State v. Brown , 2021 Ohio 997 ( 2021 )

[Cite as State v. Brown, 2021-Ohio-997.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
BUTLER COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO, : CASE NO. CA2020-08-082
Appellee, : OPINION
3/29/2021
:
- vs -
:
DENNIS D. BROWN, :
Appellant. :
CRIMINAL APPEAL FROM BUTLER COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
Case No. CR2019-01-0057
Michael T. Gmoser, Butler County Prosecuting Attorney, Michael Greer, Government
Services Center, 315 High Street, 11th Floor, Hamilton, Ohio 45011, for appellee
Repper-Pagan Law, Ltd., Christopher J. Pagan, 1501 First Avenue, Middletown, Ohio
45044, for appellant
M. POWELL, P.J.
{¶ 1} Appellant, Dennis Brown, appeals a decision of the Butler County Court of
Common Pleas denying his motion for additional jail-time credit.
{¶ 2} In April 2018, appellant was sentenced to three years of community control
for attempted improper handling of a firearm in a motor vehicle in Case No. CR2017-06-
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1004 (the "CCV Case").1 On November 8, 2018, the probation department filed a notice of
community control violation, alleging that appellant had failed to report to his probation
officer. A capias was issued for appellant's arrest.
{¶ 3} On December 23, 2018, appellant was arrested and charged with several
felony and misdemeanor offenses in the Butler County Area III Court. As a result of these
offenses, appellant was later indicted, inter alia, on one felony count of failure to comply
with an order or signal of a police officer in Case No. CR2019-01-0057 (the "Felony Case").
The capias issued for appellant's arrest in the CCV Case was also served upon appellant
on December 23, 2018.
{¶ 4} Appellant was held in jail in both the CCV Case and Felony Case from
December 23, 2018. On December 26, 2018, appellant was granted an OR bond in the
Felony Case on three felony charges. On January 8, 2019, appellant was granted an OR
bond in the Felony Case on the same three felony charges as well as a felony charge of
having weapons while under disability. Appellant remained incarcerated in jail until March
11, 2019, when he was granted an OR bond in the CCV Case.
{¶ 5} While appellant was held in jail, the probation department filed a second
notice of community control violation in the CCV Case on January 2, 2019. The notice
alleged that appellant had violated his community control by being arrested and charged
with the various offenses in the Felony Case, failing to report to his probation officer since
September 2018, and failing to engage in a court-ordered program. On January 3, 2019, a
magistrate found probable cause for the community control violations and ordered that
appellant remain in custody for his community control violations. As stated above, appellant
1. When appellant was sentenced to community control in the CCV Case, he was incorrectly granted six days
of jail-time credit. Supplemental judgment entries filed on December 11, 2019, and March 25, 2020, corrected
the miscalculation and stated appellant was entitled to 17 days of jail-time credit in the CCV Case, should his
community control be revoked and a prison sentence imposed.
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was released from jail on March 11, 2019, when he was granted an OR bond in the CCV
Case.
{¶ 6} Appellant subsequently pled guilty to failure to comply with an order or signal
of a police officer in the Felony Case. On August 26, 2019, the trial court held a joint
sentencing hearing on the Felony Case and CCV Case. The trial court revoked appellant's
community control and sentenced him to 12 months in prison in the CCV Case, sentenced
him to 24 months in prison in the Felony Case, and ordered that the sentences be served
concurrently. The trial court determined that appellant was entitled to four days of jail-time
credit in the Felony Case and 86 days of jail-time credit in the CCV Case.
{¶ 7} The following year, appellant, acting pro se, twice moved the trial court for
additional jail-time credit in the Felony Case. In May 2020, appellant, by and through
counsel, filed a third motion for jail-time credit, arguing he was entitled to an additional 76
days jail-time credit in the Felony Case for the time he was held in jail between December
26, 2018, and March 11, 2019.
{¶ 8} On July 21, 2020, the trial court denied the motion. The trial court found that
appellant was not entitled to additional jail-time credit in the Felony Case because he was
not held in jail in that case after December 26, 2018: "The area court had released
Defendant on his own recognizance and, but for the [community control] violation capias
issued November, 2018, [Defendant] would not have been in the Butler County Jail until
March, 2019. Therefore, Defendant is not entitled to jail time credit on a case for which he
was out on an OR bond." The trial court further found that even if appellant was held on an
unposted cash or surety bond in the Felony Case after December 26, 2018, he was
nevertheless not entitled to additional jail-time credit in that case because "he was being
held without bond on the pending [community control] violation under [the CCV Case] until
March 11, 2019. Therefore, under that scenario, [he] could not have been released from
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incarceration because of the pending [community control] violation."
{¶ 9} Appellant now appeals, raising one assignment of error:
{¶ 10} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY REFUSING TO APPLY 76 DAYS OF
JAILTIME CREDIT TO THE 2019 FAILURE-TO-COMPLY TERM.
{¶ 11} Appellant argues that the trial court erred in failing to grant him an additional
76 days jail-time credit in the Felony Case for the time he was held in jail between December
26, 2018, and March 11, 2019. Appellant asserts he is entitled to the additional jail-time
credit in the Felony Case because the trial court ordered that his prison terms in the Felony
Case and CCV Case be served concurrently, he was held in jail during these 76 days while
both cases pended, and the reason he was held in jail until March 2019 in the CCV Case
was his failure-to-comply charge in the Felony Case "according to the probation department
and magistrate's entry." In support of his argument, appellant cites State v. Fugate, 117
Ohio St.3d 261, 2008-Ohio-856.
{¶ 12} The Equal Protection Clause requires that all time spent in jail prior to trial and
prior to commitment must be credited to the prisoner's sentence. Fugate at ¶ 7. Although
the department of rehabilitation and correction "has a mandatory duty pursuant to R.C.
2967.191 to credit an inmate with jail time already served, it is the trial court that makes the
factual determination as to the number of days of confinement that a defendant is entitled
to have credited toward his sentence." State ex rel. Rankin v. Ohio Adult Parole Auth., 98
Ohio St.3d 476, 2003-Ohio-2061, ¶ 7. "This information is required to be included within
the sentence and entry." State v. Stefanopoulos, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2011-10-187,
2012-Ohio-4220, ¶ 4. "A trial court's failure to properly calculate an offender's jail-time credit
and to include the amount of jail-time credit in the body of the offender's sentencing
judgment amounts to plain error." State v. Edmonds, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2014-03-
045, 2015-Ohio-2733, ¶ 9.
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{¶ 13} R.C. 2967.191(A) provides that "[t]he department of rehabilitation and
correction shall reduce the stated prison term of a prisoner * * * by the total number of days
that the prisoner was confined for any reason arising out of the offense for which the
prisoner was convicted and sentenced, including confinement in lieu of bail while awaiting
trial[.]"
{¶ 14} In Fugate, the defendant was charged and convicted of theft and burglary
while he was on community control for a prior, unrelated offense. After the defendant was
arrested on the new charges and placed in jail, the probation department moved to revoke
his community control. At a joint sentencing hearing, the trial court revoked the defendant's
community control in light of the new charges and imposed concurrent sentences for his
burglary, theft, and community control violation convictions. The defendant was granted
jail-time credit toward his community-control-violation sentence only. Fugate, 2008-Ohio-
856 at ¶ 2-4. The Ohio Supreme Court found that the defendant should have been given
jail-time credit for each of his concurrent sentences. Id. at ¶ 22.
{¶ 15} Specifically, the supreme court found that "when concurrent prison terms are
imposed, courts do not have the discretion to select only one term from those that are run
concurrently against which to apply jail-time credit." Id. at ¶ 12. "If courts were permitted
to apply jail-time credit to only one of the concurrent terms, the practical result would be * *
* to deny credit for time that an offender was confined while being held on pending charges.
So long as an offender is held on a charge while awaiting trial or sentencing, the offender
is entitled to jail-time credit for that sentence[.]" Id. Thus, "when a defendant is sentenced
to concurrent prison terms for multiple charges, jail-time credit pursuant to R.C. 2967.191
must be applied toward each concurrent prison term." Id. at ¶ 22.
{¶ 16} Under the plain terms of R.C. 2967.191, an offender is only entitled to jail-time
credit for time spent incarcerated relating to the offense for which he is sentenced. See
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State v. Ashley, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2006-L-134, 2007-Ohio-690. Stated differently, "the
only time that may be counted as jail-time credit toward a sentence is time held on grounds
related to that same sentence. Unrelated jail time may not be counted towards unrelated
sentences." State v. Corpening, 11th Dist. Ashtabula Nos. 2018-A-0094 and 2018-A-0095,
2019-Ohio-4833, ¶ 26. See also State v. Cupp, 156 Ohio St.3d 207, 2018-Ohio-5211 (an
offender is only entitled to credit for time spent incarcerated on the offense for which he was
convicted).
{¶ 17} Jail-time credit was applied toward each of appellant's concurrent prison
terms as he was granted 86 days jail-time credit in the CCV Case and 4 days jail-time credit
in the Felony Case. The record shows that appellant was held in jail simultaneously in the
CCV Case and Felony Case from December 23, 2018, the day he was arrested in the
Felony Case and a capias was served upon him in the CCV Case, until January 8, 2019,
when he was granted an OR bond on all four felony offenses in the Felony Case. While
appellant remained incarcerated after January 8, 2019, it does not entitle him to additional
jail-time credit in the Felony Case for the days he was held in jail until his March 11, 2019
release. That is because after appellant was granted an OR bond in the Felony Case on
January 8, 2019, he remained incarcerated in jail in the CCV Case until he was granted an
OR bond in that case on March 11, 2019. Were it not for the capias issued in November
2018 in the CCV Case, appellant would have been released from jail in the Felony Case on
January 8, 2019. Thus, from January 8, 2019, to March 11, 2019, his confinement did not
arise at that time out of the offenses in the Felony Case; rather, his confinement related
solely to his community control violations in the CCV Case. Accordingly, appellant
remained incarcerated after January 8, 2019, exclusively on the community control
violations in the CCV Case, and he was not entitled to jail-time credit in the Felony Case for
the days he remained in jail between January 8, 2019, and March 11, 2019.
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{¶ 18} We find that our holding is supported by Ohio Adm.Code 5120-2-04(F), a
provision the Ohio Supreme Court found most relevant to the issue before it in Fugate.
Fugate, 2008-Ohio-856 at ¶ 9. "The Ohio Administrative Code provides additional details
regarding when a prisoner is entitled to jail-time credit and how to calculate a prison term,
taking the credit into account." Id. Ohio Adm.Code 5120-2-04(F) states that "[i]f an offender
is serving two or more sentences, stated prison terms or combination thereof concurrently,
the adult parole authority shall independently reduce each sentence or stated prison term
for the number of days confined for that offense." In other words, when an offender is
sentenced to concurrent prison terms, Ohio Adm.Code 5120-2-04(F) instructs the adult
parole authority to reduce each sentence for the number of days confined for that offense.
{¶ 19} Appellant nevertheless asserts he is entitled to additional jail-time credit in the
Felony Case because the reason he was held in jail until March 2019 in the CCV Case
arose out of his failure-to-comply charge in the Felony Case "according to the probation
department and magistrate's entry."
{¶ 20} Even assuming that the "reason appellant was held in jail in the CCV Case
arose out of his failure-to-comply charge in the Felony Case," he was not entitled to
additional jail-time credit in the Felony Case. It is well established that any penalty imposed
for violating a condition of one's community control sanctions is a punishment for that
violation and not for the original underlying offense. See State v. Lee, 12th Dist. Butler No.
CA2014-03-076, 2015-Ohio-1760. Likewise, being held in jail on a community control
violation for committing a crime solely relates to that condition of one's community control
sanctions and not to the original underlying offense, and thus does not implicate R.C.
2967.191. While appellant was alleged to have violated his community control based in
part upon the charges in the Felony Case, appellant's confinement in the CCV Case solely
related to that condition of his community control that required him to refrain from committing
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crimes and not to the Felony Case. "The sentence for a probation violation [now referred
to as community control] wholly related to the matter involving the predicate criminal
conduct-separate and apart from other consequences for illegal activities engaged in while
on probation." Cupp, 2018-Ohio-5211 at ¶ 19.
{¶ 21} Furthermore, contrary to appellant's assertion, his failure-to-comply charge in
the Felony Case was not the sole reason he was held in jail until March 2019 in the CCV
Case. The record shows that the department of probation filed its first notice of community
control violation for failure to report before appellant was placed in jail in December 2018.
Subsequently, the department of probation filed its second notice, alleging appellant had
violated his community control by failing to report, failing to engage in a court-ordered
program, and being charged with various offenses in the Felony Case. The magistrate
found probable cause for three community control violations and ordered that appellant
remain in custody for the community control violations. Clearly, all but one of appellant's
community control violations had nothing to do with the Felony Case or the failure to comply
offense for which he was sentenced in the Felony Case. Thus, R.C. 2967.191 does not
mandate that appellant receive jail-time credit in the Felony Case for the time he was held
in jail solely on the CCV Case.
{¶ 22} In light of the foregoing, we find that the trial court did not err in failing to grant
appellant an additional 76 days jail-time credit in the Felony Case for the time he was held
in jail between December 26, 2018, and March 11, 2019.
{¶ 23} In sentencing appellant to 24 months in prison in the Felony Case, the trial
court granted him four days jail-time credit for the time he was held in jail between
December 23, 2018, the day he was arrested and put in jail in the Felony Case, and
December 26, 2018, the day he was granted an OR bond for some of the felony offenses
in the Felony Case. However, the record shows that it was not until January 8, 2019, that
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appellant was granted an OR bond on all of the felony offenses in the Felony Case, at which
point he would have been released were it not for the CCV Case. In its brief, the state
acknowledges that appellant was incarcerated in the Felony Case from December 23, 2018,
to January 8, 2019, and that he is therefore entitled to additional jail-time credit for the period
between December 26, 2018, and January 8, 2019. We therefore find that in addition to
the four days jail-time credit the trial court already granted appellant for the period from
December 23, 2018, to December 26, 2018, appellant is entitled to an additional 13 days
jail-time credit for the period between December 26, 2018, and January 8, 2019.
{¶ 24} Appellant's assignment of error is overruled in part and sustained in part.
{¶ 25} The trial court's judgment is reversed and this case is remanded for the limited
purpose of amending the August 27, 2019 judgment of conviction entry to reflect the 17
days appellant was held in in the Butler County Jail in the Felony Case from December 23,
2018, to January 8, 2019. See Rankin, 2003-Ohio-2061; State v. White, 12th Dist. Clermont
Nos. CA2015-12-102 and CA2015-12-103, 2016-Ohio-5878. In all other respects, the trial
court's judgment is affirmed.
HENDRICKSON and BYRNE, JJ., concur.
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