State v. . Liles , 78 N.C. 496 ( 1878 )

The defendant was tried on a bill of indictment of which the following is a copy: "The jurors for the State, upon their oath present, that Clark Liles, late, etc., on the first day of, etc., with force and arms, etc., one gallon of figs of the value of sixpence, the property of Thomas P. Dabbs, then and there standing and remaining ungathered in a certain field of the said Thomas P. Dabbs there situate, feloniously did steal, take and carry away, against the form of the (497) statute," etc.

The indictment is founded on Bat. Rev., ch. 32, sec. 20, which is as follows: "If any person shall steal or feloniously take or carry away any Indian corn, wheat, rice, or other grain, or any cotton, tobacco, potatoes, peanuts, pulse, or any fruit, vegetable, or other product cultivated for food or market, growing, standing, or remaining ungathered in any field or ground, he shall be deemed guilty of larceny and punished accordingly." The words of the statute, "cultivated for food or market," are omitted in the indictment, and the question is whether that omission is fatal to the indictment on a motion in arrest of judgment. We think it is. The offense charged is not one indictable at common law, but is made so by statute only. Such statutes are strictly construed, and are never so construed as to make any act indictable which is not clearly made so by the statute. Figs are not named in the statute as the subject of larceny, and of course are not so, unless by construction they are included in the words of the statute, "or any fruit, vegetable, or other product." What kind of fruit, vegetable, or other product is meant? The words of the statute immediately following plainly show, to wit, those "cultivated for food or market." So the indictment omits the words of the statute constituting the main ingredient of the offense. Unless the figs are cultivated for food or market they are not the subject of larceny, and an indictment which omits this averment charges no statutory crime and is fatally defective. Proof will not supply the omission in the indictment. Figs are sometimes cultivated, and so are blackberries, but not always. But it was never intended by this statute to make blackberries growing in fence corners or persimmons on a tree standing in an abandoned old field the subject of larceny. Figs sometimes grow in waste places and without cultivation. Even in the present case, if the indictment had (498) been sufficient, the proof would not have sustained it, for although it was in evidence that the figs were used for food, it was also in proof that they were not cultivated. Whether it is necessary in an indictment for stealing corn, wheat, cotton, and other products specifically named in the statute, to aver that they were "cultivated for food or market" it is unnecessary to decide. Figs are not named. It is sufficient to say that it is a well settled general rule that in an indictment for an offense created by statute, it is sufficient to describe the offense in the words of the statute. Where the words of a statute are descriptive of the offense, the indictment should follow the language and expressly charge the described offense on the defendant, so as to bring it within all the material words of the statute. Otherwise it would be defective. Nothing can be taken by intendment. Whart. Am. Cr. Law, sec. 364; Bishop on Stat. Crimes, sec. 425.

There is error.

PER CURIAM. Judgment arrested.

Cited: S. v. Bragg, 86 N.C. 691; S. v. Merritt, 89 N.C. 507; S. v.Deal, 92 N.C. 803; S. v. McIntosh, ib., 796; S. v. Stewart, 93 N.C. 539;S. v. George, ib., 570; S. v. Ballard, 97 N.C. 447; S. v. Whiteacre,98 N.C. 755; S. v. Howe, 100 N.C. 451; S. v. Watkins, 101 N.C. 705;S. v. Burton, 138 N.C. 577; S. v. Beck, 141 N.C. 831; S. v. Connor,142 N.C. 702.

(499)