Com. v. Pinkney, S. ( 2014 )

J-S60037-14
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
SADE RENEE PINKNEY
Appellant No. 549 MDA 2014
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence March 11, 2014
In the Court of Common Pleas of Montour County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-47-CR-00149-2013
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
SADE RENEE PINKNEY
Appellant No. 550 MDA 2014
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence March 11, 2014
In the Court of Common Pleas of Montour County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-47-CR-0000150-2013
BEFORE: OTT, J., STABILE, J., and JENKINS, J.
MEMORANDUM BY JENKINS, J.: FILED DECEMBER 02, 2014
Sade Renee Pinkney (“Appellant”) appeals from the concurrent
judgments of sentence of 27 months to 54 months of incarceration for two
aggravated assault convictions. Appellant argues her sentence is excessive
because the trial court failed to properly consider certain mitigating factors.
We affirm the judgments of sentence.
J-S60037-14
The factual backdrop of the instant matter is not material to our
disposition of the issues. We summarize the pertinent procedural history
below.
On February 18, 2014, Appellant entered a guilty plea in the Montour
County Court of Common Pleas to two counts of aggravated assault arising
from two separate incidents at Danville Center for Adult Females, a facility
for juveniles adjudicated delinquent. Trial Court Opinion, 5/27/2014 (“Trial
Court Opinion”), at 1. On March 11, 2014, the trial court sentenced her to
27 months to 54 months of incarceration for the first count of aggravated
assault.1 Id. That same day, the trial court sentenced Appellant to 27
months to 54 months of incarceration on the second count of aggravated
assault to run concurrently with the sentence on the first count. Id.
On March 27, 2014, Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal. On April
4, 2014, the trial court directed Appellant to file her statement of matters
complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). On April 23, 2014,
she timely filed her 1925(b) statement.
Appellant raises the following two issues for our review:
[I.] Did the court fail to consider all mitigating factors specific to
the defendant and individualize sentence based upon the
characteristics of the defendant?
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1
The parties waived a pre-sentence investigation report. Trial Court
Opinion, at 1. The parties completed a criminal record check and entered
into the record a “specification of [] prior criminal history and sentencing
guidelines forms.” Id.
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[II.] Did the [c]ourt err[] in failing to sentence in the mitigated
range?
Appellant’s Brief at 3. Both of Appellant’s issues raise challenges to the
discretionary aspects of her sentence. As such, we address them together.
Challenges to the discretionary aspects of sentencing do not
entitle an appellant to review as of right. Commonwealth v.
Sierra, 752 A.2d 910, 912 (Pa.Super.2000). An appellant
challenging the discretionary aspects of his sentence must
invoke this Court’s jurisdiction by satisfying a four-part test:
We conduct a four-part analysis to determine: (1) whether
appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal, see Pa.R.A.P.
902 and 903; (2) whether the issue was properly
preserved at sentencing or in a motion to reconsider and
modify sentence, see Pa.R.Crim.P. 720; (3) whether
appellant’s brief has a fatal defect, Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and
(4) whether there is a substantial question that the
sentence appealed from is not appropriate under the
Sentencing Code, 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b).
Commonwealth v. Evans, 901 A.2d 528, 533 (Pa.Super.2006),
appeal denied, 589 Pa. 727, 909 A.2d 303 (2006). Objections to
the discretionary aspects of a sentence are generally waived if
they are not raised at the sentencing hearing or in a motion to
modify the sentence imposed. Commonwealth v. Mann, 820
A.2d 788, 794 (Pa.Super.2003), appeal denied, 574 Pa. 759,
831 A.2d 599 (2003).
The determination of what constitutes a substantial question
must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Commonwealth v.
Paul, 925 A.2d 825, 828 (Pa.Super.2007). A substantial
question exists “only when the appellant advances a colorable
argument that the sentencing judge’s actions were either: (1)
inconsistent with a specific provision of the Sentencing Code; or
(2) contrary to the fundamental norms which underlie the
sentencing process.” Sierra, supra at 912–13. Commonwealth
v. Moury, 992 A.2d 162, 170 (Pa.Super.2010).
Commonwealth v. Griffin, 65 A.3d 932, 935 (Pa.Super.2013), appeal
denied, 76 A.3d 538 (Pa.2013).
Regarding sentencing guidelines, this Court has explained:
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Section 9781(c) specifically defines three instances in which the
appellate courts should vacate a sentence and remand: (1) the
sentencing court applied the guidelines erroneously; (2) the
sentence falls within the guidelines, but is “clearly unreasonable”
based on the circumstances of the case; and (3) the sentence
falls outside of the guidelines and is “unreasonable.” 42 Pa.C.S.
§ 9781(c). Under 42 Pa.C.S. § 9781(d), the appellate courts
must review the record and consider the nature and
circumstances of the offense, the sentencing court’s
observations of the defendant, the findings that formed the basis
of the sentence, and the sentencing guidelines. The . . .
weighing of factors under 42 Pa.C.S. § 9721(b) [is] exclusively
for the sentencing court, and an appellate court could not
substitute its own weighing of those factors. The primary
consideration, therefore, is whether the court imposed an
individualized sentence, and whether the sentence was
nonetheless unreasonable for sentences falling outside the
guidelines, or clearly unreasonable for sentences falling within
the guidelines, pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 9781(c).
Commonwealth v. Bricker, 41 A.3d 872, 875-76 (Pa.Super.2012) (some
citations omitted).
A sentencing court need not undertake a lengthy discourse for
its reasons for imposing a sentence or specifically reference the
statute in question, but the record as a whole must reflect the
sentencing court’s consideration of the facts of the crime and
character of the offender.
Commonwealth v. Crump, 995 A.2d 1280, 1283 (Pa.Super.2010).
Here, although Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal, she failed to
preserve her discretionary aspects of sentencing claims at sentencing and
did not file post-sentence motions. Accordingly, these claims are waived.
See Commonwealth v. Cartrette, 83 A.3d 1030, 1042-43
(Pa.Super.2013) (finding discretionary aspects of sentence claims waived
where not preserved in post-sentence motion or a sentencing).
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Additionally, the Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) statement included in Appellant’s
brief does not explain what specific provision of the sentencing code or
fundamental norm underlying the sentencing process the trial court violated
but, instead, merely claims the court erred in failing to consider certain
mitigating factors in imposing her sentence. See Appellant’s Brief, p. 7. As
such, the statement is insufficient. Commonwealth v. Mastromarino, 2
A.3d 581, 585-86 (Pa.Super.2010) (“At a minimum, the Rule 2119(f)
statement must articulate what particular provision of the code is violated,
what fundamental norms the sentence violates, and the manner in which it
violates that norm.”).
Further, even had Appellant properly preserved her claims and filed a
compliant 2119(f) statement, the claims fail to raise a substantial question
for our review. “[T]his Court has held on numerous occasions that a claim of
inadequate consideration of mitigating factors does not raise a substantial
question for review.” Bullock, 868 A.2d at 529 (internal citations omitted);
see also Commonwealth v. Johnson, 961 A.2d 877, 880
(Pa.Super.2008). Additionally, “a claim of excessiveness that is raised
against a sentence within the statutory limits fails to raise a substantial
question as a matter of law.” Commonwealth v. Mouzon, 812 A.2d 617,
623 (Pa.2002). As such, her mitigating factors claim and her claim that the
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court should have sentenced her in the mitigated range of the sentencing
guidelines2 each fail to raise a substantial question for review.
Finally, even if we determined Appellant had raised substantial
questions for review, Appellant’s discretionary aspects of sentence claims
lack merit. This Court reviews sentencing determinations as follows:
. . . [S]entencing is vested in the discretion of the trial
court, and will not be disturbed absent a manifest abuse of that
discretion. An abuse of discretion involves a sentence which was
manifestly unreasonable, or which resulted from partiality,
prejudice, bias or ill will. It is more than just an error in
judgment.
Commonwealth v. Malovich, 903 A.2d 1247, 1252-53 (Pa.Super.2006)
(citations omitted).
Our review of the sentencing transcript reveals that the court acted
within its discretion. The trial court imposed a sentence that was consistent
with the protection of the public, took into account the gravity of the offense
as it related to the impact on the life of the victim and on the community,
and considered Appellant’s rehabilitative needs, as required by 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 9721(b). Contrary to Appellant’s assertions, the trial court did consider
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2
We also note that Appellant failed to develop this bald excessiveness claim
in her brief. See Appellant’s Brief, pp. 8-10. This is yet one more reason
this Court can find waiver of this issue. See Commonwealth v. Berry, 887
A.2d 479, 485 (Pa.Super.2005) (“issues that are not supported by citations
to the record and to pertinent legal authority are waived.”); see also
Commonwealth v. Reyes, 870 A.2d 894 n.3 (Pa.2000) (on appeal, courts
review only claims asserted with specificity).
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her troubled youth in sentencing her to a standard range sentence,
concluding that, “in the end, the sentencing court did not find that the
mitigating factors outweighed [Appellant’s] prior record score or otherwise
warranted a deviation from the standard range.” See Trial Court Opinion, p.
2; see also Commonwealth v. Moury, 992 A.2d 162, 171
(Pa.Super.2010) (“where a sentence is within the standard range of the
guidelines, Pennsylvania law views the sentence as appropriate under the
Sentencing Code.”). We find no abuse of trial court discretion in the instant
sentences.
Judgments of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 12/2/2014
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