State v. Justin D. ( 2016 )

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1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,
3 Plaintiff-Appellee,
4 v. NO. 34,858
5 JUSTIN D.,
6 Child-Appellant.
7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF DOÑA ANA COUNTY
8 Fernando R. Macias, District Judge
9 Hector H. Balderas, Attorney General
10 Santa Fe, NM
11 for Appellee
12 Bennett J. Baur, Acting Chief Public Defender
13 Tania Shahani, Assistant Appellate Defender
14 Santa Fe, NM
15 for Appellant
16 MEMORANDUM OPINION
17 KENNEDY, Judge.
18 {1} Justin D. (Child) appeals from the district court’s order denying his suppression
19 motion. This Court’s calendar notice proposed to affirm. Child filed a memorandum
1 in opposition to the proposed disposition. Not persuaded by Child’s arguments, we
2 affirm the judgment and sentence.
3 {2} Child challenged whether reasonable grounds existed to suspect that a search
4 of his vehicle would uncover evidence of a violation of law or school rules [DS 6],
5 and whether the search of his vehicle was reasonably related in scope under the
6 circumstances which justified the search in the first place. [DS 6] The calendar notice
7 proposed to conclude that Child consented to the search on the basis that when the
8 principal asked Child if he would mind opening the door to the vehicle, Child replied
9 no and unlocked the door. [DS 5] See State v. Gutierrez, 2004-NMCA-081, ¶ 6, 136
10 N.M. 18, 94 P.3d 18 (stating that consensual searches and seizures are one exception
11 to the warrant requirement). In response, Child argues that the testimony presented at
12 the suppression hearing suggested that the assistant principal may not have presented
13 the search as an option because while he testified that he asked Child “if he would
14 mind” permitting them to search, the security officer testified that the assistant
15 principal may have also informed Child that they had a right to search his truck. [MIO
16 10] To the extent Child argues the search was therefore involuntary, we disagree.
17 [MIO 10]
18 {3} Child relies on State v. Davis, 2013-NMSC-028, ¶¶ 10-13, 304 P.3d 10, for the
19 proposition that “merely acquiescing to a showing of lawful authority . . . . does not
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1 constitute valid consent,” and State v. Ingram, 1998-NMCA-177, ¶ 8, 126 N.M. 426,
2 970 P.2d 1151, for the contention that compliance with a directive of an official is not
3 consent. However, as Child acknowledges, when evidence is conflicting, we view it
4 a manner that supports the district court’s ruling, drawing all inferences and indulging
5 all presumptions in favor of it. State v. Pablo R., 2006-NMCA-072, ¶ 17, 139 N.M.
6 744, 137 P.3d 1198; see State v. Cline, 1998-NMCA-154, ¶ 6, 126 N.M. 77, 966 P.2d
7 785 (“We review the district court’s ruling on a motion to suppress to determine
8 whether the law was correctly applied to the facts, viewing the facts in the light most
9 favorable to the prevailing party.”). We suggest that viewing the evidence in this
10 manner, particularly in the context of a school search where a lower standard applies,
11 the district court’s ruling was supported by the evidence. See State v. Crystal B., 2001-
12 NMCA-010, ¶ 14, 130 N.M. 336, 24 P.3d 771 (recognizing that the lower standard
13 applicable to “the legality of a search of a student . . . . only in furtherance of the
14 school’s education-related goals; that is in a situation where the student is on school
15 property or while the student is under control of the school” and “depends on the
16 reasonableness, under all the circumstances, of the search”).
17 {4} Additionally, we cannot say that the evidence here supports a determination of
18 clear coercion as a matter of law. “Ultimately, the essential inquiry is whether
19 [Child’s] will has been overborne.” State v. Pierce, 2003-NMCA-117, ¶ 20, 134 N.M.
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 1 388, 77 P.3d 292 (citation omitted). We suggest that the principal’s indication that
2 they had a right to search Child’s truck, in combination with the mere request “if he
3 would mind” permitting them to search, was not clear coercion. See Davis, 2013-
4 NMSC-028, ¶ 24 (recognizing that “an officer’s belief in his or her ability to obtain
5 a warrant is permissible and neither constitutes coercion or invalidates consent”); see
6 also State v. Chapman, 1999-NMCA-106, ¶ 21, 127 N.M. 721, 986 P.2d 1122
7 (“Coercion involves police overreaching that overcomes the will of the defendant.”
8 (citation omitted)). Therefore, we propose to affirm the district court’s ruling. See also
9 In re Ernesto M., Jr., 1996-NMCA-039, ¶ 15, 121 N.M. 562, 915 P.2d 318 (“The
10 question is whether the [trial] court’s decision is supported by substantial evidence,
11 not whether the trial court could have reached a different conclusion.”
12 {5} Because we affirm on grounds that Child consented to the search, we need not
13 address the arguments concerning probable cause for the search. For these reasons,
14 and those stated in this Court’s calendar notice, we affirm.
15 {6} IT IS SO ORDERED.
16 _______________________________
17 RODERICK T. KENNEDY, Judge
18 WE CONCUR:
19 ___________________________________
20 JAMES J. WECHSLER, Judge
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1 _________________________________
2 LINDA M. VANZI, Judge
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