State v. Bergk , 2022 Ohio 578 ( 2022 )

[Cite as State v. Bergk, 2022-Ohio-578.]
COURT OF APPEALS
FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO JUDGES:
Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P. J.
Plaintiff-Appellee Hon. John W. Wise, J.
Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.
-vs-
Case No. 2021 CA 16
DOROTHY F. BERGK
Defendant-Appellant OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Criminal Appeal from the Court of Common
Pleas, Case No. 2020 CR 16
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: February 28, 2022
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
R. KYLE WITT THOMAS R. ELWING
PROSECUTING ATTORNEY 60 West Columbus Street
BRIAN T. WALTZ Pickerington, Ohio 43147
ASSISTANT PROSECUTOR
239 West Main Street, Suite 101
Lancaster, Ohio 43130
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 16 2
Wise, J.
{¶1} Appellant Dorothy Bergk appeals the judgment of the Fairfield County Court
of Common Pleas after entering a plea of no contest to one count of Aggravated
Possession of Drugs and one count of Illegal Use or Possession of Drug Paraphernalia.
The relevant facts leading to this appeal are as follows.
STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE
{¶2} On January 9, 2020, the Fairfield County Grand Jury indicted Appellant on
one count of Aggravated Possession of Drugs, a fifth-degree felony in violation of R.C.
2925.11(A) and R.C. 2925.11(C)(1)(a), and one count of Illegal Use or Possession of
Drug Paraphernalia, a fourth-degree misdemeanor in violation of R.C.2925.14(C)(1) and
R.C. 2925.14(F)(1).
{¶3} On June 15, 2020, Appellant filed a Motion to Suppress evidence obtained
during an unreasonable search and seizure in violation of the Fourth Amendment to the
United States Constitution and Section 14, Article I of the Ohio Constitution.
{¶4} On September 3, 2020, the trial court held a hearing on Appellant’s Motion
to Suppress.
{¶5} At the hearing, Officer Marlo Morehouse testified, while on duty, he
observed a parked vehicle Appellant was known to drive. The vehicle’s owner, Michael
Newman, had been arrested.
{¶6} On November 5, 2019, Officer Morehouse observed Appellant driving with
a faulty license plate light, drift to the center of the road, and stop at a stop sign with both
tires past the stop bar. Officer Morehouse then initiated a traffic stop.
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 16 3
{¶7} During the traffic stop, Officer Morehouse asks Appellant for her driver’s
license and proof of insurance. Appellant advised the officer her license had been stolen.
Appellant provided her social security number in lieu of a license. Appellant did not locate
a proof of insurance card.
{¶8} At nearly four minutes into the traffic stop, dispatch confirmed Appellant had
a valid driver’s license and no outstanding warrants. Officer McCarthy then arrived on
scene and held a brief conversation with Officer Morehouse.
{¶9} Appellant then called out to Officer Morehouse. As Morehouse approached,
Appellant initiated a conversation about Newman’s arrest. They discussed whether
Appellant had consent to be driving Newman’s vehicle. Officerw Morehouse then asked
if there was anything illegal in the vehicle. Appellant indicated she did not know of
anything illegal. Morehouse then asked for permission to search the vehicle. Appellant
gave consent to Officer Morehouse to search the vehicle.
{¶10} During a search of the vehicle, Officer Morehouse discovered drug
paraphernalia and methamphetamine. The Officers Mirandized Appellant but did not take
her into custody or issue her a traffic citation.
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
{¶11} On April 30, 2021, Appellant filed a notice of appeal and herein raises the
following two assignments of error.
{¶12} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN OVERRULING APPELLANT’S MOTION
TO SUPPRESS BECAUSE OFFICER MOREHOUSE’S DECISION TO IGNORE
OBSERVED TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS AND TO PROCEED, INSTEAD, WITH A
NARCOTICS INVESTIGATION, PROLONGED APPELLANT’S DETENTION AND
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 16 4
FAILED TO EMPLOY THE LEASE (SIC) INTRUSIVE MEANS TO CONCLUDE THE
TRAFFIC STOP, SUCH THAT, AT THE TIME APPELLANT’S VEHICLE WAS
SEARCHED, HER CONTINUED DETENTION WAS UNREASONABLE UNDER THE
FOURTH AMENDMENT TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION AND SECTION 14,
ARTICLE I OF THE OHIO CONSTITUTION.
{¶13} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN OVERRULING APPELLANT’S
MOTION TO SUPPRESS BECAUSE THE WARRANTLESS SEARCH OF
APPELLANT’S VEHICLE WAS NOT AUTHORIZED BY VALID CONSENT OR,
ALTERNATIVELY, WAS VOID PURSUANT TO AN UNLAWFUL SEIZURE, AND WAS
THEREFORE UNREASONABLE UNDER THE FOURTH AMENDMENT TO THE
UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION AND SECTION 14, ARTICLE I OF THE OHIO
CONSTITUTION.”
a. Standard of Review
{¶14} The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Section 14,
Article I, Ohio Constitution, prohibit the government from conducting unreasonable
searches and seizures of persons or their property. See Terry v. Ohio (1968), 392 U.S.
1, 88 S.Ct. 1868, 20 L.Ed.2d 889; State v. Andrews (1991), 57 Ohio St.3d 86, 87, 565
N.E.2d 1271.
{¶15} Appellate review of a trial court’s decision to deny a motion to suppress
involves a mixed question of law and fact. State v. Long, 127 Ohio App.3d 328, 332, 713
N.E.2d 1 (4th Dist.1998). During a suppression hearing, the trial court assumes the role
of trier of fact and, as such, is in the best position to resolve questions of fact and to
evaluate witness credibility. State v. Brooks, 75 Ohio St.3d 148, 154, 1996-Ohio-134, 661
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 16 5
N.E.2d 1030. A reviewing court is bound to accept the trial court’s findings of fact if they
are supported by competent, credible evidence. State v. Medcalf, 111 Ohio App.3d 142,
145, 675 N.E.2d 1268 (4th Dist.1996). Accepting these facts as true, the appellate court
must independently determine as a matter of law, without deference to the trial court’s
conclusions, whether the trial court’s decision meets the applicable legal standard. State
v. Williams, 86 Ohio App.3d 37, 41, 619 N.E.2d 1141 (4th Dist.1993), overruled on other
grounds, State v. Gunther, 4th Dist. Pickaway No. 04CA25, 2005-Ohio-3492, ¶16.
{¶16} Three methods exist to challenge a trial court’s ruling on a motion to
suppress. First, appellant may challenge the trial court’s findings of facts. State v.
Fanning, 1 Ohio St.3d 19, 20, 437 N.E.2d 583 (1982). Second, appellant may argue the
trial court failed to apply the appropriate test or correct law to the findings of fact. In that
case, the appellate court can reverse the trial court for committing an error of law. Williams
at 41. Third, appellant may argue the trial court incorrectly decided the ultimate issue
raised in the motion to suppress. When addressing the third type of challenge, an
appellate court must independently determine, without deference to the trial court’s
conclusion, whether the facts meet the appropriate legal standard in the given case
(Citation omitted). State v. Curry, 95 Ohio App.3d 93, 96, 641 N.E.2d 1172 (8th Dist. 1994).
{¶17} “The voluntariness of a consent search is a question of fact and will not be
reversed on appeal unless clearly erroneous.” State v. Bickel, 5th Dist. Ashland No. 2006-
COA-034, 2007-Ohio-3517, ¶24.
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 16 6
I., II.
{¶18} Appellant argues the trial court erred finding Appellant was held during a
traffic stop for an unreasonable amount of time which nullified Appellant’s consent to
search the vehicle. We disagree.
{¶19} An officer may ask the driver about matters unrelated to the traffic stop itself,
so long as those questions do not measurably extend the stop. State v. Johns, 5th Dist.
Licking No. 19-CA-5, 2019-Ohio-4269, 146 N.E.3d 1286, ¶16, citing Rodriguez v. United
States, 575 U.S. 348, 354, 135 S.Ct. 1609, 1615, 191 L.Ed.2d 492. “[E]ven when officers
have no basis for suspecting a particular individual, they may generally ask questions of
that individual; ask to examine the individual’s identification; and request consent to
search his or her luggage.” Muehler v. Mena, 544 U.S. 93, 101, 125 S.Ct. 1465, 161 L.Ed.
2d 299 (2005), citing Florida v. Bostick, 501 U.S. 429, 434, 111 S.Ct. 2382, 115 L.Ed.2d
389 (1991).
{¶20} In State v. Robinette, 80 Ohio St.3d 234, 685 N.E.2d 762, 1997-Ohio-343,
the Ohio Supreme Court held:
When a police officer’s objective justification to continue detention of
a person stopped for a traffic violation for the purpose of searching the
person’s vehicle is not related to the purpose of the original stop, and when
that continued detention is not based on any articulable facts giving rise to
a suspicion of some illegal activity justifying an extension of the detention,
the continued detention to conduct a search constitutes an illegal seizure.
{¶21} In State v. Chaney, 2nd Dist. Montgomery No. 26568, 2015-Ohio-5011, 53
N.E.3d 800, the Second District Court of Appeals held a police officer’s request to search
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 16 7
a defendant made within the period of time reasonably necessary to process a traffic
violation is consensual.
{¶22} In the case sub judice, Appellant was pulled over for traffic violations. During
the initial contact, Appellant could not provide her driver’s license or proof of insurance.
After Officer Morehouse confirmed validity of Appellant’s driver’s license, but before
Appellant had furnished any information regarding proof of insurance, Officer Morehouse
asked Appellant if Appellant had anything illegal in the vehicle. Appellant denied knowing
of anything illegal in the vehicle. Officer Morehouse then immediately asked for
Appellant’s consent to search the vehicle. Appellant promptly provided Officer Morehouse
with consent.
{¶23} Appellant argues that once Morehouse asked to search the vehicle, the
officer abandoned the pretext of the stop. However, nothing in the record supports
Appellant’s argument. In fact, the record shows Officer Morehouse was still waiting for
Appellant to provide proof of insurance when Appellant granted consent for a search of
the vehicle.
{¶24} As nothing in the record suggests Officer Morehouse unduly delayed or
extended the duration of the traffic stop, no violation of Appellant’s Fourth Amendment
rights has been demonstrated.
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 16 8
{¶25} Appellant’s First and Second Assignments of Error are overruled.
{¶26} For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the Court of Common Pleas of
Fairfield County, Ohio, is affirmed.
By: Wise, J.
Gwin, P. J., and
Baldwin, J., concur.
JWW/br 0223