STATE OF MISSOURI EX REL. DAN PATTERSON, Relator v. THE HONORABLE CHARLES D. CURLESS ( 2021 )

Missouri Court of Appeals
Southern District
Division Two
STATE OF MISSOURI EX REL. )
DAN PATTERSON, )
)
Relator, )
) No. SD37113
vs. ) FILED: July 23, 2021
)
THE HONORABLE CHARLES D. CURLESS, )
)
Respondent. )
PERMANENT WRIT
Greene County Prosecuting Attorney, Dan Patterson (“Relator”), seeks a writ of
prohibition against the Honorable Charles Curless (“Respondent”) from enforcing his order
disqualifying Relator and the entire Greene County Prosecuting Attorney’s Office (“the PAO”)
in the prosecution of the underlying criminal case, Greene County Circuit Court case 1931-
CR04768-01, against the defendant, Aaron Klusmeyer. In a single point, Relator contends that
he is entitled to a writ of prohibition because the record contains “no evidence” supporting
Respondent’s order disqualifying the Relator and the PAO. Concluding that Relator’s contention
has merit, we issue a permanent writ of prohibition.
Klusmeyer filed an unverified motion containing various conflict of interest allegations
against Relator and several of the assistant prosecuting attorneys from the PAO. These alleged
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conflicts of interest, according to Klusmeyer, warranted the disqualification of Relator and the
PAO from the underlying case and the appointment of a special prosecutor.
The transcript of the trial court’s hearing on Klusmeyer’s motion reveals that no facts
were stipulated by the parties, no testimony was proffered, and, while one exhibit was introduced
and marked (by the PAO as part of its argument in opposition to the motion), neither that exhibit
nor any other exhibit was offered or received into evidence. Following only attorney argument,
Respondent issued his ruling and order on April 6, 2021, in which, “out of an abundance of
caution[,]” he granted Klusmeyer’s motion. Thereafter, Relator petitioned this Court for a writ
prohibiting Respondent from disqualifying Relator and the PAO and we issued a Preliminary
Writ of Prohibition.
As observed by our supreme court:
“The writ of prohibition, an extraordinary remedy, is to be used with great caution
and forbearance and only in cases of extreme necessity.” State ex rel. Douglas
Toyota III, Inc. v. Keeter, 804 S.W.2d 750, 752 (Mo. banc 1991). “The essential
function of prohibition is to correct or prevent inferior courts and agencies from
acting without or in excess of their [authority or] jurisdiction.” Id. As a result,
departure “from the usual application of prohibition ... requires a peculiarly
limited situation where some absolute irreparable harm may come to a litigant if
some spirit of justifiable relief is not made available to respond to a trial court's
order.” Id. at 752 (quotation marks and alteration omitted).
State ex rel. Peters-Baker v. Round, 561 S.W.3d 380, 384 (Mo. banc 2018) (alteration in
original).
In the context of prosecutorial disqualification, “[d]ue to the irreparable harm caused
when an entire prosecuting attorney’s office is disqualified, a circuit court should not do so
absent a finding of an actual conflict of interest that must be imputed to the entire office under
either the Rules of Professional Conduct or the appearance of impropriety test.” Id. at 388(citing State v. Lemasters, 456 S.W.3d 416, 422-23 (Mo. banc 2015)) (emphasis added); see also
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section 56.110. 1 “[W]hen this issue is considered on appeal, the ‘trial court’s ruling on a motion
to disqualify is reviewed for abuse of discretion.’” Id. (quoting Lemasters, 456 S.W.3d at 420).
As a fundamental principle, however, any exercise of the trial court’s discretion to disqualify a
prosecutor must be based upon evidence before it concerning that disqualification. See State v.
Williams, 643 S.W.2d 641, 642 (Mo.App. 1982) (holding that the trial court properly denied
defendant’s motion to disqualify prosecuting attorney where there was no allegation in the
motion nor any evidence before the court that any statutory disqualification was present).
In his sole point, Relator contends as follows:
Relator is entitled to an order prohibiting Respondent, the Honorable Charles D.
Curless, from disqualifying Relator in the prosecution of State v. Aaron
Klusmeyer, case number 1931-CR04768-01, because in doing so Respondent
acted in excess of his jurisdiction and authority, abused his discretion, and caused
irreparable harm, in that there is no evidence of any conflict or statutory ground
disqualifying Relator.
We agree.
Klusmeyer’s conflict-of-interest assertions were presented to Respondent in the following
forms only: (1) unverified motion allegations and (2) in-court argument by Klusmeyer’s counsel.
Allegations in a motion, however, are not self-proving. State v. Banks, 457 S.W.3d 898, 902
(Mo.App. 2015). Similarly, “[a] bare assertion by defense counsel does not prove itself and is
not evidence of the facts presented.” State v. Smith, 996 S.W.2d 518, 523 (Mo.App. 1999).
Accordingly, there was no evidence before Respondent supporting any of the allegations in
Klusmeyer’s motion. In that context, Respondent abused his discretion in granting the motion
and a writ of prohibition is an appropriate remedy. 2 See Round, 561 S.W.3d at 388-89.
Relator’s point is granted.
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All statutory references are to RSMo (2016).
2
The complete lack of evidence before the trial court also necessarily precludes this court’s consideration of the
merits of any alleged claim for disqualification of Relator or the PAO.
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We hereby issue our permanent writ directing Respondent to vacate his April 6, 2021
order disqualifying Relator and the PAO in Greene County Circuit Court case 1931-CR04768-01
and prohibiting Respondent from taking any action to enforce that vacated order in any manner. 3
GARY W. LYNCH, C.J. – OPINION AUTHOR
NANCY STEFFEN RAHMEYER, J. – CONCURS
DON E. BURRELL, J. – CONCURS
3
To the extent our May 25, 2021 Preliminary Writ of Prohibition prohibits Respondent from taking any other action
in Greene County Circuit Court case 1931-CR04768-01, it is hereby quashed.
4