State v. Blackson , 2018 Ohio 2215 ( 2018 )

[Cite as State v. Blackson, 2018-Ohio-2215.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
GREENE COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO :
:
Plaintiff-Appellee : Appellate Case No. 2017-CA-58
:
v. : Trial Court Case No. 17-CR-10
:
STEVEN A. BLACKSON : (Criminal Appeal from
: Common Pleas Court)
Defendant-Appellant :
:
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OPINION
Rendered on the 8th day of June, 2018.
...........
NATHANIEL R. LUKEN, Atty. Reg. No. 0087864, 55 Greene Street, 1st Floor, Xenia, Ohio
45385
Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
ROBERT ALAN BRENNER, Atty. Reg. No. 0067714, P.O. Box 340214, Beavercreek,
Ohio 45434
Attorney for Defendant-Appellant
.............
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HALL, J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-Appellant, Steven Blackson, appeals from his conviction on one
count of rape of a person under the age of 13 and one count of sexual battery. We
conclude that the rape conviction is not against the manifest weight of the evidence. So
we affirm.
I. Facts and Course of Proceedings
{¶ 2} Blackson was indicted in March 2017 on multiple felonies for sexual conduct
with his daughter “Jane”1—one count of rape of a person under the age of 13 (Count I),
one count of rape of a person over 13 (Count II), and two counts of sexual battery (Counts
III and IV). The time frame of Count I alleged in the indictment was between late
September 2010 and early May 2011, during which time Jane would have been 11 years
old.
{¶ 3} The charges arose from sexual conduct that allegedly occurred from the time
that Jane was 11 until she was 15. Jane testified that she was born in late September
1999. The first instance of sexual conduct (Count I), she said, occurred in 2010 when she
was in sixth grade, “11/12” years old, when the weather was warm. (Tr. 214). Jane and
her father were watching the television show Hannah Montana together, and they began
to discuss their shared attraction for Miley Cyrus, who played the title character in the
show. They then began watching a pornographic video. Blackson had Jane stroke his
penis, and he put his finger into her vagina. They moved to the couch, where Blackson
kneeled in front of Jane and began to “finger” her. (Tr. 212). He then had her lay on the
1 To protect the identity of the victim, we will refer to her using the pseudonym
“Jane.”
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couch and placed his penis into her vagina and began thrusting. The trial judge
interrupted to ask, “I do want to confirm. This is in 2010?” and Jane answered, “Yes.” (Id.
at 214).
{¶ 4} Jane also described two other times that Blackson had sex with her. One
time happened in 2012 or 2013 in his bathroom. The other time occurred in a bedroom in
Jane’s boyfriend’s grandmother’s house. Her boyfriend walked in on them and Blackson
stopped. She asked her boyfriend not to tell anyone because she was afraid of losing her
father. In October 2016, Jane told a school counselor that her father had been raping her
since she was “11 or 12.” (Tr. 223). She testified that she had been forensically
interviewed in 2013 but did not disclose the abuse because she was scared and loved
her father.
{¶ 5} Detective Shaun Pettit testified that he was assigned to investigate this case.
Pettit said that according to his research Hannah Montana aired between 2006 and 2011,
though he acknowledged that the television show was still airing (presumably in re-runs).
Pettit testified that on several occasions Jane told him that she was 12 when the abuse
occurred. But in a statement that she wrote for Pettit, Jane said that the first time was in
the summer of 2010.
{¶ 6} In early March 2017, Blackson was indicted on one count of rape of a person
under the age of 13, one count of rape of a person over 13, and two counts of sexual
battery. The state dismissed one sexual-battery count, so Blackson was tried on the
remaining sexual-battery count and the two rape counts. The jury found him guilty of the
rape of a person under the age of 13 (Count I) and of sexual battery but was unable to
reach a consensus on the other rape charge. Blackson was sentenced to a total of 15
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years to life in prison.
{¶ 7} Blackson now appeals from his convictions.
II. Analysis
{¶ 8} The sole assignment of error alleges that the conviction for rape of a person
under the age of 13 is against the manifest weight of the evidence because Jane’s
testimony as to her age was inconsistent and unreliable.
{¶ 9} “When a conviction is challenged on appeal as being against the weight of
the evidence, an appellate court must review the entire record, weigh the evidence and
all reasonable inferences, consider witness credibility, and determine whether, in
resolving conflicts in the evidence, the trier of fact ‘clearly lost its way and created such a
manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial
ordered.’ ” State v. Watson, 2015-Ohio-4517, 46 N.E.3d 1090, ¶ 21 (2d Dist.), quoting
State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997). “A judgment should
be reversed as being against the manifest weight of the evidence ‘only in the exceptional
case in which the evidence weighs heavily against the conviction.’ ” Id., quoting State v.
Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d 172, 175, 485 N.E.2d 717 (1st Dist.1983).
{¶ 10} Count I of the indictment here charged Blackson with rape of a person under
age 13, in violation of R.C. 2907.02(A)(1)(b), which states:
(A)(1) No person shall engage in sexual conduct with another who is not the
spouse of the offender or who is the spouse of the offender but is living
separate and apart from the offender, when any of the following applies:
***
(b) The other person is less than thirteen years of age, whether or
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not the offender knows the age of the other person.
The only issue here is whether the weight of the evidence supports Jane being under 13
years old when the first incident of abuse occurred.
{¶ 11} “A weight of the evidence argument challenges the believability of the
evidence and asks which of the competing inferences suggested by the evidence is more
believable or persuasive.” (Citation omitted.) State v. Wilson, 2d Dist. Montgomery No.
22581, 2009-Ohio-525, ¶ 12. We have often stressed that “[b]ecause the factfinder * * *
has the opportunity to see and hear the witnesses, the cautious exercise of the
discretionary power of a court of appeals to find that a judgment is against the manifest
weight of the evidence requires that substantial deference be extended to the factfinder’s
determinations of credibility. The decision whether, and to what extent, to credit the
testimony of particular witnesses is within the peculiar competence of the factfinder, who
has seen and heard the witness.” State v. Lawson, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 16288, 1997
WL 476684, *4 (Aug. 22, 1997). See also, e.g., Wilson at ¶ 15. We have further stressed
that
the decision as to which of several competing inferences, suggested by the
evidence in the record, should be preferred, is a matter in which an
appellate judge is at least equally qualified, by reason and experience, to
venture an opinion. Therefore, although this distinction is not set forth in
Thompkins, supra, [78 Ohio St.3d 380, 678 N.E.2d 541,] we conclude that
a decision by a factfinder as to which testimony to credit, and to what extent,
is a decision that is entitled to greater deference than the decision as to how
much logical force to assign an inference suggested by that evidence—in
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short, how persuasive it is.
Lawson at *4.
{¶ 12} We have reviewed the entirety of the record and find that the conviction for
rape of a person under age 13 is not against the manifest weight of the evidence. Jane’s
birthdate is in late September 1999. The indictment lists dates for the rape as between
late September 2010 and early May 2011, so she would have been 11 years of age at
the listed time (turning 13 in late September 2012). Jane’s direct testimony indicated that
sexual abuse began when she was in sixth grade, when she was 11 or 12 years old and
the weather was warm. Assuming normal school progression, the sixth grade would have
been the 2010-2011 school year, when Jane was 11, which she turned in late September
2010. While Jane told Detective Pettit that the first time it happened she was 12 years
old, in a statement that she wrote for Pettit, she said that the first time was in the summer
of 2010, making her 11 at the time. Jane also told the trial court that it happened in 2010.
Lastly, we note that Jane told her school counselor that Blackson had been raping her
since she was 11 or 12.
{¶ 13} The first rape could not have happened when Jane was 12 years old. It was
stipulated that Blackson was in prison from May 10, 2011, until May 7, 2013 which would
be the entire time that Jane was 12. Still, the jury could reasonably have found that the
rape occurred when Jane was 11. This is consistent with the weight of the evidence that
the abuse started in the summer of 2010, when the weather was warm. This is not the
“ ‘exceptional case in which the evidence weighs heavily against the conviction.’ ”
Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d at 387, 678 N.E.2d 541, quoting Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d at
175, 485 N.E.2d 717.
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III. Conclusion
{¶ 14} The sole assignment of error is overruled. The trial court’s judgment is
affirmed.
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DONOVAN, J. and TUCKER, J., concur.
Copies mailed to:
Nathaniel R. Luken
Robert Alan Brenner
Hon. Stephen Wolaver