State v. Zamora ( 2014 )

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1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,
3 Plaintiff-Appellee,
4 v. NO. 32,935
5 JEREMY ZAMORA,
6 Defendant-Appellant.
7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF BERNALILLO COUNTY
8 Kenneth Martinez, District Judge
9 Gary K. King, Attorney General
10 Corinna Laszlo-Henry, Assistant Attorney General
11 Santa Fe, NM
12 for Appellee
13 Jorge A. Alvarado, Chief Public Defender
14 Santa Fe, NM
15 Steven J. Forsberg, Assistant Public Defender
16 Albuquerque, NM
17 for Appellant
18 MEMORANDUM OPINION
19 GARCIA, Judge.
1 {1} Defendant appeals from a district court on-the-record judgment affirming a
2 metropolitan court judgment that resulted from his conditional guilty plea to Driving
3 While Intoxicated, in which he reserved the right to raise a speedy trial challenge on
4 appeal. We issued a calendar notice proposing to affirm. The State then filed a motion
5 to dismiss based on a challenge to this Court’s jurisdiction, and Defendant filed a
6 response. We hereby deny the State’s motion. See State v. Carroll, 2013-NMCA-___,
7 ___ P.3d ___, ¶¶ 1, 5, 9, 12 (No. 32,909, Oct. 21, 2013). Defendant has also filed a
8 memorandum in opposition. Not persuaded, we affirm.
9 {2} Issues A, B: Defendant continues to claim that the Public Defender’s
10 “horizontal representation,” where multiple attorneys may be assigned to a case,
11 constitutes ineffective assistance of counsel and violates due process. In this case,
12 Defendant entered into a conditional guilty plea in metropolitan court, solely reserving
13 a speedy trial issue. [RP 107] “[A] plea of guilty or nolo contendere, when voluntarily
14 made after advice of counsel and with full understanding of the consequences, waives
15 objections to prior defects in the proceedings and also operates as a waiver of statutory
16 or constitutional rights, including the right to appeal.” State v. Hodge, 1994-NMSC-
17 087, ¶ 14, 118 N.M. 410, 882 P.2d 1. A defendant’s right to appeal following a guilty
18 plea is limited to jurisdictional challenges and those issues that are specifically
19 reserved in the plea agreement. See id; see also Rule 5-304(A)(2) NMRA (“With the
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1 approval of the court and the consent of the state, a defendant may enter a conditional
2 plea of guilty or no contest [or guilty but mentally ill], reserving in writing the right,
3 on appeal from the judgment, to review of the adverse determination of any specified
4 pre-trial motion.”).
5 {3} As indicated, Defendant did not reserve the right to raise an ineffective
6 assistance of counsel claim or a due process challenge. Because of the failure to
7 reserve these non-jurisdictional challenges, our calendar notice propose to affirm on
8 these two issues. See State v. Davis, 2000-NMCA-105, ¶ 1, 129 N.M. 773, 14 P.3d 38
9 (refusing to reach the merits of the defendant’s due process claim for the failure to
10 reserve the issue in the plea agreement); State v. Chavarria, 2009-NMSC-020, ¶ 9,
11 146 N.M. 251, 208 P.3d 896 (recognizing that a voluntary guilty plea ordinarily
12 constitutes a waiver of the defendant’s right to appeal his conviction on other than
13 jurisdictional grounds).
14 {4} In his memorandum in opposition, Defendant argues that the due process claim
15 is subsumed within the ineffective assistance claim, and that both may be considered
16 because ineffective assistance of counsel does not need to be preserved. [MIO 2]
17 However, even if we assume, arguendo, that ineffective assistance of counsel did not
18 need to be reserved (as opposed to preserved), our calendar notice alternatively
19 proposed to affirm on the merits. There is a two-fold test for proving ineffective
20 assistance of counsel; the defendant must show (1) that counsel’s performance fell
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1 below that of a reasonably competent attorney, and (2) that the defendant was
2 prejudiced by the deficient performance. State v. Hester, 1999-NMSC-020, ¶ 9, 127
3 N.M. 218, 979 P.2d 729. The burden of proof is on the defendant to prove both
4 prongs. Id. In this case, we believe that Defendant’s broad challenge to “horizontal
5 representation” does not satisfy either prong, especially prejudice. Cf. In re Ernesto
6 M., Jr., 1996-NMCA-039, ¶ 10, 121 N.M. 562, 915 P.2d 318 (“An assertion of
7 prejudice is not a showing of prejudice.”). We therefore conclude that the issue does
8 not have merit on direct appeal. See State v. Grogan, 2007-NMSC-039, ¶ 9, 142 N.M.
9 107, 163 P.3d 494 (expressing a preference for habeas corpus proceedings to address
10 ineffective assistance of counsel claims).
11 {5} Issue C: Defendant continues to claim that his constitutional right to speedy
12 trial was violated. As indicated, Defendant reserved this issue for appeal. [RP 108]
13 Defendant’s specific claim has been that the periods of delay that resulted from the
14 “horizontal representation” should not have been attributable to him. In support,
15 Defendant’s docketing statement referred us to State v. Stock, 2006-NMCA-140, 140
16 N.M. 676, 147 P.3d 885. [DS 7-8] In Stock, the district court attributed a two-and-a-
17 half year delay to the defense counsel’s repeated requests for continuances and a
18 nearly “complete lack of attention to the case on the part of both the State and defense
19 counsel.” 2006-NMCA-140, ¶¶ 18-20. The district court had found that the public
20 defenders were working under extreme and unworkable case load levels, and thus
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1 weighed the delay caused by the inactions of the public defenders against the State.
2 Id. ¶¶ 8, 10, 26. The court further found that the defendant was not responsible in
3 acquiescing to the delay, because he had the intellectual capacity of a twelve-year-
4 old, and thus was incapable of considering and acquiescing to the actions of the
5 various public defenders. Id. ¶ 11.
6 {6} On appeal, this Court affirmed the district court’s analysis. Id. ¶ 29. While
7 recognizing the general rule that a defendant is held accountable for the actions of his
8 or her attorney, we nonetheless also recognized that, in certain cases, attorney neglect
9 could not be held against a defendant. Id. ¶¶ 18, 21-22. We concluded that Stock was
10 such a case, and thus we affirmed the district court’s conclusion that the reasons for
11 delay must weigh against the State. Id. ¶¶ 26, 29.
12 {7} Our calendar notice proposed to distinguish Stock for the reasons discussed in
13 the district court memorandum opinion. [RP 176-77] Specifically, the delays were for
14 the benefit of Defendant, and unlike Stock, where the proceedings languished for two-
15 and-a-half years, the proceedings progressed in a reasonable manner, addressing
16 issues as they arose in a timely fashion. [RP 177] In his memorandum in opposition,
17 Defendant does not refer to Stock, but instead cites Peralta v. State, 1991-NMSC-034,
18 ¶ 1, 111 N.M. 667, 808 P.2d 637, where our Supreme Court reversed the dismissal of
19 a de novo trial in district court based on a defense attorney’s lack of preparedness. The
20 distinction with the current case is that the defendant in Peralta would not have
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1 received a district court trial, whereas here Defendant received the opportunity for a
2 trial, and he has not established that reversal is warranted under the applicable speedy
3 trial analysis.
4 {8} For the reasons set forth above, we affirm.
5 {9} IT IS SO ORDERED.
6
7 TIMOTHY L. GARCIA, Judge
8 WE CONCUR:
9
10 JAMES J. WECHSLER, Judge
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12 LINDA M. VANZI, Judge
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