State v. Cramer , 2023 Ohio 308 ( 2023 )

[Cite as State v. Cramer, 2023-Ohio-308.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
STATE OF OHIO, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
No. 111509
v. :
ROBERT CRAMER, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: DISMISSED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: February 2, 2023
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Common Pleas Court
Case No. CR-20-655392-A
Appearances:
Michael C. O’Malley, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting
Attorney, for appellee.
Jonathan N. Garver, for appellant.
ANITA LASTER MAYS, A.J.:
Defendant-appellant, Robert Cramer (“Cramer”), appeals from the
trial court’s sentencing following his guilty plea. Cramer’s appointed counsel filed a
brief pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493(1967), seeking leave to withdraw as counsel. Following a review of the record, we
grant counsel’s motion to withdraw and dismiss the appeal.
On December 23, 2020, Cramer was charged with one count of
aggravated murder, an unclassified felony, in violation of R.C. 2903.01(A); one
count of felony murder, an unclassified felony, in violation of R.C. 2903.02(B); one
count of felonious assault, a second-degree felony, in violation of R.C. 2903.11(A)(1);
and two counts of having a weapon while under a disability, third-degree felonies,
in violation of R.C. 2923.13(A)(2) and 2923.13(A)(3). One- and three-year firearm
specifications were added to the murder and felonious assault counts.
On June 21, 2021, Cramer pleaded guilty to an amended aggravated
murder count that deleted the one-year firearm specification, but kept the three-
year firearm specification. He also pleaded guilty to having a weapon while under a
disability. The remaining counts and specifications were nolled. The trial court
sentenced Cramer to life with parole eligibility after 23 years’ imprisonment,
including a 9-month concurrent sentence on the having a weapon while under a
disability counts, but credited for time served.
I. Facts and Procedural History
On December 14, 2020, Cramer was captured on video surveillance
exiting his vehicle and approaching Donntelle Reed (“Reed”) as he sat in his vehicle.
Cramer, while engaged in a conversation with Reed, pulled a gun from his waist, and
shot Reed several times. The state and Cramer’s counsel agreed on a plea agreement
that included an agreed sentence of 20 years to life plus the gun specification.
Cramer pleaded guilty to an amended indictment, and at the plea hearing, the trial
court explained Cramer’s rights in accordance with Crim.R. 11(C). Cramer
responded that he understood the nature of the proceedings, the plea agreement,
and indicated that he was satisfied with his counsel’s representation.
After ensuring that Cramer understood his constitutional rights and
the effects of his guilty plea, the trial court found that his plea was made knowingly,
intelligently, and voluntarily. Both the state and Cramer’s counsel indicated that the
trial court complied with Crim.R. 11.
At sentencing, Cramer’s trial counsel explained that Cramer blamed
Reed for Cramer’s father’s death, Cramer was under the influence of alcohol at the
time of the murder, and that Cramer took full responsibility for his actions. Cramer
also apologized to the family, and the trial court described the apology as “more than
heartfelt.” (Tr. 25.) Cramer’s counsel requested that the trial court impose the
recommended sentence.
The trial court imposed the recommended sentence and sentenced
Cramer to 20 years imprisonment to life for aggravated murder, three years for the
gun specification to be served prior to aggravated murder, and nine months for
having a weapon while under a disability. The trial court ran the nine-month
sentence concurrently for an aggregate sentence of life with parole eligibility after
23 years’ imprisonment.
On May 25, 2022, Cramer filed pro se motions for a delayed appeal,
preparation of the transcript, and for the appointment of counsel. This court
granted Cramer’s motions and appointed counsel to represent him. Based on the
belief that no prejudicial error occurred below and that any grounds for appeal
would be frivolous, Cramer’s appointed counsel filed a motion to withdraw pursuant
to Anders, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493. Cramer had an opportunity
to file his own merit brief but did not file a brief.
II. Anders
In Anders, the United States Supreme Court outlined a procedure for
counsel to withdraw due to the lack of any meritorious grounds for appeal.
Specifically, if after a conscientious examination of the record, counsel finds the
appeal to be wholly frivolous, he or she should advise the court and request
permission to withdraw. Id. at 744. Counsel’s request, however, must be
accompanied by a brief that references anything in the record that could arguably
support the appeal. Id. Counsel must also furnish his or her client with a copy of
the brief, and the court must provide the defendant sufficient time to file his or her
own pro se brief. Id.Once these requirements are satisfied, the appellate court must
complete an independent examination of the trial court proceedings to determine
whether the appeal is “wholly frivolous.” Id. If the court’s independent review
demonstrates that a possible issue exists, the court must discharge current counsel
and appoint new counsel to prosecute the appeal. Id. On the other hand, if the court
determines the appeal is wholly frivolous, the appellate court will grant the motion
to withdraw and dismiss the appeal. Id.“Here, we must consider whether to grant counsel’s request to
withdraw because any appeal would be wholly frivolous.” Id. at ¶ 10. Although
Cramer’s appointed counsel reviewed the record and concluded that no meritorious
arguments can be made on Cramer’s behalf, counsel presents six potential errors:
1. The trial court violated Crim.R. 11(C) and denied appellant due
process of law and his right to counsel by failing to inform
appellant of his right to counsel before accepting his guilty
pleas;
2. The trial court violated Crim.R. 11(C) and denied appellant due
process of law by failing to inform appellant of his right to a
bench trial;
3. The trial court violated Crim.R. 11(C)(3) and denied appellant
due process of law by failing to require appellant to plead
separately to the charge and the specification;
4. The trial court abused its discretion by denying appellant’s
request for a referral to the Psychiatric Clinic for a mitigation of
punishment report;
5. The trial court violated Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) and denied
appellant due process of law by failing to determine that he
understood the nature of the charges involved; and
6. The trial court violated Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) and denied
appellant due process of law by failing to inform appellant of
the maximum penalty involved.
We will address the potential assignments of error one, two, three,
five, and six first, and then address potential assignment of error four last.
III. Crim.R. 11
“The underlying purpose of Crim.R. 11 is to convey certain
information to a defendant so that they can make a voluntary and intelligent
decision regarding whether to plead guilty.” State v. Poage, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga
No. 110577, 2022-Ohio-467, ¶ 9, citing State v. Ballard, 66 Ohio St.2d 473, 479-480,
423 N.E.2d 115 (1981). “‘The standard for reviewing whether the trial court accepted
a plea in compliance with Crim.R. 11(C) is a de novo standard of review.” Id., quoting
State v. Cardwell, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 92796, 2009-Ohio-6827, ¶ 26, citing
State v. Stewart, 51 Ohio St.2d 86, 364 N.E.2d 1163 (1977).
“In order to ensure that a defendant enters a plea knowingly,
intelligently, and voluntarily, a trial court must engage in an oral dialogue with the
defendant in accordance with Crim.R. 11(C).” Poage at ¶ 10, citing State v. Engle,
74 Ohio St.3d 525, 527, 660 N.E.2d 450 (1996). Crim.R. 11(C) outlines the trial
court’s duties in accepting guilty pleas:
(1) Where in a felony case the defendant is unrepresented by counsel
the court shall not accept a plea of guilty or no contest unless the
defendant, after being readvised that he or she has the right to be
represented by retained counsel, or pursuant to Crim.R. 44 by
appointed counsel, waives this right.
(2) In felony cases the court may refuse to accept a plea of guilty or a
plea of no contest, and shall not accept a plea of guilty or no contest
without first addressing the defendant personally and doing all of the
following:
(a) Determining that the defendant is making the plea
voluntarily, with understanding of the nature of the charges and
of the maximum penalty involved, and if applicable, that the
defendant is not eligible for probation or for the imposition of
community control sanctions at the sentencing hearing.
(b) Informing the defendant of and determining that the
defendant understands the effect of the plea of guilty or no
contest, and that the court, upon acceptance of the plea, may
proceed with judgment and sentence.
(c) Informing the defendant and determining that the
defendant understands that by the plea the defendant is
waiving the rights to jury trial, to confront witnesses against
him or her, to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses
in the defendant’s favor, and to require the state to prove the
defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt at a trial at which
the defendant cannot be compelled to testify against himself or
herself.
(3) With respect to aggravated murder committed on and after
January 1, 1974, the defendant shall plead separately to the charge and
to each specification, if any. A plea of guilty or no contest to the charge
waives the defendant’s right to a jury trial, and before accepting a plea
of guilty or no contest the court shall so advise the defendant and
determine that the defendant understands the consequences of the
plea.
If the indictment contains no specification, and a plea of guilty or no
contest to the charge is accepted, the court shall impose the sentence
provided by law.
If the indictment contains one or more specifications, and a plea of
guilty or no contest to the charge is accepted, the court may dismiss
the specifications and impose sentence accordingly, in the interests of
justice.
If the indictment contains one or more specifications that are not
dismissed upon acceptance of a plea of guilty or no contest to the
charge, or if pleas of guilty or no contest to both the charge and one or
more specifications are accepted, a court composed of three judges
shall:1 (a) determine whether the offense was aggravated murder or a
lesser offense; and (b) if the offense is determined to have been a
lesser offense, impose sentence accordingly; or (c) if the offense is
determined to have been aggravated murder, proceed as provided by
law to determine the presence or absence of the specified aggravating
circumstances and of mitigating circumstances, and impose sentence
accordingly.
“When a trial court fails to explain the constitutional rights outlined
in Crim.R. 11 that a defendant waives by pleading guilty, we presume that the plea
was entered involuntarily and unknowingly, and no showing of prejudice is
required.” Poage at ¶ 11, citing State v. Dangler, 162 Ohio St.3d 1, 2020-Ohio-2765,
164 N.E.3d 286, ¶ 14.
A. The trial court violated Crim.R. 11(C) and denied appellant
due process of law and his right to counsel by failing to
inform appellant of his right to counsel before accepting his
guilty pleas.
At the plea hearing, the trial court failed to advise Cramer of his right
to counsel. Crim.R. 11(C)(1) states that
[w]here in a felony case the defendant is unrepresented by counsel the
court shall not accept a plea of guilty or no contest unless the
defendant, after being readvised that he or she has the right to be
represented by retained counsel, or pursuant to Crim.R. 44 by
appointed counsel, waives this right.
1 A three-judge panel is required when the defendant is pleading guilty to
aggravated murder, a crime punishable by death, and capital punishment is a possibility.
However, in this instant case, the trial court agreed to the agreed-upon sentence and not
a death sentence. See State v. Kelley, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 87324, 2006-Ohio-5432,
¶ 18-20.
However, Cramer was represented by counsel, so the trial court was under no
obligation to advise Cramer that he had a right to counsel. See State v. Gooch, 162
Ohio App.3d 105, 2005-Ohio-3476, 832 N.E.2d 821, ¶ 8 (8th Dist.) (“[T]he court is
not obliged to advise defendant of his right to retained or appointed counsel if the
defendant already has counsel.”); State v. Block, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 91417 and
91418, 2009-Ohio-2713, ¶ 9.
This potential assignment of error has no merit.
B. The trial court violated Crim.R. 11(C) and denied appellant
due process of law by failing to inform appellant of his right
to a bench trial.
At the plea hearing, the trial court advised Cramer of his right to a jury
trial, but not his right to a bench trial. (Tr. 8.) “The right to trial by jury is guaranteed
by the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, and it is one of the
five constitutional trial rights a criminal defendant must be advised of.” State v.
Lewis, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 107552, 2019-Ohio-1994, ¶ 12, citing Ballard, 66
Ohio St.2d at 479, 423 N.E.2d 115. “A defendant’s option to be tried without a jury,
although provided in R.C. 2945.05, is not a constitutional right, neither is it
mentioned anywhere in Crim.R. 11(C).” Id.“For over 30 years, this court has also consistently rejected the claim
that the trial court is required to inform defendants of the option of a bench trial in
order for a guilty plea to be valid.” Id. at ¶ 13, citing State v. Timmons, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 105940, 2018-Ohio-2837; State v. Steele, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga
No. 85901, 2005-Ohio-5541; State v. Jackson, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 80257, 2002-
Ohio-4189, ¶ 15; State v. Cannon, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 67952, 1995 Ohio App.
LEXIS 4858 (Nov. 2, 1995); and State v. Luster, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 49248, 1985
Ohio App. LEXIS 8120 (June 20, 1985).
This potential assignment of error has no merit.
C. The trial court violated Crim.R. 11(C)(3) and denied
appellant due process of law by failing to require appellant
to plead separately to the charge and the specification.
At the plea hearing, the trial court did not require Cramer to plead
separately to the charges and the specifications. Crim.R. 11(C)(3) states, in part:
“With respect to aggravated murder committed on and after January 1, 1974, the
defendant shall plead separately to the charge and to each specification, if any.”
During the plea hearing, the trial court stated:
Court: Okay. Penalty wise, you’ll be pleading guilty to aggravated
murder and a 3-year firearm specification in Count 1. The
1-year firearm specification I understand is going to be
dismissed. That is an unclassified felony. You will have to
serve a mandatory 3 years of incarceration on the firearm
specification. That will be served prior to and consecutive
with the 20-year-to-life sentence on the base count of
aggravated murder. You will serve a minimum mandatory
sentence of 23 years and then it will be up to the Parole
Board to decide whether you should get parole after your
23rd year. Do you understand those penalties?
Cramer: Yes, Your honor.
(Emphasis added.) (Tr. 9-10.)
We find that the trial court substantially complied with
Crim.R. 11(C)(3). See State v. Gurley, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 70586, 1997 Ohio
App. LEXIS 2414 (June 5, 1997). “The test is whether the plea would otherwise have
been made.” Id., citing State v. Thrower, 62 Ohio App. 3d 359, 383, 575 N.E.2d 863(1989). The sentence was agreed upon between the state and Cramer. The record
does not reflect that Cramer would not have otherwise made his guilty plea. See also
State ex rel. Henry v. McMonagle, 87 Ohio St.3d 543, 545, 721 N.E.2d 1051 (2000)
(noting that the three-judge requirement in R.C. 2945.06 and Crim.R. 11(C)(3) only
applies when a defendant is charged with an offense that is punishable by death and,
therefore, neither requires a three-judge panel accept a guilty plea if the death
penalty is no longer a possible sentence).
This potential assignment of error has no merit.
D. The trial court violated Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) and denied
appellant due process of law by failing to determine that he
understood the nature of the charges involved. The trial
court violated Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) and denied appellant due
process of law by failing to inform appellant of the
maximum penalty involved.
We will address potential assignments of error five and six together.
Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) states:
(2) In felony cases the court may refuse to accept a plea of guilty or a
plea of no contest, and shall not accept a plea of guilty or no contest
without first addressing the defendant personally and doing all of the
following:
(a) Determining that the defendant is making the plea
voluntarily, with understanding of the nature of the charges and
of the maximum penalty involved, and if applicable, that the
defendant is not eligible for probation or for the imposition of
community control sanctions at the sentencing hearing.
The trial court reviewed Cramer’s understanding of the charges and
the penalties involved. The state and Cramer made a plea deal, and the trial court
ensured that Cramer understood the terms of the deal. The trial court stated:
Court: Okay. Penalty wise, you’ll be pleading guilty to aggravated
murder and a 3-year firearm specification in Count 1. The
1-year firearm specification I understand is going to be
dismissed. That is an unclassified felony. You will have to
serve a mandatory 3 years of incarceration on the firearm
specification. That will be served prior to and consecutive
with the 20-year-to-life sentence on the base count of
aggravated murder. You will serve a minimum mandatory
sentence of 23 years and then it will be up to the Parole
Board to decide whether you should get parole after your
23rd year. Do you understand those penalties?
Cramer: Yes, Your honor.
(Tr. 9-10.)
The trial court then stated:
And then in Count 4 you will be pleading guilty to having a weapon
under disability. That carries with it a separate potential prison term
of between 9 and 36 months and a fine of up to $10,000. Do you
understand those possible penalties for Count 4?
***
Okay. Following your release on Count 4, you will be subject to a
potential 3-year period of post-release control. I guess it would run
concurrently to the term of your parole if released on Count 1. If you
violate the terms of your post-release control, the Parole Board can
sanction you with additional prison sanctions of up to one-half of the
Court’s originally entered sentence.
If you commit a felony while on post-release control, you can be
ordered to serve the greater of 1 year or the remaining time period left
on your 3-year period of post-release control. Do you understand
that?
***
That being said, the Court doesn’t find any reason to not go along with
the recommendations made by the State and your counsel in regards
to sentencing.
(Tr. 11-12.)
Cramer indicated that he understood the charges, the penalties, and
postrelease control conditions. If the trial court failed to advise Cramer, it would be
a violation of a nonconstitutional right. “When the appellant raises a violation of a
nonconstitutional right found in Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) and (b), however, we look for
substantial compliance.” State v. Hinton, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102710, 2015-
Ohio-4907, ¶ 23, citing State v. Joachim, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 90616, 2008-
Ohio-4876. “‘“Under this standard, a slight deviation from the text of the rule is
permissible; so long as the totality of the circumstances indicates that ‘the defendant
subjectively understands the implications of his plea and the rights he is waiving,’
the plea may be upheld.’’’” Id., quoting State v. Clark, 119 Ohio St.3d 239, 2008-
Ohio-3748, 893 N.E.2d 462, ¶ 31, quoting State v. Nero, 56 Ohio St.3d 106, 108, 564
N.E.2d 474 (1990).
Per the Supreme Court,
[t]he questions to be answered are simply: (1) has the trial court
complied with the relevant provision of the rule? (2) if the court has not
complied fully with the rule, is the purported failure of a type that
excuses a defendant from the burden of demonstrating prejudice? and
(3) if a showing of prejudice is required, has the defendant met that
burden?
Dangler, 162 Ohio St.3d 1, 2020-Ohio-2765, 164 N.E.3d 286, ¶ 17.
However, we find that the trial court fully complied with
Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a). These potential assignments of error have no merit.
IV. Denial of Request for a Referral to the Psychiatric Clinic
At the beginning of the plea hearing, Cramer’s counsel stated to the
trial court:
If the Court does in fact accept the plea, we reserve a motion to make
further mitigation to the Court with respect to a Presentence Report
and a Mitigation of Penalty Report to make it part of the record at this
point in time to go to the institution. Thank you, Your Honor.
(Tr. 6.)
The trial court asked for further clarification, and Cramer’s counsel
stated:
And then a Mitigation of Penalty Report for the purposes of the
situation, Your Honor. In my conversations, alcohol played a very
significant role in this case and we want to have a full record of all the
mitigation that we can at this point in time to go to the institution with
Robert. Thank you.
Id.After the trial court took Cramer’s guilty plea, it stated: “I’m not sure
we need to burden the psych department with a mitigation report. The Court is
certainly willing to read any kind of sentencing memorandum that you would like to
put together.” (Tr. 13.) “‘Psychological reports in support of mitigation of sentence
are discretionary with the trial court under R.C. 2947.06.’” State v. Pinkney, 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 91861, 2010-Ohio-237, ¶ 21, quoting State v. Peeples, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 54708, 1988 Ohio App. LEXIS 5294 (Dec. 22, 1998). “‘It is within the
court’s sound discretion to determine whether additional expert services ‘are
reasonably necessary for the proper representation of a defendant’ at the sentencing
hearing.’” Id., quoting State v. Esparza, 39 Ohio St.3d 8, 529 N.E.2d 192 (1988).
See also State v. Gunnels, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 107351, 2019-Ohio-2822, ¶ 12
(“R.C. 2947.06 grants a trial court discretion to order a psychological report in
support of sentence mitigation.”).
The record does not indicate that the trial court abused its discretion
by denying a psychological report. The trial court imposed the sentence that was
recommended by the state and Cramer. Thus, Cramer was not prejudiced by the
trial court’s decision.
This potential assignment of error has no merit.
The record reflects that Cramer’s guilty plea was made knowingly,
intelligently, and voluntarily, and that the trial court complied with Crim.R. 11. We
agreed with appointed counsel that any error raised on appeal would be wholly
frivolous. Thus, pursuant to Anders, counsel’s request to withdraw is granted, and
the appeal is dismissed.
Dismissed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to
Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
______________________________________
ANITA LASTER MAYS, ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE
EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, J., and
MICHAEL JOHN RYAN, J., CONCUR