State v. Kinney , 2018 Ohio 2785 ( 2018 )

[Cite as State v. Kinney, 2018-Ohio-2785.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
SEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
MONROE COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
RICHARD LEE KINNEY,
Defendant-Appellant.
OPINION AND JUDGMENT ENTRY
Case No. 17 MO 0016
Criminal Appeal from the
Court of Common Pleas of Monroe County, Ohio
Case No. 2016-118
BEFORE:
Cheryl L. Waite, Gene Donofrio, Carol Ann Robb, Judges.
JUDGMENT:
Reversed and Remanded.
Atty. James L. Peters, Monroe County Prosecutor, 101 North Main Street, Room 15,
P.O. Box 430, Woodsfield, Ohio 43793-0430, for Plaintiff-Appellee
Atty. Sidney N. Freeman, McNamara, Demczyk Co., L.P.A., 12370 Cleveland Avenue,
N.W., P.O. Box 867, Uniontown, Ohio 44685 and
Atty. Matt Fortado, 1700 W. Market St., #177, Akron, Ohio 44313, Attorneys for
Defendant-Appellant
Dated: June 29, 2018
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WAITE, J.
{¶1} Appellant Richard Lee Kinney challenges the sentence of the Monroe
County Court of Common Pleas following his plea of no contest to charges of
aggravated vehicular homicide and two counts of operating a vehicle while intoxicated
(“OVI”). Appellant argues that the trial court erred by failing to adhere to the
requirements of R.C. 2929.12 before imposing a seven-year sentence. On review, the
record reflects that Appellant’s sentence fell within the sentencing range and the trial
court purported to conduct an analysis of the statutory factors. However, the trial court’s
analysis, both at the sentencing hearing and in the written judgment entry of sentence,
does not appear to consider the requisite statutory factors. Moreover, the trial court
cited the incorrect statute at both the sentencing hearing and in the written judgment
entry. Accordingly, the decision of the trial court is reversed in part and the matter is
remanded for a limited resentencing to review the appropriate sentencing statutes.
Factual and Procedural History
{¶2} On March 30, 2016, Appellant was helping a friend excavate. He had his
own excavator, towed on a trailer behind his pickup truck. After working, Appellant
consumed twelve beers and then elected to drive home in his truck, hauling the
excavator. The victim, Mary Lu Riley (“Riley”), was driving in the opposite direction,
toward Appellant, on a two-lane road in Monroe County. Appellant’s rig went left of
center hitting Riley’s car head-on. Appellant was apparently not immediately aware that
he hit Riley and did not stop. He returned to the area a short time later, however, and
remained at the scene until law enforcement arrived. Riley was pinned in her car for
approximately an hour before help arrived. She died at the hospital some time later.
Case No. 17 MO 0016
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Police performed a field sobriety test on Appellant and then a breathalyzer test. He
tested at three times over the legal limit.
{¶3} On April 22, 2016, Appellant was indicted on one count of aggravated
vehicular homicide in violation of R.C. 2903.06(A)(1)(a), a felony of the second degree;
OVI in violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a), a first degree misdemeanor; one count of OVI
in violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(h), a first degree misdemeanor; and one count of
failure to control in violation of R.C. 4511.202, a minor misdemeanor. Appellant
appeared for arraignment on April 25, 2016 and entered a plea of not guilty. Bond was
set and the matter was scheduled for a jury trial.
{¶4} On May 1, 2017, a change of plea hearing was held where Appellant
pleaded no contest to one count of aggravated vehicular homicide and two counts of
OVI. Appellant was placed under electronically monitored house arrest while awaiting
sentencing. A presentence investigation was ordered. On June 26, 2017, a sentencing
hearing was held and Appellant was sentenced to a seven-year term of imprisonment
for aggravated vehicular homicide and 180 days on each of the OVI counts. These
were to run concurrently, however, with the aggravated vehicular homicide sentence.
The court also ordered a lifetime driving suspension and two days of jail time credit.
Appellant filed a motion for resentencing with the trial court on July 25, 2017, but filed
this appeal on July 26, 2017. The trial court denied Appellant’s motion on August 3,
2017. Realizing the trial court lacked jurisdiction to issue that judgment, Appellant filed
a motion with this Court seeking a partial remand to allow jurisdiction in the trial court to
consider his motion for resentencing and permit an oral hearing to present evidence. In
a judgment entry dated November 3, 2017, we denied Appellant’s motion. On
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November 8, 2017, the state filed a notice that it did not intend to file an appellate brief,
stating that it had agreed to remain silent regarding sentencing. Appellant presents a
single assignment of error on appeal:
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED, TO THE PREJUDICE OF MR. KINNEY, BY
IMPOSING A SENTENCE NOT SUPPORTED BY THE RECORD.
{¶5} Appellant first contends the trial court erred in imposing a sentence that is
not supported by the evidence and is not consistent with and proportional to similar
offenders. As previously held by us and as Appellant notes in his brief, appellate
arguments relating to proportionality and consistency must be first raised in the trial
court. In State v. Williams, 7th Dist. No. 11 MA 131, 2012-Ohio-6277, ¶ 77, we held, “a
disproportionality argument must be raised in the trial court and the defendant must
present some evidence to the trial court for analysis in order to preserve the issue for
appeal.” Id. Appellant did not raise this issue to the trial court before filing his appeal.
In an attempt to avoid Williams, Appellant filed a motion with us for a limited remand
seeking to belatedly present those arguments to the trial court. As noted in our
judgment entry overruling the motion, “Appellant essentially asks us to peremptorily rule
in his favor in this appeal and allow the trial court to change the sentence based on
arguments that have not yet been presented on appeal.” (11/6/17 J.E.) Appellant does
not have a right to a second bite at the apple: a second chance to raise an argument
that he was required to make in the first instance to the trial court. Therefore,
Appellant’s arguments relating to proportionality and consistency are not properly before
us and will not be considered.
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{¶6} Regarding the remainder of Appellant’s argument, “[t]he trial court has full
discretion to impose any sentence within the authorized statutory range, and the court is
not required to make any findings or give its reasons for imposing maximum or more
than minimum sentences.” State v. King, 2013-Ohio-2021, 992 N.E.2d 491, ¶ 45 (2d
Dist.). In exercising that discretion, however, a trial court must consider the statutory
principles that apply in felony cases, including those found in R.C. 2929.11 and R.C.
2929.12. State v. Mathis, 109 Ohio St.3d 54, 2006-Ohio-855, 846 N.E.2d 1, ¶ 38.
{¶7} R.C. 2929.11 mandates that trial courts be guided by the overriding
principles of felony sentencing including as a goal “to protect the public from future
crime by the offender and others and to punish the offender using the minimum
sanctions that the court determines accomplish those purposes without imposing an
unnecessary burden on state or local government resources.” The trial court must
“consider the need for incapacitating the offender, deterring the offender and others
from future crime, rehabilitating the offender, and making restitution to the victim of the
offense, the public, or both.” R.C. 2929.11(A).
{¶8} R.C. 2929.11(B) reads:
A sentence imposed for a felony shall be reasonably calculated to achieve
the two overriding purposes of felony sentencing * * * commensurate with
and not demeaning to the seriousness of the offender's conduct and its
impact upon the victim, and consistent with sentences imposed for similar
crimes committed by similar offenders.
{¶9} R.C. 2929.12(B) enumerates nine factors which indicate an offender’s
conduct is more serious than conduct normally constituting the offense. These factors
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include whether the physical or mental injury to the victim was exacerbated because of
the victim’s physical or mental condition; serious physical, psychological, or economic
harm suffered by the victim as a result of the offense; whether the offender’s
relationship with the victim facilitated the offense; and whether the offender committed
the offense for hire or as part of an organized crime activity.
{¶10} R.C. 2929.12(C) sets forth factors which indicate the offender’s conduct is
less serious than conduct normally constituting the offense: whether the offender acted
under strong provocation; whether, in committing the offense, the offender did not cause
or expect to cause physical harm to any person or property; and the existence of
substantial grounds to mitigate the offender’s conduct, although the grounds are not
enough to constitute a defense. R.C. 2929.12(D) and (E) relate to factors trial courts
are to consider in deciding whether the offender is likely to commit future crimes.
Finally, R.C. 2929.12(F) requires the sentencing court to consider the offender’s military
service record.
{¶11} At the sentencing hearing, Appellant spoke on his own behalf and
presented 21 letters from friends and family for mitigation purposes. The state and the
victim’s advocate were afforded the opportunity to make a statement. Letters from
several of the victim’s family members were read into the record. At the conclusion of
the hearing, the trial court addressed Appellant, noting that it had reviewed the
presentence investigation report and concluded, pursuant to R.C. 2929.13(B), that
Appellant had caused serious physical harm to a person in taking Riley’s life through
Appellant’s “poor choice.” Although the trial court’s language at hearing and in the
judgment entry aligns with the language of R.C. 2929.12, we cannot presume that the
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trial court was referring to R.C. 2929.12(B) when considering this factor because at both
the sentencing hearing and in the written judgment entry of sentence the trial court cites
to R.C. 2929.13(B).
{¶12} In analyzing the other statutory provisions, the trial court indicated that it
had considered the principles and purposes of sentencing set forth in R.C. 2929.11 and
found Appellant was not amenable to any available community control sanction. The
trial court noted at hearing that Appellant was subject to a mandatory prison sentence
and that lesser sanctions would demean the seriousness of the offense. The trial court
also noted that a prison term was necessary to punish Appellant and “deter, rehabilitate,
and incapacitate the defendant in order to protect the public from future crimes, and
would not place an unnecessary burden on governmental resources.” (6/26/17 J.E., p.
2.)
{¶13} Although the trial court must be given discretion to conduct a meaningful
analysis and make the requisite statutory findings, it does not clearly appear, from the
record of this sentencing hearing and the judgment entry, that the trial court conducted
the requisite analysis of the matter before imposing Appellant’s sentence. We
recognize that the seven-year sentence imposed by the trial court is within the statutory
range of two to eight years for a second degree felony. However, at the sentencing
hearing the trial court mentioned only that Appellant had made a “poor choice” and did
not cite to any other factual findings to support the sentence, such as the amount of
alcohol imbibed by Appellant (12 beers) or the fact that Appellant was not initially certain
that he had collided with the victim’s vehicle due to the level of his inebriation, leading to
a delay in the arrival of assistance. (6/26/17 Tr., p. 14.) Without a more demonstrable
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indication that the trial court found and ruled on additional factors beyond Appellant’s
“poor choice,” we cannot conclude the trial court conducted a meaningful analysis.
Additionally, although we have previously remanded matters for nunc pro tunc judgment
entries to correct clerical errors, because the statutory reference at both the sentencing
hearing and in the judgment entry of sentence are both based on the incorrect
sentencing statute, this error appears to be more than a mere clerical mistake and so
the trial court must also consider Appellant’s sentence in light of the appropriate statute.
Therefore, we remand the matter for the limited purpose of conducting a new
sentencing hearing so that sentence can be imposed in accordance with the relevant
felony sentencing statutes consistent with this Opinion.
Conclusion
{¶14} Based on the foregoing, we sustain Appellant’s assignment of error.
Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court is reversed in part and the matter is
remanded for a limited resentencing based on the appropriate sentencing statutes and
containing an indication on the record that those statutes were considered prior to
imposing sentence.
Donofrio, J., concurs.
Robb, P.J., concurs.
Case No. 17 MO 0016
[Cite as State v. Kinney, 2018-Ohio-2785.]
For the reasons stated in the Opinion rendered herein, the assignment of error is
sustained and it is the final judgment and order of this Court that the judgment of the
Court of Common Pleas of Monroe County, Ohio, is reversed in part. We hereby
remand this matter to the trial court for the limited purpose of conducting a new
sentencing hearing so that sentence can be imposed in accordance with the relevant
felony sentencing statutes and containing an indication on the record that those statutes
were considered prior to imposing sentence according to law and consistent with this
Court’s Opinion. Costs to be taxed against the Appellee.
A certified copy of this opinion and judgment entry shall constitute the mandate in
this case pursuant to Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure. It is ordered that a
certified copy be sent by the clerk to the trial court to carry this judgment into execution.
NOTICE TO COUNSEL
This document constitutes a final judgment entry.