Lonzo Davis v. State of Missouri , 435 S.W.3d 113 ( 2014 )

In the Missouri Court of Appeals
Eastern District
DIVISION ONE
LONZO DAVIS, ) No. ED100609
)
Appellant, ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
) of City of St. Louis
vs. )
) Honorable Thomas J. Frawley
STATE OF MISSOURI, )
)
Respondent. ) FILED: June 30, 2014
Lonzo Davis ("Movant") appeals from the motion court's judgment, without an
evidentiary hearing, denying his Rule 24.035 motion for post-conviction relief. Movant, proven
to be a prior and persistent offender, pled guilty to one count of the Class A felony of assault of a
law enforcement officer (Count I), one count of the unclassified felony of armed criminal action
(Count II), one count of the Class C felony of stealing (Count III), one count of the Class C
felony of unlawful possession of a firearm (Count IV), two counts of the Class B misdemeanor
of property damage in the second degree (Counts V and VI), and one count of the Class B felony
of discharging a firearm from a motor vehicle (Count VII). He was sentenced to concurrent
terms totaling 20 years in the Missouri Department of Corrections. Movant claims his attorney
promised him a maximum sentence of 12 years. We affirm.
I. Background
This Court sees that once again, reality "changes" once a party takes up residence in the
Department of Corrections. Here we are faced with reconciling statements made in open court,
under oath, versus allegations made after the Movant was living in a cell for a period of time.
Movant was charged by the State of Missouri ("State") with the offenses listed above. Movant
entered an open plea on January 9, 2012, to all counts. The prosecutor detailed the facts the
State would prove if the case went to trial. Movant agreed to everything stated by the prosecutor
as to each count, except that he indicated that on Count I, he did not know the officer was an
officer because the officer "never put his light in the window." Movant indicated that he felt he
would be found guilty at a trial based on the evidence outlined by the State on the count of
assaulting a law enforcement officer.
The prosecutor recited the range of punishment for each offense, based on the Court's
finding that Movant was a prior and persistent offender. The State correctly noted that the
enhanced punishment for Count VII (Class B felony of discharging a firearm from a motor
vehicle) was a minimum of 15 years. (emphasis added). Movant made no statement at that
point that he had been promised a sentence of 12 years.
The prosecutor indicated that the State was recommending sentences that would total 25
years in the Department of Corrections. Movant indicated that he would ask the Court for a
lesser sentence.
The Court directly asked Movant: "Okay. Has anybody promised you what sentence
you're going to receive?" Movant answered: "No, sir."
Movant indicated he had informed his attorney about all facts surrounding the crimes,
and that his lawyer had answered all his questions. Movant further indicated that his attorney
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had done everything asked of him. The plea court also asked Movant whether anyone had made
any threats to him or to his family to induce him to plead guilty, and Movant responded "No,
sir." Movant entered guilty pleas to each of the seven counts. Movant's plea counsel asked the
Court to show some leniency or mercy on Movant, and asked for a sentence of 15 years, or no
more than 20 years.
The Court then announced the various sentences, starting with a 20-year sentence on
Count I and another 20-year sentence on Count II. Clearly, the announcement of 20-year
sentences on the first two counts would have alerted anyone who had been "promised" no more
than 12 years that things were not going according to plan.
The Court then advised Movant of his rights pursuant to Rule 24.035. Movant expressed
complete satisfaction and that counsel did a good job for him, and once again stated that his
attorney made no threats or promises to cause him to plead guilty. The last question posed to
Movant by the Court was "Mr. Davis, anything else, sir?" Movant replied "No, sir." This record
clearly refutes Movant's claim that he was promised a sentence of no more than 12 years.
Movant filed his pro se Rule 24.035 motion for post-conviction relief on August 16,
2012. Appointed counsel filed Movant's amended Rule 24.035 motion on February 15, 2013.
The motion court later entered a judgment denying Movant's Rule 24.035 motion without an
evidentiary hearing. This appeal follows.
II. Discussion
In his sole point on appeal, Movant alleges the motion court clearly erred in denying his
Rule 24.035 motion without an evidentiary hearing because this violated his rights to counsel,
jury trial, and due process of law, in violation of the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments of the
United States Constitution and Article I, Sections 10 and 18(a) of the Missouri Constitution.
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Movant claims that his motion alleged a meritorious claim based on facts, not refuted by the
record, warranting a hearing. He pleads that his attorney promised him a total sentence of 12
years.
A. Standard of Review
We review a denial of post-conviction relief to determine whether the motion court's
findings and conclusions are clearly erroneous. Rule 24.035(k); Webb v. State, 334 S.W.3d 126,
128 (Mo. banc 2011). Findings and conclusions are clearly erroneous if, upon review of the
entire record, we are left with the definite and firm impression that a mistake has been made.
Gehrke v. State, 280 S.W.3d 54, 56-57 (Mo. banc 2009).
A movant is entitled to an evidentiary hearing only if (1) the movant pled facts, not
conclusions, warranting relief; (2) the facts alleged are not refuted by the record; and (3) the
matters complained of resulted in prejudice to the movant. Id. When the movant's claim is one
of ineffective assistance of counsel, the movant must allege facts, unrefuted by the record, that
(1) trial counsel's performance did not conform to the degree of skill, care and diligence of a
reasonably competent attorney and (2) movant was thereby prejudiced. Webb, 334 S.W.3d at
128. To show prejudice when challenging a guilty plea, the movant must allege facts showing
"'that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's errors, he would not have pleaded
guilty and would have insisted on going to trial.'" Id. (quoting Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52, 59
(1985)). Hence, "[f]ollowing a guilty plea, the effectiveness of counsel is relevant only to the
extent that it affected whether or not the plea was made voluntarily and knowingly." Morales v.
State, 104 S.W.3d 432, 434 (Mo. App. E.D. 2003). Trial counsel is presumed effective, and a
movant bears the burden of proving otherwise. Forrest v. State, 290 S.W.3d 704, 708 (Mo. banc
2009).
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B. Analysis
Movant alleges that Plea Counsel promised him a sentence of 12 years, and that Movant
chose to plead guilty based on that promise.
A guilty plea must be a voluntary expression of the defendant's choice and a knowing and
intelligent act done with sufficient awareness of the relevant circumstances and likely
consequences of the act. Roberts v. State, 276 S.W.3d 833, 836 (Mo. banc 2009). "A plea of
guilty is not made voluntarily if the defendant is misled, or is induced to plead guilty by fraud or
mistake, by misapprehension, fear, persuasion, or the holding out of hopes which prove to be
false or ill founded." Bequette v. State, 161 S.W.3d 905, 907 (Mo. App. E.D. 2005) (quoting
Drew v. State, 436 S.W.2d 727, 729 (Mo. 1969)) (internal citations omitted). Moreover, "[m]ere
prediction or advice of counsel will not lead to a finding of legal coercion rendering a guilty plea
involuntary." Nesbitt v. State, 335 S.W.3d 67, 70 (Mo. App. E.D. 2011).
The motion court found that Movant's claim is refuted by the record of the plea. The
motion court stated that Movant told the plea court that he wanted to plead guilty. Movant
acknowledged to the plea court that Plea Counsel explained the elements of the crimes. Movant
stated he wished to plead guilty, that no one had made any threats or promises to Movant or his
family to induce him to plead guilty, and that no one told him to lie in response to the court's
questions. Movant was not faced with any "trick questions" posed by the plea court. The
questions asked and the responses given in open court, under oath, contain no unusual words or
legalese. The phrase "were any threats or promises made . . ." is not difficult to understand or
subject to interpretation.
The motion court found Plea Counsel did not coerce or pressure Movant into pleading
guilty. Based on Movant's answers, made under oath in open court, we cannot find any basis to
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even suspect that Movant was promised a sentence of only 12 years when the prosecutor recited
that the minimum punishment for one of the charges was 15 years, and Movant heard his
attorney advocate for that minimum sentence rather than the 25-year sentence being
recommended by the State.
"To preclude an evidentiary hearing, inquiry into defendant's satisfaction with
performance of trial counsel conducted at sentencing proceedings must be specific enough to
elicit responses from which [the] motion court may determine that record refutes conclusively
allegation of ineffectiveness asserted in motion for post[-]conviction relief based upon
ineffective assistance of trial counsel." Evans v. State, 921 S.W.2d 162, 165 (Mo. App. W.D.
1996). "Statements made by the defendant during sentencing refute ineffective assistance of
counsel claims if the questions and responses are specific enough to refute conclusively the
movant's allegations." Redeemer v. State, 979 S.W.2d 565, 571 (Mo. App. W.D. 1998).
Here, the record includes a transcript in which Movant specifically was asked whether
anyone made any promises with regard to the sentence he would receive, and Movant's response
was no. To succeed on appeal, Movant's answer needed to be: "Yes, sir. My attorney promised
me that I would receive no more than 12 years."
Movant was asked whether anyone made any threats to him or his family to induce him
to plead guilty, to which he responded "no." Again, Movant needed to state: "Yes, sir. I am
pleading guilty because my attorney promised me I would receive a sentence of 12 years."
When Movant was asked whether his attorney refused to comply with any of his requests,
Movant responded no. Movant answered that he had enough time with his attorney and his
attorney had answered all his questions. When asked whether Movant had any complaints or
criticisms of his attorney, Movant responded no. The court further found a factual basis for the
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pleas and accepted the pleas of guilty. It is hard to believe that anyone could read the record of
the guilty plea and find that Movant was not given every opportunity to tell the Court about any
alleged promises and that Movant failed to do so. Moreover, if Movant's claim is true that he
was promised a sentence of 12 years – it is beyond belief that he would stand silent when his
counsel requested that the sentencing court show leniency and sentence Movant to 15 years, or
no more than 20 years.
Even after the court sentenced Movant and advised him of his post-conviction relief
rights, Movant expressed complete satisfaction and that counsel did a good job for him, and once
again stated that his attorney made no threats or promises to cause him to plead guilty. Yet
again, Movant should have been informing the Court that his lawyer promised him a 12-year
sentence.
For some reason, a period of confinement has seemingly erased Movant's memory of the
questions and answers given at the time he entered his pleas.
Based on the record before us, we find that Movant was sufficiently questioned in detail
during the plea and sentencing hearings to determine that his allegation that Plea Counsel
promised him a 12-year sentence is refuted by the record. His claim is frivolous. 1
We find the motion court correctly denied Movant's motion for post-conviction relief
without an evidentiary hearing.
1
Courts wish "to discourage frivolous and unfounded allegations which must be addressed by trial courts already
over burdened with a proliferation of post-conviction remedy motions." State v. Bradley, 811 S.W.2d 379, 383 (Mo.
banc 1991) (discussing the requirement for a movant's verification of his post-conviction motion listing all grounds
for relief known to him and his acknowledgment of waiver of all unlisted grounds). Appellate counsel is under no
obligation to raise every issue asserted by a movant, and "can make the strategic decision to remove frivolous claims
not likely to result in reversal in favor of putting forth stronger arguments." Holman v. State, 88 S.W.3d 105, 110
(Mo. App. E.D. 2002). Avoiding such frivolous claims "promotes judicial economy by focusing the Court's
attention on those issues most pertinent to resolving the case." Id. Further, we suggest that avoiding frivolous
claims in one case may promote justice by focusing limited judicial resources on other cases in need of resolution.
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III. Conclusion
The judgment of the motion court is affirmed.
____________________________________
Roy L. Richter, Presiding Judge
Clifford H. Ahrens, J., concurs
Glenn A. Norton, J., concurs
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