STATE OF NEW JERSEY VS. HARPAL SINGH (11-06-0923, MIDDLESEX COUNTY AND STATEWIDE) ( 2020 )

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the
internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-4489-18T2
STATE OF NEW JERSEY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
HARPAL SINGH,
Defendant-Appellant.
_________________________
Submitted November 16, 2020 – Decided December 3, 2020
Before Judges Rothstadt and Mayer.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
Division, Middlesex County, Indictment No. 11-06-
0923.
Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney for
appellant (Kisha M. Hebbon, Designated Counsel, on
the brief).
Yolanda Ciccone, Middlesex County Prosecutor,
attorney for respondent (Patrick F. Galdieri, II,
Assistant Prosecutor, of counsel and on the brief).
PER CURIAM
Defendant appeals from the denial of his petition for post-conviction relief
(PCR) without an evidentiary hearing. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.
Following a jury trial, defendant was convicted of first-degree aggravated
manslaughter, N.J.S.A. 2C:11-4(a); first-degree felony murder, N.J.S.A. 2C:11-
3A(3); first-degree robbery, N.J.S.A. 2C:15-1; second-degree aggravated arson,
N.J.S.A. 2C:17-1A; and third-degree hindering an investigation, N.J.S.A.
2C:29-3B(4). On December 23, 2013, the trial court sentenced defendant to an
aggregate term of life in prison subject to the No Early Release Act, N.J.S.A.
2C:43-7.2.
Defendant filed a direct appeal and argued that the trial court
impermissibly excluded testimony, deprived him of a fair trial by permitting the
State to enter graphic photographs of the victim, committed reversible error by
instructing the jury that defendant's flight could be indicative of guilt, and th at
cumulative errors denied him a fair trial. Defendant also challenged his sentence
as being excessive, unduly punitive, and not in accord with New Jersey's
sentencing guidelines. In a supplemental brief, he also argued that he was
denied his Sixth Amendment right because of the ineffective assistance of
counsel (IAC).
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In an unpublished opinion, we "declin[ed] to address defendant's . . .
argument about [IAC], without prejudice to his right to raise that claim in a
petition for [PCR]," rejected each of defendant's other arguments, and affirmed
his convictions and sentence. State v. Singh, No. A-3203-13 (App. Div. Jan. 23,
2017) (slip op. at 3–10). On September 6, 2017, the New Jersey Supreme Court
denied defendant's petition for certification. State v. Singh, 230 N.J. 560 (2017).
The facts underlying defendant's conviction were set forth in our prior
opinion and need not be repeated here. Singh, slip op. at 4–5. It is sufficient to
state that defendant was acquainted with the victim, went to the victim's home,
robbed her of her jewelry, killed her, and set the home on fire. Ibid.
Defendant filed a PCR petition on June 15, 2018 claiming IAC. In his pro
se petition, defendant raised issues about unidentified "newly discover[ed]
evidence," his wife testifying against him and being transported to court by the
State, and IAC "during motions at trial." In a brief filed on his behalf, defendant
argued that his trial counsel was ineffective because he failed to conduct a proper
investigation and did not prepare for trial.
As to the lack of investigation, defendant argued that "on numerous
occasions, [he] suggested that trial counsel undertake some investigation in t his
case" and that "counsel was deficient and ineffective when he did not conduct
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adequate investigation of the facts and circumstances of the case rather he relied
solely on his trial abilities to raise reasonable doubt with the jury." According
to defendant, trial counsel "failed to investigate, failed to argue and failed to
present to the court the issues in such [a] way as to effectively and properly
represent him." He also contended that there was a "reasonable probability" that
his argument trial counsel's deficient performance affected the outcome of his
trial was "at least as plausible" as the defendant's allegations in State v. Preciose,
129 N.J. 451 (1992). Finally, defendant argued that he was entitled to an
evidentiary hearing because "it [was] imperative in this PCR to complete the
record and have [defendant] and counsel testify as to why trial attorney did not
investigate this case and how that affected the outcome."
On April 8, 2019, Judge Diane Pincus considered counsels' oral arguments
on defendant's petition. At the hearing, PCR counsel argued that there were
"certain investigations" that trial counsel should have conducted but did not
conduct. He argued that an evidentiary hearing where defendant and his trial
counsel would "take the stand and articulate what occurred, what [defendant]
wanted to occur, what didn't happen, and perhaps why [trial counsel] didn't do
that," was necessary to "resolve the issues" raised by defendant. In opposition,
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the State argued that defendant did not meet the two-prong standard set forth
under Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984).
On April 10, 2019, the judge issued a written decision denying the petition
without an evidentiary hearing. Judge Pincus rejected defendant's argument that
his trial counsel was constitutionally ineffective and found that to the contrary,
his counsel "pursued a vigorous defense." Specifically, trial counsel stressed
the lack of forensic evidence linking defendant to the crime, aggressively cross -
examined the State's witnesses, and suggested other suspects could be
responsible, including the victim's husband and son. As to the victim's husband,
defendant's trial counsel "attempted to proffer expert testimony regarding the
cultural phenomenon of dowry murders in India, which trial counsel argued
provided a motive for the victim's husband to murder her," although the judge
denied admission of the testimony. As to the victim's son, trial counsel
highlighted the son's lies to his mother on the day of the murder and a potential
"blow up" between the two.
As to defendant's argument that trial counsel failed to conduct an
investigation, the judge explained that trial counsel conducted "an independent
investigation . . . with the assistance of a private investigator, and zealously
defended [defendant]." The judge found that trial counsel was "prepared and
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well versed" in the facts. The judge concluded defendant failed to satisfy the
first prong of Strickland because he did not show that "trial counsel's
performance was so deficient that he was not functioning in a way guaranteed
by the Sixth Amendment."
Moreover, as to Strickland's second prong, the judge found that defendant
failed to allege "any facts or evidence that a more thorough investigation would
have revealed," and also failed to "specif[y] how such an investigation would
have affected the result of the trial." She characterized his allegations as "bald
assertions" of IAC and concluded that he failed to satisfy the second prong of
Strickland. According to Judge Pincus, "[defendant] ha[d] not shown that had
trial counsel conducted a more extensive investigation, the result of the
proceeding would have been different." She then concluded defendant "failed
to show a prima facie case that he was denied effective assistance of counsel ."
This appeal followed.
On appeal, defendant presents the following issues for our consideration:
POINT I
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DENYING
DEFENDANT'S PETITION FOR [PCR] WITHOUT
AFFORDING HIM AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING
TO DETERMINE THE MERITS OF HIS
CONTENTION THAT HE WAS DENIED THE
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RIGHT TO THE EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF
TRIAL COUNSEL.
A. THE PREVAILING LEGAL PRINCIPLES
REGARDING CLAIMS OF [IAC], EVIDENTIARY
HEARINGS AND PETITIONS FOR [PCR].
B. TRIAL COUNSEL RENDERED
INEFFECTIVE LEGAL REPRESENTATION BY
VIRTUE OF HIS FAILURE TO THOROUGHLY
INVESTIGATE ALL POSSIBLE DEFENSES AND
TO ADEQUATELY PREPARE FOR TRIAL.
C. DEFENDANT IS ENTITLED TO A
REMAND TO THE TRIAL COURT TO AFFORD
HIM AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING TO
DETERMINE THE MERITS OF HIS CONTENTION
THAT HE WAS DENIED THE EFFECTIVE
ASSISTANCE OF TRIAL COUNSEL.
We are not persuaded by defendant's arguments. We affirm substantially
for the reasons expressed by Judge Pincus in her thorough written decision.
To establish a PCR claim of IAC, a defendant must satisfy the two-
pronged test formulated in Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687, and adopted by our
Supreme Court in State v. Fritz, 105 N.J. 42, 58 (1987), first by "showing that
counsel made errors so serious that counsel was not functioning as the 'counsel'
guaranteed . . . by the Sixth Amendment." Fritz, 105 N.J. at 52 (quoting
Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687). Second, the defendant must then prove he suffered
prejudice due to counsel's deficient performance. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687,
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691–92. Defendant must show by a "reasonable probability" that the deficient
performance affected the outcome. Fritz, 105 N.J. at 58.
The mere raising of a claim for PCR does not entitle the defendant to an
evidentiary hearing. State v. Cummings, 321 N.J. Super. 154, 170 (App. Div.
1999). A defendant is only entitled to an evidentiary hearing when he "has
presented a prima facie [case] in support of [PCR]," meaning that a defendant
must demonstrate "a reasonable likelihood that his . . . claim will ultimately
succeed on the merits." State v. Marshall, 148 N.J. 89, 158 (1997) (first
alteration in original) (quoting Preciose, 129 N.J. at 463).
"[I]n order to establish a prima facie claim, a [defendant] must do more
than make bald assertions that he was denied the effective assistance of counsel."
Cummings, 321 N.J. Super. at 170. A defendant must allege specific facts
sufficient to support a prima facie claim. Ibid. The relevant facts must be shown
through "affidavits or certifications based upon the personal knowledge of the
affiant or the person making the certification." Ibid.; see also R. 3:22-10(c);
State v. Jones, 219 N.J. 298, 312 (2014).
Here, defendant did not present a prima facie case of IAC to support his
petition and was therefore not entitled to an evidentiary hearing. First, defendant
did not meet the first prong because he did not demonstrate that his trial
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counsel's performance was deficient. On appeal, he argues that he was denied
effective assistance of counsel because his trial counsel failed to conduct a
thorough investigation into the facts and circumstances of the case. However,
defendant never specified which facts and circumstances should have been
investigated, what trial counsel should have done a better job of investigating,
or what could have been discovered through further investigation and how that
would have affected the outcome of the trial.
Defendant's arguments are also belied by the record. As highlighted by
Judge Pincus, defendant's trial counsel investigated the case and worked with a
private investigator. Using information from the investigator, trial counsel also
proposed other suspects to the jury, namely the victim's husband and son. Trial
counsel investigated the incriminating surveillance video and highlighted that
the victim's son was also driving in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.
Moreover, trial counsel attempted to present testimony from the investigator
regarding "dowry murders," albeit unsuccessfully, that allegedly would have
demonstrated that the victim's husband had a motive. Additionally, trial counsel
highlighted lies the victim's son told her the day of the murder to cast doubt on
defendant's guilt.
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Under these circumstances, defendant did not establish that counsel was
deficient as required by Strickland's first prong. Moreover, without specifically
identifying what more counsel could have done, defendant could not establish
the prejudice required by Strickland's second prong. Defendant's arguments to
the contrary were supported only by "bald assertions," of IAC, which are not
sufficient to establish a prima facie claim as required for an evidentiary hearing.
Accordingly, Judge Pincus correctly concluded that an evidentiary hearing was
not warranted.
Affirmed.
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