State v. Black ( 2015 )

An unpublished opinion of the North Carolina Court of Appeals does not constitute
controlling legal authority. Citation is disfavored, but may be permitted in accordance with
the provisions of Rule 30(e)(3) of the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure.
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF NORTH CAROLINA
No. COA15-107
Filed: 6 October 2015
Lincoln County, Nos. 08 CRS 52876-78, 11 CRS 290, 292-94
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
v.
JIMMY DEAN BLACK
Appeal by Defendant from judgments entered 24 July 2014 by Judge Richard
D. Boner in Lincoln County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 26 August
2015.
Attorney General Roy Cooper, by Assistant Attorney General Anne M.
Middleton, for the State.
Michael E. Casterline for Defendant.
STEPHENS, Judge.
Defendant Jimmy Dean Black appeals from the judgments entered upon his
convictions for multiple sex offenses committed against three minor victims,
including his daughter and niece. Black argues that the trial court erred in failing to
dismiss one statutory rape charge for insufficiency of the evidence and in allowing an
expert to testify that his daughter’s normal gynecological exam was “not inconsistent”
STATE V. BLACK
Opinion of the Court
with her allegations. We find no error in the trial court’s denial of Black’s motion to
dismiss. We dismiss his second argument as not properly before us.
Factual and Procedural History
In 2008, Black lived in a rural area of Lincoln County with his wife, a son, and
a daughter, “Dora.”1 Dora, who was born in 1994, and her brother both had special
needs and individualized education plans at school. One of Dora’s special education
classmates, “Sally,” spent the night at Dora’s home several times while the girls were
in middle school. On 6 August 2008, Lincoln County Department of Social Services
(“DSS”) received a report from a mental health case manager that Sally had engaged
in sex with Black at his home. On 8 August 2008, a DSS social worker and a Lincoln
County Sheriff’s Department (“LCSD”) detective interviewed Sally about the report.
Sally acknowledged that she, Black, and Black’s wife had engaged in a sexual
“threesome” and allowed the social worker to make a copy of entries about the
incident from Sally’s journal. When the social worker and detective went to Black’s
home to confront him about the allegation, he denied the incident had occurred.
On 11 August 2008, DSS received a report that Black was sexually abusing
Dora and removed Dora and her brother from Black’s home. On the following day,
both Dora and Sally were interviewed at the Children’s Advocacy Center and
described various sexual offenses that Black had committed against them, both with
1 We use pseudonyms for the victims in this matter in an effort to protect their privacy.
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Opinion of the Court
and without the participation of his wife. On 16 August 2008, the DSS social worker
received a phone call from the mother of “Mary,” one of Dora’s cousins who lived
nearby and spent a lot of time at Black’s home. Mary’s mother told the social worker
that Mary reported a memory of waking up in bed with Black and his wife. When
interviewed, Mary also described two incidents in which Black had sexual intercourse
with her, one of which also involved Black’s wife.
On 18 August 2008, Black was indicted on five offenses committed against
Dora: incest with a child age 14, statutory rape of a child age 14, indecent liberties
with a child under age 16, felony child abuse by sexual act, and felony child abuse
inflicting serious injury. On 21 February 2011, Black was indicted on four additional
charges, these involving crimes committed against Sally: indecent liberties with a
child age 13, 14, or 15; conspiracy to commit statutory rape; and two counts of
statutory rape of a child age 13, 14, or 15. On the same date, the grand jury also
returned indictments charging Black with conspiracy to commit statutory rape,
conspiracy to commit incest, and indecent liberties for his sexual abuse of Mary.
The case came on for trial in July 2014, and all three victims testified about
Black’s sexual abuse of them. The State also presented evidence from, inter alia, the
detective and social worker who investigated the allegations, and from “Tina,” one of
Black’s former neighbors. Tina testified that, when she was fifteen years old, Black
and his wife had given her alcohol and prescription drugs and engaged in a sexual
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STATE V. BLACK
Opinion of the Court
threesome with her, during which Black had vaginal intercourse with Tina. At trial,
Tina stated that she had never told police, social workers, or her parents about the
incident, and Black was apparently never charged for sexually abusing Tina.2 During
trial, the State dismissed the charge of conspiracy to commit incest in connection with
Black’s abuse of Mary, the charge of felony child abuse inflicting serious bodily injury
involving Dora, and one count of statutory rape involving Sally.
Nine charges were submitted to the jury with guilty verdicts returned on each
offense: incest, statutory rape, indecent liberties, and felony child abuse by sexual
act (involving Dora); indecent liberties, conspiracy to commit statutory rape, and
statutory rape (involving Sally); and conspiracy to commit statutory rape and
indecent liberties (involving Mary). The trial court imposed a sentence of 275 to 339
months in prison on Black’s conviction for the statutory rape of Dora, consolidated
the remaining convictions for judgment, and imposed a second sentence of 275 to 339
months to be served at the conclusion of the first sentence. Black gave notice of
appeal in open court.
2 We note that the trial transcript and some documents in the record on appeal reference file numbers
08 CRS 4567, 11 CRS 291, and 11 CRS 295, and one document in the record on appeal includes the
file number 11 CRS 296, but no indictments bearing those file numbers appear in the record. During
jury selection, the trial court described Black as being “charged with various counts of statutory rape,
statutory sex offense, kidnapping, and conspiracy. The alleged victim of these offenses is [Sally]. He’s
also charged with taking indecent liberties and conspiracy to commit the crime involving an alleged
victim [Mary]. And he is charged with indecent liberties—taking indecent liberties, statutory rape,
felony child abuse, and incest; and the alleged victim is [Dora]. And, finally, he’s charged with
possession of a firearm by a felon.” At the close of the State’s evidence, the trial court allowed Black’s
motion to dismiss the firearms charge and also dismissed three charges committed against Sally and
described as part of file 11 CRS 291: statutory rape, “sex act,” and kidnapping.
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STATE V. BLACK
Opinion of the Court
Discussion
Black first argues that the trial court erred in failing to dismiss the charge of
statutory rape involving Dora, contending the State presented no evidence that he
had vaginal intercourse with Dora when she was 14 years old. We disagree.
“This Court reviews the trial court’s denial of a motion to dismiss de novo.”
State v. Smith, 186 N.C. App. 57, 62, 650 S.E.2d 29, 33 (2007) (citation omitted).
“Upon defendant’s motion for dismissal, the question for the Court is whether there
is substantial evidence (1) of each essential element of the offense charged, or of a
lesser offense included therein, and (2) of defendant’s being the perpetrator of such
offense. If so, the motion is properly denied.” State v. Fritsch, 351 N.C. 373, 378, 526
S.E.2d 451, 455 (citation and internal quotation marks omitted), cert. denied, 531
U.S. 890, 148 L. Ed. 2d 150 (2000). “Substantial evidence is such relevant evidence
as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” State v.
Smith, 300 N.C. 71, 78-79, 265 S.E.2d 164, 169 (1980) (citations omitted). “In making
its determination, the trial court must consider all evidence admitted, whether
competent or incompetent, in the light most favorable to the State, giving the State
the benefit of every reasonable inference and resolving any contradictions in its
favor.” State v. Rose, 339 N.C. 172, 192, 451 S.E.2d 211, 223 (1994) (citation omitted),
cert. denied, 515 U.S. 1135, 132 L. Ed. 2d 818 (1995).
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STATE V. BLACK
Opinion of the Court
Under our State’s statutory rape statute, “[a] defendant is guilty of a Class B1
felony if the defendant engages in vaginal intercourse or a sexual act with another
person who is 13, 14, or 15 years old and the defendant is at least six years older than
the person, except when the defendant is lawfully married to the person.” N.C. Gen.
Stat. § 14-27.7A(a) (2013). The indictment against Black for the statutory rape of
Dora specifically alleged that Black had vaginal intercourse with Dora when she was
14 years old. At trial, Dora testified about two incidents in which Black had
intercourse with her, one that took place when she was 12 years old and the other
when she was 14 years old.3 Black does not dispute that his daughter explicitly and
consistently testified that the intercourse that occurred when she was 12 was vaginal.
However, Black argued at trial, and contends on appeal, that Dora’s testimony
regarding her father’s sexual penetration of her when she was 14 makes clear that
the intercourse was anal rather than vaginal. We conclude that, “in the light most
favorable to the State, giving the State the benefit of every reasonable inference and
resolving any contradictions in its favor[,]”Rose, 339 N.C. at 192, 451 S.E.2d at 223,
Dora’s testimony reasonably could support a jury’s conclusion that Black had vaginal
intercourse with his daughter when she was 14 years old. See Fritsch, 351 N.C. at
378, 526 S.E.2d at 455.
3Although Dora testified about both incidents of rape at trial, Black was only charged with statutory
rape of his daughter in connection with the offense committed when Dora was 14 years old.
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STATE V. BLACK
Opinion of the Court
As Black concedes, on direct examination, Dora first testified about his vaginal
intercourse with her at age 12. Dora next testified about the incident when she was
age 14, explaining that Black had entered her room, pulled a condom from his pocket,
and then:
[Dora]: He [Black] told me to get—He told me get on
my hands and knees and look back—face
backwards, and he done the same thing again.
(Emphasis added). Later, when questioned further about the incident when she was
age 14, Dora testified:
Q. What did he do with his penis that had a condom on
it?
A. He put it inside my bum, my . . .
Q. So from your backside?
A. Yeah.
Q. And how did it feel?
A. The same way.
(Emphasis added). In addition, on redirect, the State introduced the transcript of a
hearing from 9 May 2011, for the purpose of corroborating Dora’s trial testimony:
Question: What did your daddy do to you?
Answer: He touched me and molested me twice.
Question: What do you mean by that?
Answer: He put his penis inside my vagina.
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STATE V. BLACK
Opinion of the Court
Question: And when did he do that to you?
Answer: When I was 12.
Question: Okay. And did he do it—was it both times
when you were 12 or were you different ages?
Answer: I was different ages.
Question: Which—Which age were you the first time?
Answer: Twelve.
Question: And which age were you the second time?
Answer: Fourteen.
(Emphasis added).
Based on Fritsch, when considered in the light most favorable to the State and
in view of Dora’s developmental disabilities, a jury could reasonably infer that Dora’s
testimony on direct examination was an attempt to describe Black having vaginal
intercourse with her from behind. See id. Even in the light most favorable to Black,
if read literally, and without regard to Dora’s intellectual disabilities, her testimony
was at best contradictory: on the one hand, she testified that Black did the “the same
thing” in reference to his having vaginal intercourse with her the second time and,
on the other hand, she said he put his penis “inside [her] bum[.]” Such contradictions
are for the jury to resolve. Id. Accordingly, the trial court did not err in failing to
dismiss the charge of statutory rape of Dora.
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STATE V. BLACK
Opinion of the Court
Black next argues the trial court erred in allowing the State’s medical expert
to testify that the absence of physical symptoms during Dora’s sexual assault exam
was not inconsistent with her allegations of sexual abuse by her father. Specifically,
Black contends that the expert’s testimony was (1) irrelevant and (2) offered for the
improper purpose of bolstering Dora’s credibility. Because Black failed to object to
the challenged testimony the first time it was offered at trial and has failed to argue
plain error on appeal, we dismiss this argument.
“In order to preserve a question for appellate review, a party must have
presented the trial court with a timely request, objection or motion, stating the
specific grounds for the ruling sought if the specific grounds are not apparent.” State
v. Eason, 328 N.C. 409, 420, 402 S.E.2d 809, 814 (1991); see also N.C.R. App. P.
10(a)(1). However, in certain circumstances, even an objection timely made at trial
may not preserve an issue for appellate review. For example, a defendant’s failure to
object at trial on the grounds argued on appeal waives the issue for appellate review
even if the defendant objected on other grounds at trial. See State v. Taylor, 128 N.C.
App. 394, 398, 496 S.E.2d 811, 814, affirmed per curiam, 349 N.C. 219, 504 S.E.2d
785 (1998). Further, it is well established that, “[w]here evidence is admitted over
objection and the same evidence has been previously admitted . . . without objection,
the benefit of the objection is lost.” State v. Perry, 159 N.C. App. 30, 36, 582 S.E.2d
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Opinion of the Court
708, 713 (citation and internal quotation marks omitted), disc. review denied, 357
N.C. 510, 588 S.E.2d 469 (2003).
Here, Black challenges the following exchange, which occurred during the
State’s redirect examination of Jodi Cuciniello, M.D., who performed a sexual assault
exam on Dora on 15 August 2008 and who was accepted at trial as an expert on such
exams:
[The State:] Your examination was not inconsistent
with the allegations—
[Defense Counsel]: Well, objection to that question.
THE COURT: Overruled.
[The State:] Your examination was not inconsistent
with [Dora’s] allegations; isn’t that
correct?
[Cuciniello:] Was not inconsistent with [Dora’s]
allegations. I did not see any—I’m
trying to think—Her exam was a
normal exam, which is not unusual,
whether she had been abused, because
it’s not unusual to have a normal exam
when I do these exams, even if there
has been abuse for years and years
because the area just heals so quickly.
We first note that Black offered only a general objection to the State’s question,
without specifying the grounds for the ruling he sought, and, given that Black argues
two different bases for inadmissibility on appeal, we cannot say that the specific
grounds for his objection were apparent. See Eason, 328 N.C. at 420, 402 S.E.2d at
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STATE V. BLACK
Opinion of the Court
814. More critically, however, our review of the transcript reveals that Black did not
object when Cuciniello offered virtually identical testimony on direct examination:
Q. So when you examined [Dora], did you see any acute
trauma at that time?
A. No. She had a completely normal exam.
Q. And did you expect to find acute trauma?
A. No, not in this case.
Q. Okay. And why not?
A. Because this has been from my understanding, what
I had been told, the concern, this had been going on
for quite some time. And it just heals so quickly that
I didn’t anticipate to seeing anything.
Q. So that would be not inconsistent with what was
reported to you; is that correct?
A. That’s correct.
Because “the same evidence ha[d] been previously admitted . . . without objection, the
benefit of the objection [to Cuciniello’s testimony on redirect examination] is lost.”
See Perry, 159 N.C. App. at 36, 582 S.E.2d at 713. An issue not properly preserved
for appellate review “may be made the basis of an issue presented on appeal when
the judicial action questioned is specifically and distinctly contended to amount to
plain error.” N.C.R. App. P. 10(a)(4). However, where a defendant fails to argue plain
error, the “issue has been waived on appeal and [must be] dismissed.” State v. Wright,
210 N.C. App. 697, 703, 709 S.E.2d 471, 475 (citation omitted), disc. review denied,
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Opinion of the Court
365 N.C. 332, 717 S.E.2d 394 (2011). Black does not argue plain error on appeal.
Accordingly, we dismiss his argument regarding Cuciniello’s testimony.
NO ERROR IN PART; DISMISSED IN PART.
Judges MCCULLOUGH and ZACHARY concur.
Report per Rule 30(e).
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