STATE OF NEW JERSEY VS. SHAUN M. KENNEDY (17-02-0459, CAMDEN COUNTY AND STATEWIDE) ( 2021 )

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the
internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-4542-19
STATE OF NEW JERSEY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
SHAUN M. KENNEDY,
Defendant-Appellant.
_______________________
Submitted September 15, 2021 – Decided November 22, 2021
Before Judges Hoffman and Susswein.
On appeal before the Superior Court of New Jersey,
Law Division, Camden County, Indictment No. 17-02-
0459.
Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney for
appellant ( Karen A. Lodeserto, Designated Counsel, on
the brief).
Jill S. Mayer, Acting Camden County Prosecutor,
attorney for respondent (Linda A. Shashoua, Special
Deputy Attorney General/Acting Assistant Prosecutor,
of counsel and on the brief).
PER CURIAM
Defendant appeals from a January 31, 2020 order denying his petition for
post-conviction relief (PCR) without an evidentiary hearing. After carefully
reviewing the record, we affirm.
Defendant was indicted in connection with the October 2014 armed
robbery of a Dunkin' Donuts store. Defendant served as the driver to and from
the crime scene. In June 2017, defendant pled guilty to second-degree
conspiracy to commit robbery 1 in exchange for the State's agreement to dismiss
the remaining counts of the indictment charging first-degree robbery and related
weapons offenses.
Prior to sentencing, defendant sought to withdraw his guilty plea, arguing
that his original counsel failed to provide him with discovery materials and
pressured him to plead guilty. Due to the nature of those allegations, defendant's
original counsel was replaced, and a new attorney represented him on the motion
to withdraw the guilty plea. Judge Gwendolyn Blue denied the defendant's
motion and found that defendant had "buyer's remorse." Judge Blue sentenced
defendant in accordance with the plea agreement to an eight-year prison term
subject to the No Early Release Act (NERA), N.J.S.A. 2C:43-7.2. Subsequently,
1
The codefendant with whom defendant conspired, Mark O'Connor, pled guilty
to robbery and is not a party to this appeal.
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we affirmed the sentence on the Sentencing Oral Argument (SOA) calendar
"without prejudice to defendant's right to file a timely application for post -
conviction relief."
Following this court's decision, defendant filed a PCR application.
Defendant argued that his counsel rendered ineffective assistance by (1) failing
to notify him that he was subject to NERA and that NERA requires a parole
ineligibility term, (2) allowing him to plead guilty while under the influence of
Suboxone and heroin, and (3) failing to file motions to suppress defendant's
video-recorded statement to police and physical evidence recovered during a
consent search of his vehicle. Judge Blue determined that all of defendant's
claims were procedurally barred, and even if not barred failed to satisfy the
requirements under Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984).
Accordingly, Judge Blue denied defendant's PCR application without an
evidentiary hearing.
Defendant raises the following contentions for our consideration:
POINT ONE
THE PCR COURT ERRED IN DENYING MR.
KENNEDY'S PETITION FOR POST-CONVICTION
RELIEF WITHOUT AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING
AS TESTIMONY IS NEEDED FROM PRIOR
COUNSEL EXPLAINING WHY HE ALLOWED HIS
CLIENT TO PROCEED WITH THE PLEA HEARING
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WHEN HE KNEW MR. KENNEDY WAS UNDER
THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS ILLICIT
SUBSTANCES, AND WAS PRESSURING HIM TO
PLEAD GUILTY, AND KNEW MR. KENNEDY WAS
NOT AWARE HE WAS SUBJECT TO NERA.
POINT TWO
THE PCR COURT ERRED IN DENYING MR,
KENNEDY'S PETITION FOR POST-CONVICTION
RELIEF WITHOUT AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING
AS TESTIMONY IS NEEDED FROM PRIOR
COUNSEL TO EXPLAIN WHY HE FAILED TO FILE
A MOTION TO CHALLENGE THE ILLEGAL
ARREST OF HIS CLIENT.
POINT THREE
THE PCR COURT ERRED IN DENYING MR.
KENNEDY'S PETITION FOR POST-CONVICTION
RELIEF WITHOUT AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING
AS TESTIMONY IS NEEDED FROM PRIOR
COUNSEL TO EXPLAIN WHY HE FAILED TO FILE
A MOTION TO SUPPRESS MR. KENNEDY'S
STATEMENT TO POLICE AS MR. KENNEDY WAS
ALSO IMPAIRED WHEN HE SPOKE WITH THEM.
POINT FOUR
THE PCR COURT ERRED IN DENYING MR,
KENNEDY'S PETITION FOR POST-CONVICTION
RELIEF WITHOUT AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING
AS TESTIMONY IS NEEDED FROM PRIOR
COUNSEL TO EXPLAIN WHY HE FAILED TO FILE
A MOTION TO SUPPRESS THE ITEMS FOUND IN
MR. KENNEDY'S CAR AND HOME AS HE WAS
IMPAIRED AND UNABLE TO PROVIDE A VALID
CONSENT TO SEARCH
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Judge Blue carefully reviewed defendant's PCR arguments and rendered
a comprehensive decision on the record. We affirm substantially for the reasons
explained in her thorough and thoughtful oral opinion. Accordingly, we need
not re-address defendant's arguments at length. We add the following
comments.
The State argues that defendant's PCR claims are procedurally barred
under State v. Mitchell, 126 N.J. 565 (1992), because his contentions were not
raised on direct appeal. Judge Blue agreed that defendant's PCR contentions
were procedurally barred but nonetheless addressed them on the merits. We too
address defendant's PCR claims on the merits in view of our SOA order that
expressly stated that our affirmance was "without prejudice to defendant's right
to file a timely application for post-conviction relief."
Both the Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution and Article
1, paragraph 10 of the State Constitution guarantee the right to effective
assistance of counsel at all stages of criminal proceedings. Strickland, 466 U.S.
at 686 (citing McMann v. Richardson, 397 U.S. 759, 771 n.14 (1970)). In order
to demonstrate ineffectiveness of counsel, "[f]irst, the defendant must show that
counsel's performance was deficient. . . . [s]econd, the defendant must show that
the deficient performance prejudiced the defense." Id. at 687. In State v. Fritz,
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our Supreme Court adopted the two-part test articulated in Strickland. 105 N.J.
42, 58 (1987).
To meet the first prong of the Strickland test, a defendant must show "that
counsel made errors so serious that counsel was not functioning as the 'counsel'
guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment." 466 U.S. at 687. Reviewing courts
indulge in a "strong presumption that counsel's conduct falls within the wide
range of reasonable professional assistance." Id. at 689. The fact that a trial
strategy fails to obtain the optimal outcome for a defendant is insufficient to
show that counsel was ineffective. State v. DiFrisco, 174 N.J. 195, 220 (2002)
(citing State v. Bey, 161 N.J. 233, 251 (1999)).
The second prong of the Strickland test requires the defendant to show
"that counsel's errors were so serious as to deprive the defendant of a fair trial,
a trial whose result is reliable." Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687. Put differently,
counsel's errors must create a "reasonable probability" that the outcome of the
proceedings would have been different if counsel had not made the errors. Id.
at 694. The second Strickland prong is particularly demanding: "the error
committed must be so serious as to undermine the court's confidence in the jury's
verdict or the result reached." State v. Allegro, 193 N.J. 352, 367 (2008)
(quoting State v. Castagna, 187 N.J. 293, 315 (2006)). Furthermore, to set aside
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a guilty plea based on ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must show
"there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's errors, [the defendant]
would not have pled guilty and would have insisted on going to trial." State v.
DiFrisco, 137 N.J. 434, 457 (1994). This "is an exacting standard." State v.
Gideon, 244 N.J. 538, 551 (2021) (quoting Allegro, 193 N.J. at 367). "Prejudice
is not to be presumed," but must be affirmatively proven by the defendant. Ibid.(citing Fritz, 105 N.J. at 52; Strickland, 466 U.S. at 693).
Short of obtaining immediate relief, a defendant may establish that an
evidentiary hearing is warranted to develop the factual record in connection with
an ineffective assistance claim. State v. Preciose, 129 N.J. 451, 462–63 (1992).
A defendant is entitled to an evidentiary hearing only when (1) he or she is able
to prove a prima facie case of ineffective assistance of counsel, (2) there are
material issues of disputed fact that must be resolved with evidence outside of
the record, and (3) the hearing is necessary to resolve the claims for relief. R.
3:22-10(b). A defendant must "do more than make bald assertions that he was
denied the effective assistance of counsel" to establish a prima facie case
entitling him to an evidentiary hearing. State v. Cummings, 321 N.J. Super.
154, 170 (App. Div. 1999). To meet the burden of proving a prima facie case,
a defendant must show a reasonable likelihood of success under both prongs of
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the Strickland test. Preciose, 129 N.J. at 463. We "view the facts in the light
most favorable to a defendant to determine whether a defendant has established
a prima facie claim." Ibid.Applying these legal principles to the case before us, we agree with the
PCR judge that defendant failed to establish the grounds for an evidentiary
hearing, much less the Strickland/Fritz standard to vacate his guilty plea. As
Judge Blue aptly noted, the plea form and comprehensive plea colloquy refutes
defendant's bald assertion that he did not understand the sentencing
consequences of his plea or that he had been pressured by his attorney to waive
his right to trial.
Judge Blue, who presided over the plea hearing, also determined there was
"absolutely no evidence" that defendant was under the influence of drugs or
alcohol when the guilty plea was entered. The judge stressed that defendant did
not appear to be intoxicated and denied being under the influence when that
standard question was posed during the plea colloquy. Defendant also denied
under oath that he had been pressured to plead guilty. The record thus clearly
establishes that defendant knowingly and voluntarily pled guilty.
As to defendant's contention that counsel rendered ineffective assistance
by not filing suppression motions, Judge Blue properly determined that
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defendant's arguments are meritless and that any such pretrial motions would
have been denied. Judge Blue viewed the video recording of the stationhouse
custodial interrogation and found that defendant appeared to be alert; there was
no indication he was under the influence of alcohol or drugs, sleep-deprived, or
otherwise visibly impaired as to render his confession involuntary, as he now
claims. So too there is no evidence in the record to suggest that defendant's
mental faculties were impaired when he gave consent to search his vehicle
shortly before his arrest and stationhouse interrogation.
As to defendant's claim that the police did not have probable cause to
arrest, Judge Blue noted that defendant's girlfriend gave a statement to police
implicating him in the robbery. That statement, coupled with the mask and knife
found in defendant's vehicle, provided ample probable cause to believe
defendant participated in the crime. We stress that "[i]t is not ineffective
assistance of counsel for defense counsel not to file a meritless motion." State
v. O'Neal, 190 N.J. 601, 619 (2007); see also State v. Worlock, 117 N.J. 596,
625, 569 A.2d 1314 (1990) (“The failure to raise unsuccessful legal arguments
does not constitute ineffective assistance of counsel.”). Finally, we agree with
Judge Blue that defendant failed to establish that he would not have pled guilty
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but for counsel's failure to file suppression motions. See DiFrisco, 137 N.J. at
457.
To the extent we have not specifically addressed them, any remaining
arguments raised by defendant lack sufficient merit to warrant discussion. R.
2:11-3(e)(2).
Affirmed.
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