State v. Standley , 232 Mo. 23 ( 1910 )

KENNISH, J.

The defendant, James Standley, was prosecuted in the circuit court of Christian county upon an information in two counts, the first charging the defendant with the felony of having had carnal knowledge of an unmarried female of previous chaste character, between the ages of fourteen and eighteen years; and the second, the felony of seduction under promise of marriage. Upon a trial the jury returned a general verdict finding the defendant guilty and assessed his punishment at imprisonment in the penitentiary for a term of two years. From the judgment he appealed to this court.

As shown by the record the verdict of the jury was returned on the 28th day of August, 1909, and on the same day judgment was regularly pronounced and sentence passed. Three days after judgment, to-wit, August 31,1909, the defendant filed a motion for a new trial, and on the 3d day of September, 1909', filed his motion in arrest of judgment.

It is provided by section 5285, Revised Statutes 1909, as follows: ‘ ‘ The motion for a new trial shall be in writing, and must set forth the grounds or causes therefor, and be filed before judgment and within four days after the return of the verdict or finding of the court, if the term shall so long continue; and if not, then before the end of the term, and shall be heard and determined in the same manner as motions for new trials in civil cases.”

This statute has been construed to be mandatory and under the decisions of this court the filing of a motion for a new trial after judgment will not preserve for review in this court matters of exception saved during the trial. [State v. Fraser, 220 Mo. 34; State v. Pritchett, 219 Mo. 696.]

The motion in arrest is also required to be filed before judgment, and in this case, being filed out of time, it cannot be considered- [R. S. 1909, sec. 5286; State v. Pritchett, supra; State v. Rosenblatt, 185 Mo. 114.]

Under the foregoing statutes as construed in the decisions cited we are restricted on this appeal to an examination of the record proper.

The information is in accordance with forms which have received the sanction of this court, and therefore we hold it sufficient. [State v. Knock, 142 Mo. 515; State v. Hall, 164 Mo. 528; State v. O’Keefe, 141 Mo271; Kelley’s Crim. Law and Prac., sec. 555.]

The defendant was properly arraigned and the jury regularly impanelled and sworn to try the issues of this case.

It is contended by appellant that the verdict is insufficient to support the judgment for the reason that the jury failed to state upon which count of the information they found the defendant guilty. The verdict is a part of the record proper. It must be certain and responsive to the charge, and therefore may be re: viewed in this court even in the absence of motions for new trial and in arrest of judgment. [State v. Miller, 189 Mo. 673; State v. Cronin,. 1891 Mo. 663; State v. Pierce, 136 Mo. 34.] The verdict is as follows: “We, the jury, find the defendant guilty, and assess his punishment at two years in the penitentiary. Elmer Cornog, Foreman.”

Upon this verdict the judgment and sentence of the court, so far as material, was as follows: “Now on this day comes the prosecuting attorney for the State of Missouri and also comes the defendant herein in person in custody of the sheriff of this county in open court, whereupon said defendant is informed by the court that he having been found guilty by jury of the crime of statutory rape and seduction under promise of marriage as charged in an information preferred against him by the prosecuting attorney of Christian county, Mo., and being now asked by the court if he had any .legal cause why judgment should not be pronounced against him according to law and still failing to show such cause: ‘It is therefore sentenced, ordered, adjudged by the court that the said James Standley having been convicted as aforesaid be confined in the penitentiary at Jefferson City for a period of two years from the 23d day of August, 1909,' ” etc.

It thus appears in the record before us that the court adjudged the defendant guilty of both offenses charged in the information. We are confronted, therefore, with a case in which the defendant was charged with and tried for two separate and distinct felonies based upon different statutes, prescribing different penalties and in which a general verdict of. guilty was returned by the jury and the defendant adjudged guilty of both offenses, though the punishment assessed was evidently for but one of the offenses charged. Can a judgment upon such a state of the record be upheld?

In the case of State v. Pierce, 136 Mo. 34, the defendant was charged with the forgery of an instrument of writing in one count of the indictment, and with uttering the same forged instrument in a second count. The case was submitted to the jury upon instructions authorizing a conviction upon either count and the jury were told that if they found the defendant guilty they should state in their verdict upon which count they so found. The jury returned a verdict of guilty and assessed the punishment at two years’ imprisonment in the penitentiary, but did not state upon which count they found the defendant guilty. Discussing the question presented by the record in that case this court (page 40) said: “The defendant is not represented in this court, nor was any point made on the insufficiency of the verdict. Nevertheless it is obviously insufficient, and no valid judgment can be rendered upon it, because it is impossible to tell from the verdict on which count the jury found the defendant guilty; and it is obvious from the punishment assessed against him, that they only intended to punish him for one of the distinct and separate offenses charged in the indictment. ‘The verdict must be certain, positive, and free from all ambiguity. It must convey on its face a definite and precise meaning, and must show just what the jury intended. An obscurity which renders it at all doubtful will be fatal to it.’ [3 Graham & Waterman on New Trials, p. 1378.] Bishop says on this topic: ‘Not Responsive — If the verdict does not find the issue presented by the record, but some other, or if silent on some element of the offense, no valid judgment can be recorded upon it, and it should be set aside. Or, Uni-certain. — If the meaning of it is uncertain — as, for example, if it does not show which of two defendants is meant to be convicted, or on which of two counts the conviction is — the consequesce is the same.’ [1 Bishop, Crim. Proc. (3 Ed.), sec. 1005.] Authorities abound on every hand announcing the same conclusion; indeed it may be said to he elementary law. [State v. Coon, 18 Minn. 518; Favor v. State, 54 Ga. 249; Day v. People, 76 Ill. 380; People ex rel. v. Whitson, 74 Ill. 20; Campbell v. Queen, 1 Cox C. C. 269; 2 Thompson, Trials, sec. 2640, and cases cited.] This point has thus been ruled in State v. Harmon, 106 Mo. 635. To the like effect is State v. Bedell, 35 Mo. App. 551.”

In the case of State v. Harmon, 106 Mo. 635, the same question was presented, and responding thereto this court (page 657) said: “In every case the jury should respond to the whole case. If a civil case, to the whole petition. If .a criminal case, to every count in the indictment. They should either acquit or convict on each count. [Wilson v. State, 20 Ohio, 26; Williams v. State, 6 Neb. 334; Casey v. State, 20 Neb. 138; Bricker v. Railroad, 83 Mo. 391; State v. Bedell, 35 Mo. App. 551.] ”

And in the recent case of State v. Carragin, 210 Mo. 351, after reviewing at length the decisions of this and other States upon the law applicable where the accused is tried upon an indictment charging more than one felony, this court, speaking through Gantt, J., (page 371), laid down the following rule: “From the foregoing authorities we deduce the principle that it would have been proper for the circuit court to have instructed the jury on the evidence produced in this case, after defining what would constitute a forgery of the indorsement, and uttering the same, that they might find the defendant guilty under either count of the indictment accordingly as they found the facts to be, but not upon both, or have inquired the prosecuting attorney at the close of the evidence to have elected upon which count he would ask a conviction. . . . We know of no case under our practice in which an accused may be tried and convicted of two distinct felonies except in the case of burglary and larceny, which is expressly allowed by statute.”

In accordance with, the law as declared in the foregoing cases we hold that the verdict in this case is uncertain, and for that reason and because of error in the judgment, the judgment should be reversed and the cause remanded for a new trial. It is so ordered. Gantt, P. J., concurs; Burgess, J., deceased since the submission of the cause.