Demetrious Lawan Averett v. State of Mississippi , 189 So. 3d 641 ( 2015 )

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2014-KA-00382-COA
DEMETRIOUS LAWAN AVERETT A/K/A APPELLANT
DEMETRIOUS LAWON AVERETT A/K/A
EASTWOOD AVERETT A/K/A HEMP
EASTWOOD A/K/A DEMETRIOUS AVERETT
A/K/A DEMETRIOUS AUERETT
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI APPELLEE
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 01/24/2014
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. PRENTISS GREENE HARRELL
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: MARION COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT: OFFICE OF STATE PUBLIC DEFENDER
BY: W. DANIEL HINCHCLIFF
GEORGE T. HOLMES
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: LISA L. BLOUNT
DISTRICT ATTORNEY: HALDON J. KITTRELL
NATURE OF THE CASE: CRIMINAL - FELONY
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION: CONVICTED OF BURGLARY OF A
BUILDING OTHER THAN A DWELLING
AND SENTENCED TO SEVEN YEARS IN
THE CUSTODY OF THE MISSISSIPPI
DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS AND
TO PAY A $5,000 FINE AND $196.60 IN
RESTITUTION
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 09/29/2015
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE GRIFFIS, P.J., BARNES AND JAMES, JJ.
BARNES, J., FOR THE COURT:
¶1. At approximately 11:30 p.m. on July 2, 2012, Marion County Deputy Sheriff Lon
Ward was on patrol in Columbia, Mississippi, when he saw something run across Highway
13, several hundred yards in front of his patrol car. He heard an audible security alarm from
the nearby Northside Package Store and noted that the glass door to the business was broken.
Officer Richard Pack with the Columbia Police Department was dispatched to investigate.
Surveillance video from the store revealed that two suspects, one male and one female, had
thrown a cinder block through the front glass door of the store and stolen several bottles of
liquor. The suspects were disguised in western-style hats and jackets. Both of the suspects
fled the building, heading northwest toward Highway 13.
¶2. The following day, Officer Pack detained Shatner Lewis, a juvenile, for questioning
regarding another investigation. Lewis told the officer that he saw Jennifer Henderson in the
early morning hours of July 3, and that Henderson told him she and Demetrious Averett had
broken into the Northside Package Store. Based on Shatner’s tip, law enforcement went to
Henderson’s residence, but she was not home. A short time later, she was located walking
down the road with a tote bag that contained a pint of Wild Turkey and was taken into
custody.
¶3. In a voluntary statement, Henderson claimed Averett came to her home during the
early evening hours of July 2. They, along with some of Henderson’s family members, were
drinking, but soon ran out of alcohol. At approximately 10 p.m., Averett and Henderson
drove to his sister’s home, which was located across the road from the package store. They
put on sweaters and hats to disguise themselves and broke into the store and stole a few
bottles of liquor. No money was taken. Henderson said Averett hid the disguises in the
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woods and buried the liquor in a sand pit behind his sister’s house. The couple then went to
Lewis’s home because Henderson’s sister, Stephanie, who was in a relationship with Lewis’s
older brother, was there. Henderson told Lewis and her sister what had occurred and then
left with Averett.
¶4. A search warrant was issued for the home of Averett’s sister, and his sister consented
to the search. Law enforcement recovered three bottles of whiskey from her backyard that
were buried in sand. A straw hat and a cloth bag were also discovered on a pathway leading
from the rear of the home to the liquor store. Law enforcement subsequently arrested Averett
at his home.
¶5. Averett and Henderson were indicted for burglary on April 19, 2013.1 A trial for
Averett was held in Marion County Circuit Court on October 3-4, 2013. However, during
the trial, one member of the jury had a family medical emergency, which precluded him from
sitting on the jury for the remainder of trial. As there was an insufficient number of the jury
pool (due to strikes/challenges) to select an alternate juror, the trial court declared a mistrial
because of the insufficient venire.
¶6. The second trial was held on January 16, 2014. Henderson testified, reiterating that
she and Averett had robbed the package store. Members of her family, who were present that
evening at her home, corroborated her claim that Averett was with Henderson that evening
at her mother’s house. Her sister, Stephanie, also stated that Henderson came to Lewis’s
house about 1 a.m., and Stephanie saw Averett when she stepped outside.
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Henderson pleaded guilty in open court, but as of the time of Averett’s trial, she had
not been sentenced.
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¶7. Averett testified on his own behalf, claiming that the State’s witnesses were lying, as
he was at Joshodrick Rawls’s house that evening from 10 p.m. until 1 a.m. Averett said he
only saw Henderson the next day at the local gas station, insinuating that Henderson was
soliciting. Rawls also testified that Averett was with him that evening. Rawls did
acknowledge, however, that he had been arrested during that same time period for a domestic
dispute, and he was in jail approximately the same time as Averett.
¶8. After the testimony concluded, the jury found Averett guilty of burglary. He was
sentenced to seven years in the custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections, and
ordered to pay $5,000 fine, a $3,500 assessment to the public-defenders fund, and $196.60
in restitution to the victim.
¶9. Averett filed a motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict, or in the
alternative, for a new trial. In the motion, he challenged the sufficiency and weight of the
evidence and summarily argued that the circuit court erred in its rulings at trial. The motion
was denied, and Averett filed a timely notice of appeal. On appeal, he is represented by the
Indigent Appeals Division (IAD) of the Office of State Public Defender. In addition to the
IAD’s brief, Averett has filed a supplemental pro se brief. See M.R.A.P. 28(b).
¶10. Finding no error, we affirm.
DISCUSSION
I. Claim Asserted on Averett’s Behalf by State Public Defender
¶11. Averett contends that the trial court erred in failing to declare a mistrial sua sponte
when (1) a State’s witness impermissibly commented on Averett’s failure to cooperate or
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give a statement and (2) the prosecution commented during closing arguments regarding
Averett’s failure to provide officers with his alibi. Averett claims that each statement
constituted a violation of his constitutional right to remain silent.
¶12. As Averett acknowledges, defense counsel made no contemporaneous objection to
either statement at trial.
When a party fails to raise a contemporaneous objection to the introduction of
evidence, that party waives the right to take issue with the introduction of that
evidence on appeal. Shavers v. State, 455 So. 2d 1299, 1302 (Miss. 1984).
The rationale behind the contemporaneous objection rule is “so that the trial
court may, when possible, correct the error with proper instructions to the
jury.” Baker v. State, 327 So. 2d 288, 292-93 (Miss. 1976).
Jenkins v. State, 75 So. 3d 49, 57 (¶21) (Miss. Ct. App. 2011). Thus, the right to bring this
claim on appeal is waived, unless plain error is found. Smith v. State, 984 So. 2d 295, 307
(¶43) (Miss. Ct. App. 2007). “To determine if plain error has occurred, we must determine
‘if the trial court has deviated from a legal rule, whether that error is plain, clear or obvious,
and whether the error has prejudiced the outcome of the trial.’” Id. (quoting Cox v. State,
793 So. 2d 591, 597 (¶22) (Miss. 2001)).
A. Officer Mike Cooper’s Testimony
¶13. During the State’s case-in-chief, defense counsel asked Officer Mike Cooper on cross-
examination whether any physical evidence linked Averett to the crime. Officer Cooper
replied: “No, sir, he wouldn’t provide a statement or wouldn’t give any kind of cooperation.”
Averett contends that Officer Cooper’s “unresponsive” comment “poison[ed the] trial” and
was a constitutional violation of his right to remain silent.
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¶14. “A defendant has the right to remain silent following arrest, and not have that silence
used against him.” Carr v. State, 655 So. 2d 824, 845 (Miss. 1995). In Hurt v. State, 34 So.
3d 1191 (Miss. Ct. App. 2010), this Court considered a case similar to the present one. At
trial, the State commented in its opening argument that Danny Hurt “said absolutely nothing”
to law enforcement when they picked him up for armed robbery. Id. at 1194 (¶9). Later,
during the State’s direct examination of the sheriff who had picked Hurt up, the officer
commented that Hurt “never said a word.” Id. at 1195 (¶9). Finally, in the closing
arguments, the State again referred to Hurt’s initial silence and his failure to disclose alibi
witnesses until three hours later. Id. at 1194 (¶8).
¶15. Hurt contended on appeal that the State “improperly augmented its case with questions
and comments regarding Hurt’s silence after his arrest, using his silence as an implicit
admission of guilt.” Id. at 1194 (¶9). Hurt also claimed the evidence against him was not
sufficient, relying on “unreliable testimony from an accomplice . . . [and] an untrustworthy
jailhouse snitch.” Id. Because Hurt failed to make a contemporaneous objection to the
comments, he maintained that the issue should be reviewed under plain error. Id. at 1195
(¶10). After examining relevant federal and state caselaw regarding whether comments on
a defendant’s right to remain silent violate his due-process rights, we noted factual
distinctions between those cases and the facts in Hurt. We observed:
Unlike the cases discussed previously, Hurt’s pre-Miranda silence was initially
brought up, not during cross-examination, but during the State’s opening
statement and then again during the State’s direct examination of Sheriff
Newman. In such [a] situation, the Fifth Amendment is implicated because,
at the time the prosecutor made the comment[,] and Sheriff Newman testified
concerning Hurt’s silence, Hurt had not taken the stand. Neither the United
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States Supreme Court nor our Mississippi Supreme Court has addressed the
specific issue at hand, namely, whether the use of a defendant’s post-arrest,
pre-Miranda silence as substantive evidence of a defendant’s guilt violates the
Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination.
Id. at 1197 (¶16) (emphasis added).2 Thus, while we found the prosecution’s use of the
defendant’s post-arrest, pre-Miranda silence during its case-in-chief “troubling,” we
reasoned that any error was not “plain, clear[,] or obvious” because the federal courts are
split on the issue, and the Supreme Court had “yet to address it.” Id. at 1199-1200 (¶¶22-24)
(citing United States v. Salinas, 480 F.3d 750, 759 (5th Cir. 2007)).
¶16. We reaffirmed this holding in Jenkins, a case in which the arresting officer stated at
trial that Titus Jenkins “was unwilling to speak” after being taken into custody. Jenkins, 75
So. 3d at 56 (¶20). Like the case before us, Jenkins later testified on his own behalf and there
was nothing in the record to indicate “that Jenkins received a Miranda warning when he was
initially taken into custody.” Id. at 58 (¶24). Citing Hurt, we concluded that “the trial court
did not commit plain error when it did not, sua sponte, prohibit the testimony at issue[.]” Id.
¶17. Therefore, consistent with our precedent in Hurt and Jenkins, we likewise find the
comment made by Officer Cooper during cross-examination by the defense, and prior to
Averett’s testimony, did not constitute plain error.
B. Prosecution’s Comment During Closing Argument
¶18. Averett testified at trial that he had an alibi – he was at Rawls’s home the evening of
the incident. The State commented during its closing argument: “You heard Officer Cooper
2
There is nothing in the trial record to indicate when, or if, Averett received a
Miranda warning.
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say when he picked [Averett] up, he refused to cooperate. That would have been a fine time
to tell somebody something.” Averett argues that the prosecution’s comment “directly
violat[ed]” the United States Supreme Court’s holding in Doyle v. Ohio, 426 U.S. 610, 619
(1976), that “the use for impeachment purposes of petitioners’ silence, at the time of arrest
and after receiving Miranda warnings, violated the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth
Amendment.”
¶19. However, in Fletcher v. Weir, 455 U.S. 603, 607 (1982), the Supreme Court modified
its holding in Doyle to allow for cross-examination in the absence of Miranda warnings,
stating:
In the absence of the sort of affirmative assurances embodied in the Miranda
warnings, we do not believe that it violates due process of law for a State to
permit cross-examination as to postarrest silence when a defendant chooses to
take the stand. A State is entitled, in such situations, to leave to the judge and
jury under its own rules of evidence the resolution of the extent to which
postarrest silence may be deemed to impeach a criminal defendant’s own
testimony.3
As here, there was no indication in the trial record for Fletcher whether the defendant was
given Miranda warnings during the period in which he remained silent post-arrest.
¶20. “We recognize that the Fifth Amendment prohibits a prosecutor from commenting
during closing argument regarding a defendant’s exercise of his constitutional right to remain
silent or not to testify.” Robinson v. State, 42 So. 3d 598, 602 (¶11) (Miss. Ct. App. 2010).
However, while the prosecutor’s comment during closing arguments may have been an
3
Fletcher was quoted by our own supreme court in McGrone v. State, 807 So. 2d
1232, 1233-35 (¶¶3,10-11) (Miss. 2002), which found that the State’s questioning of the
defendant on cross-examination as to why he did not tell law enforcement his “version of
the events leading up to his arrest” was not a violation his due-process rights.
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improper attempt to impeach Averett’s alibi, we find that it was harmless error. “[A]ttorneys
are granted wide latitude in making opening and closing statements[, and t]he trial court is
provided considerable discretion in determining whether a particular remark is so prejudicial
that a mistrial should be declared.” McCoy v. State, 147 So. 3d 333, 344 (¶26) (Miss. 2014)
(citations omitted). In cases involving improper comments by counsel, our supreme court
has stated that it “will reverse only if the attorney’s statement ‘was so inflammatory that the
trial judge should have objected on his own motion.’” Id. at 344-45 (¶29) (quoting
O’Connor v. State, 120 So. 3d 390, 399 (¶23) (Miss. 2013)). Accordingly, if “the natural and
probable effect” of the prosecution’s improper comment creates “an unjust prejudice against
the accused so as to result in a decision influenced by prejudice,” then reversal is required.
Hurt, 34 So. 3d at 1195-96 (¶12) (quoting Jackson v. State, 924 So. 2d 531, 542 (¶36) (Miss.
Ct. App. 2005)).
¶21. We find the State’s comment failed to create unjust prejudice against Averett resulting
in a decision influenced by prejudice.4 There was ample testimony that implicated Averett
in burglary. “[E]rrors may be deemed harmless where ‘the same result would have been
reached had they not existed.’” Gunn v. State, 56 So. 3d 568, 572 (¶16) (Miss. 2011).
“Under some circumstances, reversal is not required, even though the prosecutor asked
questions about the defendant’s post-arrest silence. Such a circumstance is when the
evidence weighs overwhelmingly against the defendant.” Id. Henderson, the accomplice,
testified that Averett committed the crime, and multiple eyewitnesses stated they saw
4
We also note that the jury was instructed by the trial court that the “[r]emarks of
counsel . . . are not evidence.”
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Henderson and Averett together that evening. The contraband from the burglary was found
hidden in the backyard of Averett’s sister. Consequently, this issue is without merit.
II. Claims Asserted by Averett
¶22. Averett’s pro se supplemental brief raises three issues in addition to the claim raised
by his appellate counsel. See M.R.A.P. 28(b). First, he argues that the evidence was
insufficient to support the verdict. “In reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, ‘the critical
inquiry is whether the evidence shows beyond a reasonable doubt that the accused committed
the act charged, and that he did so under such circumstances that every element of the offense
existed.’” Wallace v. State, 160 So. 3d 1184, 1186 (¶8) (Miss. Ct. App. 2014) (quoting Bush
v. State, 895 So. 2d 836, 843 (¶16) (Miss. 2005)).
¶23. Averett was convicted of burglary of a commercial building under Mississippi Code
Annotated section 97-17-33(1) (Rev. 2006), which states:
Every person who shall be convicted of breaking and entering, in the day or
night, any shop, store, . . . in which any goods, merchandise, equipment or
valuable thing shall be kept for use, sale, deposit, or transportation, with intent
to steal therein, or to commit any felony, or who shall be convicted of breaking
and entering in the day or night time, any building within the curtilage of a
dwelling house, not joined to, immediately connected with or forming a part
thereof, shall be guilty of burglary, and imprisoned in the penitentiary not more
than seven (7) years.
Henderson testified that she and Averett disguised themselves, entered the package store by
breaking the door’s window after the store was closed, and stole liquor from the store. They
then ran to his sister’s home to hide evidence. Henderson and Averett subsequently went to
Lewis’s house to see her sister, Stephanie, and Henderson confessed the crime to Lewis and
Stephanie, who corroborated her testimony.
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¶24. Averett, however, claims that the testimony of the State’s witnesses was not credible
and that there was no physical evidence to connect him to the crime. However, “[t]he
absence of physical evidence does not negate a conviction where there is testimonial
evidence.” Hayes v. State, 156 So. 3d 910, 913 (¶13) (Miss. Ct. App. 2014) (quoting
Graham v. State, 812 So. 2d 1150, 1153 (¶9) (Miss. Ct. App. 2002)). Henderson testified
that she committed the crime of burglary with Averett. Lewis said that Henderson admitted
to him that she and Averett had robbed the package store. There was ample testimony to
support Henderson’s version of the events. Her family members who testified said they saw
Averett with Henderson that evening. Furthermore, some of the stolen liquor bottles were
found in the backyard of Averett’s sister, and a straw hat was found in the woods leading to
her house – physical evidence that corroborated Henderson’s statement and testimony.
¶25. Although Averett denied any involvement in the burglary, “inconsistencies or
contradictions in testimony are clearly in the jury’s province, and we refuse to reverse on
such grounds.” James v. State, 756 So. 2d 850, 851 (¶4) (Miss. Ct. App. 2000) (citing Evans
v. State, 460 So. 2d 824, 827 (Miss. 1984)). “It is the duty of the jurors to resolve conflicts
in the testimony presented.” Id. (citing Groseclose v. State, 440 So. 2d 297, 300 (Miss.
1983)). Accordingly, we find that the evidence was sufficient to support the verdict.
¶26. The second claim brought by Averett is that he was denied the right to confront
adverse witnesses. See Howell v. State, 163 So. 3d 240, 251 (¶23) (Miss. 2014) (“[T]he
admission of a testimonial statement of a witness who does not appear at trial is barred,
unless that witness is unavailable, and the defendant has had a prior opportunity for cross-
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examination.” (quoting Corbin v. State, 74 So. 3d 333, 338 (¶13) (Miss. 2011))).
Specifically, Averett refers to a police report filled out by Officer Herbert Crocroft, in which
he recounted an interview with Lloyd Rivett, one of the package-store owners. Neither
person testified at trial. Averett’s argument is that because the State brought the burglary
charge based on this report, it was testimonial in nature. However, this report was never
entered into evidence at trial. Therefore, there is no merit to this issue.
¶27. Averett’s final argument is that the trial court erred in allowing the State to comment
on prior bad acts, because the questions and comments were irrelevant and prejudicial.
Averett testified on cross-examination that he barely knew Henderson, stating she was “not
in [his] circle.” The State then asked Averett whether he had been “questioned [by law
enforcement] about a situation there at the hotel in Columbia involving Ms. Henderson” in
January 2011. Averett said he knew “nothing about that,” although he admitted being
arrested for indecent exposure. Defense counsel objected to the line of questioning, claiming
it was prejudicial. The trial court ruled that while it might have been prejudicial, Averett had
“opened the door” to the line of questioning by claiming that he did not know Henderson
very well.
¶28. “Where an accused, on direct examination, seeks to exculpate himself, such testimony
is subject to normal impeachment via cross-examination, and this is so though it would bring
out that the accused may have committed another crime.” Stewart v. State, 596 So. 2d 851,
853 (Miss. 1992) (emphasis added). Thus, “[e]vidence, which is otherwise inadmissible,
may be properly presented where the defendant has ‘opened the door.’” Field v. State, 28
12
So. 3d 697, 704 (¶21) (Miss. Ct. App. 2010) (citing Gunnell v. State, 750 So. 2d 1284, 1286
(¶12) (Miss. Ct. App. 1999)). Although we acknowledge that the majority of Averett’s
testimony regarding his lack of familiarity with Henderson occurred during cross-
examination, he did testify during direct examination that he only knew her from the local
gas station.
Q. Did you come into contact with Jennifer Henderson?
A. Yeah, at a store called Amoco. It is in our community. That’s where
she usually be at, pretty much every day. Her, her cousins and sister,
stuff like that. They kind of, like, be – and I want to be careful what I
say, but like panhandling or just trying to solicit. I’m single, but I have
a girlfriend. So that’s pretty much how I know her, from seeing her at
the store trying to talk to different guys and stuff.
....
Q. Anything else you would like to add?
A. That I’m innocent. You know what I’m saying. That as far as how I
know them would be like, women is at th[ose] stores soliciting. That’s
it . . . .
¶29. We agree that Averett “opened the door” during direct examination and find no error
in trial court’s ruling to allow the State’s questions. Furthermore, the State did not ask the
questions to establish evidence of prior bad acts; it was merely trying to demonstrate that
Averett had been caught at a hotel room with Henderson and, therefore, knew her more
intimately than he claimed. Accordingly, we find no merit to this issue raised by Averett.
¶30. THE JUDGMENT OF THE CIRCUIT COURT OF MARION COUNTY OF
CONVICTION OF BURGLARY OF A BUILDING OTHER THAN A DWELLING
AND SENTENCE OF SEVEN YEARS IN THE CUSTODY OF THE MISSISSIPPI
DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS AND TO PAY A $5,000 FINE AND $196.60 IN
RESTITUTION IS AFFIRMED. ALL COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE ASSESSED
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TO MARION COUNTY.
LEE, C.J., GRIFFIS, P.J., ISHEE, CARLTON, MAXWELL, FAIR, JAMES
AND WILSON, JJ., CONCUR. IRVING, P.J., DISSENTS WITHOUT SEPARATE
WRITTEN OPINION.
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