State v. Harrison ( 2012 )

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1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,
3 Plaintiff-Appellee,
4 v. No. 31,681
5 PHILLIP ED HARRISON,
6 Defendant-Appellant.
7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF LEA COUNTY
8 Gary L. Clingman, District Judge
9 Gary K. King, Attorney General
10 Santa Fe, NM
11 for Appellee
12 Jacqueline L. Cooper, Chief Public Defender
13 Eleanor Brogan, Assistant Appellate Defender
14 Santa Fe, NM
15 for Appellant
16 MEMORANDUM OPINION
17 BUSTAMANTE, Judge.
1 Defendant claims that the district court erred in denying his motion to withdraw
2 his plea based upon his counsel’s ineffective assistance. [MIO 1, 5-13; DS
3 unnumbered page 4] We proposed to affirm in a notice of proposed summary
4 disposition, and pursuant to an extension, Defendant filed a timely memorandum in
5 opposition. After reviewing Defendant’s memorandum in opposition, we remain
6 unpersuaded by his arguments and thus affirm the district court’s order denying
7 Defendant’s motion to withdraw his plea and affirm Defendant’s convictions.
8 Defendant pled no contest to charges of attempt to commit second degree
9 murder, aggravated assault (deadly weapon), and attempt to commit aggravated
10 battery (deadly weapon). [RP 103-107 (all references to the record proper are from
11 CR 2010-377)] He was sentenced to a total of twelve and a half years followed by
12 two years of parole. [RP 132-135] On the aggravated assault conviction, Defendant
13 was sentenced to a term of eighteen months followed by a year of parole. [RP 133]
14 The offense was enhanced by four years due to Defendant’s status as an habitual
15 offender. [RP 133] The district court also found that, due to the nature of the offense
16 and the resulting harm, the aggravated assault was a serious violent offense, and thus
17 under the Earned Meritorious Deductions Act (“EMDA”), NMSA 1978, Section
18 33-2-34 (2006), Defendant’s meritorious deductions, or “good time credit” could not
19 exceed a maximum of four days per month of time served. [RP 133] See § 33-2-34
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1 (L)(4)(o) (listing fourth degree aggravated assault as an offense that may qualify as
2 a serious violent offense under the EMDA).
3 Defendant sought to set aside his no contest plea to the aggravated assault
4 charge because he claimed that he had repeatedly informed counsel that he did not
5 want to plead to a count that could be potentially classified as a serious violent
6 offense. [RP 121, 138, 142; MIO 3; DS 3] He claims that counsel was ineffective
7 because counsel never informed Defendant that his conviction for aggravated assault
8 had the potential to qualify as a serious violent offense, and thus he is entitled to set
9 aside his no contest plea to the aggravated assault charge. [RP 121, 138, 142; MIO
10 3, 5-13; DS 3]
11 “The test for ineffective assistance of counsel is whether defense counsel
12 exercised the skill of a reasonably competent attorney.” State v. Aker,
13 2005-NMCA-063, ¶ 34, 137 N.M. 561, 113 P.3d 384. “To establish a prima facie
14 case of ineffective assistance of counsel, Defendant must show that (1) counsel’s
15 performance was deficient in that it ‘fell below an objective standard of
16 reasonableness’; and (2) that Defendant suffered prejudice in that there is ‘a
17 reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the
18 proceeding would have been different.’” Id. (quoting Lytle v. Jordan,
19 2001-NMSC-016, ¶¶ 26-27, 130 N.M. 198, 22 P.3d 666 (internal quotation marks
3
1 omitted)). We review the district court’s denial of Defendant’s motion to withdraw
2 his plea for abuse of discretion. See State v. Paredez, 2004-NMSC-036, ¶ 5, 136 N.M.
3 533, 101 P.3d 799.
4 In our notice of proposed summary disposition, we proposed to affirm. We
5 assumed it was undisputed that Defendant’s counsel never told him his conviction for
6 aggravated assault could qualify as a serious violent offense. [RP 138; MIO 6] We
7 also assumed Defendant told his counsel he did not want to plead to any charge that
8 might be categorized as a serious violent offense. [MIO 3-4] Based upon these
9 assumptions, we recognized that Defendant appeared to satisfy the first prong of an
10 ineffective assistance claim because counsel incorrectly apprised Defendant of the
11 law, and we could see no tactical reason for doing so. Cf. id. ¶ 22 (observing that the
12 Court could perceive of no tactical reason for defense counsel’s failure to inform the
13 defendant that his plea would almost certainly result in deportation).
14 Nonetheless, we proposed to affirm the district court’s denial of Defendant’s
15 motion to withdraw his plea to aggravated assault because we were not convinced that
16 Defendant had established that he was prejudiced by counsel’s deficiencies. See Aker,
17 2005-NMCA-063, ¶ 34. We proposed to hold that Defendant had failed to establish
18 that he was prejudiced by his counsel’s deficiencies because he failed to show that,
19 but for counsel’s failure to inform him as to the potential sentencing consequences of
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1 his plea to aggravated assault, Defendant would have gone to trial. See generally
2 Patterson v. LeMaster, 2001-NMSC-013, ¶ 18, 130 N.M. 179, 21 P.3d 1032
3 (discussing a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel in the plea bargain context and
4 noting that “a defendant must establish that his counsel's performance was objectively
5 unreasonable and that but for counsel's errors, he would not have pleaded guilty and
6 instead gone to trial” (internal quotation marks and citation omitted)).
7 In his memorandum in opposition, Defendant reiterates his contentions that
8 counsel misinformed him regarding whether his good-time credits might be curtailed
9 pursuant to Section 33-2-34 (L)(4)(o), and he claims that he would not have pled no
10 contest to the charge of aggravated assault had he known of the potential sentencing
11 consequences. [MIO 2-10] However, he fails to make a showing that, but for
12 counsel’s deficiencies, he would not have entered the plea and instead gone to trial on
13 all of the charges. [MIO 8-13] Thus, we affirm the district court’s decision to deny
14 Defendant’s motion because Defendant has failed to show that he was prejudiced by
15 counsel’s failure to inform him that the district court had the discretion to classify
16 aggravated assault as a serious violent offense for purposes of the EMDA.
17 In our notice we also noted that Defendant pled to attempted second degree
18 murder and attempt to commit aggravated battery in addition to aggravated assault,
19 [RP 103-107] yet Defendant did not seek to set aside the remainder of his plea. Thus,
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1 we proposed to affirm the district court’s denial of Defendant’s motion to set aside his
2 plea to aggravated assault because it is well-established that a “defendant may not
3 accept parts of the agreement and reject others.” State v. Santillanes, 98 N.M. 448,
4 451, 649 P.2d 516, 519 (Ct. App. 1982).
5 In his memorandum in opposition, Defendant does not dispute our observation
6 that he did not seek to set aside his entire plea but instead only his plea to the
7 aggravated assault charge. [MIO 7-13] To the contrary, Defendant clearly states that,
8 after rejecting the district court’s offer of a sentencing hearing, he reasserted his
9 contention that he should be allowed to withdraw his plea as to the aggravated assault
10 count. [MIO 5] Thus we affirm the district court’s order because Defendant is not
11 entitled to set aside only a portion of a plea agreement. See id.; and see State v.
12 Trujillo, 117 N.M. 769, 772, 877 P.2d 575, 578 (1994) (recognizing that “both parties
13 to a plea bargain make various concessions and gain certain advantages during plea
14 negotiations” and therefore, a defendant may not accept part of a plea agreement while
15 rejecting other portions); State v. Gibson, 96 N.M. 742, 743, 634 P.2d 1294, 1295 (Ct.
16 Ohio App. 1981) (holding that “a plea bargain stands or falls as a unit”).
17 CONCLUSION
18 For the reasons set forth above as well as those discussed in our notice of
19 proposed summary disposition, we affirm the district court’s order denying
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1 Defendant’s motion to withdraw his plea and we affirm Defendant’s convictions.
2 IT IS SO ORDERED.
3
4 MICHAEL D. BUSTAMANTE, Judge
5 WE CONCUR:
6
7 JAMES J. WECHSLER, Judge
8
9 J. MILES HANISEE, Judge
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7