Michael Greenleaf v. State of Missouri , 501 S.W.3d 911 ( 2016 )

In the Missouri Court of Appeals
Eastern District
DIVISON TWO
MICHAEL GREENLEAF, ) No. ED103715
)
Appellant, )
) Appeal from the Circuit Court
) of St. Louis County
vs. ) Cause No. 14SL-CC04433
)
STATE OF MISSOURI, ) Honorable Michael D. Burton
)
Respondent. ) Filed: November 1, 2016
OPINION
Michael Greenleaf (“Movant”) appeals the motion court’s judgment denying his Rule
24.035 motion1 for post-conviction relief without an evidentiary hearing. Movant’s motion was
untimely filed. Accordingly, we vacate the motion court’s judgment and remand the cause with
directions to dismiss Movant’s motion because it is time-barred.
I. Factual and Procedural Background
On March 31, 2014, in case number 14SL-CR02812, a grand jury charged Movant with
one count of attempted enticement of a child.2 On June 19, 2014, Movant pled guilty in 14SL-
CR02812, and the plea court sentenced him to five years’ imprisonment. At the time of the plea
and sentencing, Movant was already incarcerated and serving a 12-year term of imprisonment
1
All references to Rules are to Missouri Supreme Court Rules (2014).
2
Under § 566.151 RSMo Supp. 2006.
1
after pleading guilty in a different case on May 5, 2014 to six counts of possession of child
pornography.3
Movant began serving his sentence on June 19, 2014, when he was delivered to the
Missouri Department of Corrections.4 He completed and mailed a pro se Rule 24.035 motion on
December 23, 2014. The pro se motion was received by a clerk and filed on December 29, 2014.
II. Standard of Review
We will only overrule a motion court’s denial of a Rule 24.035 motion if the court’s
finding of fact and conclusions of law are clearly erroneous. Rule 24.035(k); Stanley v. State,
420 S.W.3d 532, 539 (Mo. banc 2014). “The motion court's findings and conclusions are clearly
erroneous only if, after review of the record, the appellate court is left with the definite and firm
impression that a mistake has been made.” Stanley, 420 S.W.3d at 539. Movant bears the burden
of showing, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the motion court’s ruling was clearly
erroneous. Id.
III. Discussion
Movant’s Rule 24.035 motion was untimely filed. However, because the motion court
denied the claim on its merits instead of dismissing it, we must vacate the motion court’s
judgment and remand the cause to the motion court with directions to dismiss Movant’s Rule
24.035 motion.
If a defendant does not make a direct appeal of the judgment sought to be vacated, his pro
se motion “shall be filed within 180 days of the date the person is delivered to the custody of the
department of corrections.” Rule 24.035(b) (emphasis added); see also Wright v. State, 464
3
All six counts were class B felonies.
4
Movant contends that his actual date of delivery was June 25, 2014. However, in Movant’s original pro se motion,
filed on December 29, 2014, and in his amended motion filed on July 6, 2015, Movant pled that he was delivered to
the Department of Corrections on June 19, 2014.
2
S.W.3d 526, 528 (Mo. App. E.D. 2015). (emphasis added). Time limits for post-conviction relief
motions are mandatory. Stanley, 420 S.W.3d at 540; see also Dorris v. State, 360 S.W.3d 260,
266-67 (Mo. banc 2012) (explaining that the word “shall” generally connotes a mandatory duty,
and mandatory duties prescribed by rules or statutes “must be obeyed.”). A movant’s failure to
file a Rule 24.035 motion within 180 days of the date he is delivered to the custody of the
Department of Corrections results in the movant’s complete waiver of his right to proceed on that
motion. Dorris, 360 S.W.3d at 266-67. A “complete waiver” means “a total, absolute
relinquishment of a legal right.” Id. at 267-68.
Movant never made a direct appeal of his conviction. Accordingly, Movant was required
to file a pro se motion within 180 days from the date he was delivered to the Missouri
Department of Corrections (June 19, 2014), making his deadline date to file his motion
December 16, 2014. See Rule 24.035(b). Movant contends that the motion court’s ruling
contained an error and Movant was not actually delivered into the Department of Corrections
until June 25, 2014, which would extend his deadline date to December 22, 2014. Whether
Movant was delivered into custody on June 19, 2014 or June 25, 2014 is immaterial. Movant’s
pro se motion was not filed until December 29, 2014, thus, it would be considered untimely in
either circumstance.
We are required to enforce the mandatory court rules created by the Supreme Court of
Missouri. Dorris, 360 S.W.3d at 268. Our Court cannot waive Movant’s non-compliance with
the time limits imposed by Rule 24.035. Id. However, the Supreme Court of Missouri has also
crafted three exceptions to Rule 24.035(b): “(1) when the motion was delivered to the court so it
would be filed within the time limits of the Rules but the court lost or misfiled the motion; (2)
when post-conviction counsel abandoned the movant, i.e. ‘improperly act[ed] or fail[ed] to act to
3
the movant’s detriment’; and (3) ‘in very rare circumstances’ where ‘an improper filing, caused
by circumstances beyond the control of the movant, justified a late receipt of the motion by the
proper court.’” Wiley v. State, 368 S.W.3d 236, 238 (Mo. App. E.D. 2012). (quoting Moore v.
State, 328 S.W.3d 700, 702-03 (Mo. banc 2010)) (citing Dorris, 360 S.W.3d at 267).
Here, Movant does not argue that any of the three exceptions are applicable. Rather, he
requests our leniency because the motion would only be seven days late, if Movant was not
delivered to the Department of Corrections until June 25, 2014.5 We do not have discretion on
this matter, however. Because Movant failed to file his Rule 24.035 motion within 180 days of
the date he was taken into custody and the three judicially created exceptions are inapplicable,
we must remand the cause for dismissal.
Although the motion court correctly noted Movant’s claim was “time barred from relief
under Rule 24.035,” it clearly erred by denying Movant’s motion instead of dismissing it.
Accordingly, we must vacate its judgment and remand with directions to dismiss Movant’s
petition. “Where the circuit court improperly considers the merits of claims that are time-barred
by Rule 24.035, the proper disposition on appeal is to vacate the judgment and remand with
instructions to dismiss.” State v. Johnson, 422 S.W.2d 430, 433 (Mo. App. W.D. 2013).
5
The 180 day period would start on June 25, 2014 and end on December 22, 2014 in this scenario. Movant’s motion
was not filed until December 29, 2014. Moreover, Movant concedes he did not mail and complete the motion until
December 23. Movant, in the alternative, requests that we remand his cause for an evidentiary hearing to determine
if the late pro-se motion should be considered timely for “considerations of due process.” However, Missouri courts
have consistently found that untimely filing of a movant’s Rule 24.035 motion procedurally bars it from
consideration. Dorris, 360 S.W.3d at 266-67. Like all other States, Missouri has “substantial discretion” to develop
and implement programs for prisoners seeking post-conviction review, and the time limitation contained in Rule
24.035 is “valid and mandatory.” Day v. State, 770 S.W.2d 692, 695 (Mo. banc 1989) (citing Pennsylvania v.
Finley, 481 U.S. 551, 559 (1987)).
4
IV. Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, the motion court’s judgment denying Movant’s Rule 24.035
motion without an evidentiary hearing is vacated. We remand the cause to the motion court with
directions to dismiss Movant’s Rule 24.035 motion.
_______________________________
Colleen Dolan, Judge
Sherri B. Sullivan, P.J., concurs.
Roy L. Richter, J., concurs.
5