State v. Salmons , 2019 Ohio 3541 ( 2019 )

[Cite as State v. Salmons, 2019-Ohio-3541.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
UNION COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO,
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, CASE NO. 14-19-02
v.
PHILIP SALMONS, OPINION
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
Appeal from Union County Common Pleas Court
Trial Court No. 18-CR-0202
Judgment Affirmed
Date of Decision: September 3, 2019
APPEARANCES:
Alison Boggs for Appellant
Raymond Kelly Hamilton for Appellee
Case No. 14-19-02
PRESTON, J.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant, Philip Salmons (“Salmons”), appeals the
December 27, 2018 judgment of sentence of the Union County Court of Common
Pleas. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.
{¶2} On August 10, 2018, the Union County Grand Jury indicted Salmons
on two Counts: Count One of operating a vehicle under the influence of alcohol, a
drug of abuse or a combination of them in violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a),
(G)(1)(e), a third-degree felony, and Count Two of endangering children in violation
of R.C. 2919.22(C)(1), (E)(5)(a), a first-degree misdemeanor. (Doc. No. 1). Count
One also included a specification for an additional prison term for repeat OVI
offenders under R.C. 2941.1413(A). (Id.). On September 4, 2018, Salmons
appeared for arraignment and entered pleas of not guilty to the counts and
specification in the indictment. (Doc. No. 5).
{¶3} On December 14, 2018, under a negotiated plea agreement, Salmons
withdrew his pleas of not guilty and entered a plea of guilty to Count One of the
indictment and its accompanying specification. (Doc. No. 26). (See Doc. No. 25).
In exchange, the State agreed to recommend dismissal of Count Two. (Doc. No.
26). (See Doc. No. 25). The trial court accepted Salmons’s guilty pleas, found him
guilty, and ordered a presentence investigation. (Doc. No. 26). The trial court also
approved the State’s application for dismissal of Count Two of the indictment and
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dismissed the same. (Id.). The trial court filed its judgment entry of conviction on
December 17, 2018. (Id.).
{¶4} On December 27, 2018, the trial court sentenced Salmons to four years
of mandatory imprisonment as to the repeat-offender specification under Count
One. (Doc. No. 29). Additionally, the trial court sentenced Salmons to five years
of community control on the underlying OVI offense under Count One. (Id.).
Finally, the trial court ordered that the prison sentence imposed in the present case
run consecutively to the prison sentences imposed in Union County Court of
Common Pleas case numbers 17-CR-0225 and 18-CR-0027. (Id.). The trial court
filed its judgment entry of sentence on the same day. (Doc. No. 29).
{¶5} On January 14, 2019, Salmons filed his notice of appeal. (Doc. No. 35).
He raises three assignments of error, which we address together.
Assignment of Error No. I
The trial court’s sentence is contrary to law.
Assignment of Error No. II
The trial court abused its discretion when it ordered a maximum
sentence on the underlying OVI case.
Assignment of Error No. III
The trial court erred in calculating jail time credit.
{¶6} Salmons’s first two assignments of error concern related issues and,
accordingly, will be addressed together. In his first assignment of error, Salmons
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argues that the trial court erred by imposing a sentence that is contrary to law.
Specifically, Salmons argues that the trial court erred by sentencing him to an
aggregate prison term in excess of thirty-six months for the repeat-offender
specification and the underlying OVI charge. (Appellant’s Brief at 3-7). In his
second assignment of error, Salmons argues that the trial court abused its discretion
by sentencing him to a maximum sentence on the underlying OVI offense. (Id. at
7-10).
{¶7} “Under R.C. 2953.08(G)(2), an appellate court will reverse a sentence
‘only if it determines by clear and convincing evidence that the record does not
support the trial court’s findings under relevant statutes or that the sentence is
otherwise contrary to law.’” State v. Nienberg, 3d Dist. Putnam Nos. 12-16-15 and
12-16-16, 2017-Ohio-2920, ¶ 8, quoting State v. Marcum, 146 Ohio St. 3d 516,
2016-Ohio-1002, ¶ 1. “Clear and convincing evidence is that “‘which will produce
in the mind of the trier of facts a firm belief or conviction as to the facts sought to
be established.”’” Id., quoting Marcum at ¶ 22, quoting Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio
St. 469 (1954), paragraph three of the syllabus.
{¶8} “‘Trial courts have full discretion to impose any sentence within the
statutory range.’” State v. Smith, 3d Dist. Seneca No. 13-15-17, 2015-Ohio-4225, ¶
9, quoting State v. Noble, 3d Dist. Logan No. 8-14-06, 2014-Ohio-5485, ¶ 9, citing
State v. Saldana, 3d Dist. Putnam No. 12-12-09, 2013-Ohio-1122, ¶ 20. Salmons
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was convicted of driving a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or drugs in
violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a). Because Salmons has been previously
convicted of a felony violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a), the underlying OVI
offense was charged as a third-degree felony. See R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(e). As a
third-degree felony that is not one of the excepted third-degree felonies listed in
R.C. 2929.14(A)(3)(a), the sentencing court may impose a prison term of 9 to 36
months. R.C. 2929.14(A)(3)(b) (Oct. 17, 2017) (current version at R.C.
2929.14(A)(3)(b) (Mar. 22, 2019)); R.C. 2929.13(G)(2) (Oct. 17, 2017) (current
version at R.C. 2929.13(G)(2) (Mar. 22, 2019)). See R.C. 2929.14(A)(3)(a) (Oct.
17, 2017) (current version at R.C. 2929.14(A)(3)(a)). Salmons also pleaded guilty
to a repeat-OVI-offender specification under R.C. 2941.1413(A), which required
the trial court to impose a “a mandatory prison term of one, two, three, four, or five
years” with respect to the specification. R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(e)(i). See R.C.
2929.13(G)(2) (Oct. 17, 2017) (current version at R.C. 2929.13(G)(2) (Mar. 2,
2019)).
{¶9} The trial court imposed a sentence of four years’ mandatory
imprisonment on the repeat-offender specification. On the underlying OVI
conviction, the trial court sentenced Salmons to five years of community control.
Additionally, the trial court specified that the sentence in the present case shall run
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consecutively to the sentence imposed in Union County Case Numbers 17-CR-0225
and 18-CR-0027.1 Thus, the trial court’s sentences fall within the statutory ranges.
{¶10} Nevertheless, Salmons argues that the trial court erred by sentencing
him to a prison term that exceeds 36 months. In support of his position, Salmons
references R.C. 2929.14(B)(4), which states in pertinent part, that “[t]he total of the
additional prison term imposed under [R.C. 2929.14(B)(4)] * * * shall equal one of
the authorized prison terms specified in division (A)(3) of this section for a third
degree felony OVI offense.” Salmons argues that this language indicates that the
trial court was only authorized to impose an aggregate prison sentence of 36 months,
the maximum sentence for the underlying OVI offense. We disagree.
{¶11} In State v. South, the Ohio Supreme Court addressed the issue of
whether a defendant convicted of a third-degree felony OVI and an R.C. 2941.1413
specification can be sentenced to a five-year prison sentence or whether the
maximum sentence the trial court can impose is three years. 144 Ohio St. 3d 295,
2015-Ohio-3930, ¶ 6. The court in South reviewed R.C. 4511.19, 2941.1413,
2929.13, and 2929.14 and determined that defendants convicted of a third-degree-
felony-OVI charge and a repeat-offender specification under R.C. 2941.1413 are
subject to: “(1) a one-to-five-year mandatory prison term for the repeat-offender-
specification conviction, which must be served prior to and consecutive to any
1
The parties do not dispute that the trial court correctly made consecutive-sentencing findings. (See Doc.
No. 29; Dec. 27, 2019 Tr. at 31).
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additional prison term imposed under R.C. 2929.14(A)(3)(b) and (2) a discretionary
9-to 36-month definite prison term for the underlying OVI conviction.” Id. at ¶ 19.
Thus, Salmons’s total exposure was five years’ imprisonment on the repeat-
offender-specification conviction and 36-months’ imprisonment on the underlying
OVI offense, for an aggregate total exposure of eight-years’ imprisonment.
Therefore, the trial court did not act contrary to law by sentencing Salmons to four-
years’ imprisonment on the repeat-offender specification.
{¶12} Nonetheless, Salmons asks that we decline to follow South. In support
of his position, Salmons cites State v. Semenchuk, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. CR-14-
588154-A, 2015-Ohio-5408. Salmons contends that in Semenchuk, the Eighth
District reviewed South and concluded that “a court was prohibited from imposing
a sentence greater than the statutory maximum when adding [] mandatory time with
discretionary time.” (Appellant’s Brief at 6, citing Semenchuk at ¶ 10). Salmons
interprets Semenchuk to mean that a defendant convicted of a third-degree felony
OVI and a repeat-offender specification has a total exposure of 36 months. (Id. at
6). However, the defendant in Semenchuk was not convicted of an R.C. 2941.1413
repeat-offender specification. Semenchuk at ¶ 4. In fact, the court distinguished
Semenchuk’s case from South on this basis and acknowledged that Semenchuk’s
maximum exposure for a third-degree felony OVI was three years irrespective of
the South decision because Semenchuk was not convicted of a repeat-offender
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specification under R.C. 2941.1413. Id. Accordingly, we conclude that Semenchuk
is distinguishable from the instant case and that South controls. Thus, the trial court
did not err by imposing a four-year prison term for the repeat-offender specification.
{¶13} In his second assignment of error and throughout his brief, Salmons
mistakenly asserts that he was sentenced to 36 months in prison on the underlying
OVI offense. In support of his contention that a 36-month prison sentence was
imposed on the underlying OVI offense, Salmons argues that by notifying him that
the trial court may impose a prison term of up to 36 months in the event that he
violates his community control, the trial court thereby imposed a 36-month prison
term. (Appellant’s Brief at 7-10).
{¶14} Under R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(e)(i), “[i]n addition to the mandatory
prison term or mandatory prison term and additional prison term the court imposes,
the court also may sentence the offender to a community control sanction for the
offense, but the offender shall serve all of the prison terms so imposed prior to
serving the community control sanction.” R.C. 2929.19(B)(4), which governs the
imposition of community control sanctions, provides in relevant part:
If the sentencing court determines at the sentencing hearing that a
community control sanction should be imposed and the court is not
prohibited from imposing a community control sanction, the court
shall impose a community control sanction. The court shall notify the
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offender that, if the conditions of the sanction are violated, * * * the
court may impose a longer time under the same sanction, may impose
a more restrictive sanction, or may impose a prison term on the
offender and shall indicate the specific prison term that may be
imposed as a sanction for the violation, as selected by the court from
the range of prison terms for the offense * * *.
Here, the trial court sentenced Salmons to five years of community control for the
underlying OVI offense and informed him that he could face up to 36 months in
prison if he violated the terms of his community control. See R.C. 2929.15(A)(1)
(Sept. 29, 2017) (current version at R.C. 2929.15(A)(1) (Mar. 22, 2019)). However,
“[t]he purpose of the community control statute * * * is not to sentence a defendant
to a specific prison term and then suspend or reserve that prison term, the purpose
is to notify a defendant of a specific prison term that a defendant will receive if he
violates community control.” (Emphasis sic.) State v. Berry, 3d Dist. Defiance No.
4-12-04, 2012-Ohio-4660, ¶ 25. “The key is that a defendant must be notified of
the prison sentence the defendant would receive if the defendant violated his
community control, not sentenced to that prison term.” (Emphasis sic.) Id. See
State v. Brooks, 103 Ohio St. 3d 134, 2004-Ohio-4746, ¶ 21 (noting that although
R.C. 2929.19 requires the trial court to state the “specific term” the defendant faces
in the event of a community control violation, the stated term is not necessarily the
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prison term the defendant would receive for a community control violation). Thus,
the trial court did not impose a maximum sentence on the underlying OVI offense.
{¶15} Here, Salmons was sentenced to four years in prison on the repeat-
offender specification which, as discussed above, is within the statutory range.
Furthermore, the trial court sentenced Salmons to five years of community control
on the underlying OVI offense as authorized by R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(e)(i),
2929.13(G)(2), and 2929.15(A)(1). “‘[A] sentence imposed within the statutory
range is “presumptively valid” if the [trial] court considered applicable sentencing
factors.’” Nienberg, 2017-Ohio-2920, at ¶ 10, quoting State v. Maggette, 3d Dist.
Seneca No. 13-16-06, 2016-Ohio-5554, ¶ 31, quoting State v. Collier, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 95572, 2011-Ohio-2791, ¶ 15.
{¶16} R.C. 2929.11 provides, in pertinent part, that “[t]he overriding
purposes of felony sentencing are to protect the public from future crime by the
offender and others, to punish the offender, and to promote the effective
rehabilitation of the offender * * *.” R.C. 2929.11(A). To further these purposes,
the sentencing court must “consider the need for incapacitating the offender,
deterring the offender and others from future crime, rehabilitating the offender, and
making restitution * * *.” Id. Furthermore, a felony sentence imposed must be
“reasonably calculated to achieve the three overriding purposes of felony
sentencing,” “commensurate with and not demeaning to the seriousness of the
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offender’s conduct,” and “consistent with sentences imposed for similar crimes
committed by similar offenders.” R.C. 2929.11(B). “In accordance with these
principles, the trial court must consider the factors set forth in R.C. 2929.12(B)-(E)
relating to the seriousness of the offender’s conduct and the likelihood of the
offender’s recidivism.” Smith, 2015-Ohio-4225, at ¶ 10, citing R.C. 2929.12(A).
{¶17} Here, it is clear from the record that the trial court sentenced Salmons
after considering the purposes of felony sentencing set out in 2929.11(A) and the
R.C. 2929.12(B)-(E) factors relating to the seriousness of Salmons’s conduct and
the likelihood of his recidivism. At the sentencing hearing, the trial court stated that
it had considered “the purposes and principles of sentencing under Revised Code
Section 2929.11, the seriousness and recidivism factors relevant to the offense * *
* and the offender pursuant to Revised Code Section 2929.12, and the need for
deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation, and restitution.” (Dec. 27, 2018 Tr. at 28).
Moreover, the trial court stated that it was “guided by the overriding purposes of
felony sentencing, including protection of the public from future crime by the
offender and others, and punishment of the offender using the minimum sanctions
that the Court determines accomplish those purposes without imposing an
unnecessary burden on state or local government resources.” (Id. at 28-29).
Additionally, the trial court discussed at length the mitigating and aggravating
factors it considered in making its sentencing decision and specifically referenced
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R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12(B)-(E) throughout its discussion. (Id. at 29-31). The
trial court memorialized its findings with respect to R.C. 2929.11(A) and R.C.
2929.12(B)-(E) in detail in its judgment entry of sentence. (See Doc. No. 29). See
Maggette at ¶ 32 (“A trial court’s statement that it considered the required statutory
factors, without more, is sufficient to fulfill its obligations under the sentencing
statutes.”), citing State v. Abrams, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 103786, 2016-Ohio-
4570, ¶ 13, citing State v. Payne, 114 Ohio St. 3d 502, 2007-Ohio-4642, ¶ 18.
{¶18} Nevertheless, Salmons contends that his sentence is unsupported by
the record or contrary to law because the trial court had allegedly predetermined his
sentence before any argument was made. Moreover, Salmons argues that the trial
court erred in determining that he was not remorseful. Salmons also contends that
the trial court erred by imposing a sentence that ignores the underlying problem of
his substance abuse.
{¶19} Salmons’s arguments are without merit. First, we note that Salmons
made his arguments under the mistaken understanding that he was sentenced to
thirty-six months on the underlying OVI offense. However, as discussed above, the
trial court only sentenced Salmons to community control sanctions on the
underlying offense. Nevertheless, we do not find Salmons’s arguments persuasive.
{¶20} In support of his position that the trial court predetermined his
sentence without considering the arguments made at the sentencing hearing,
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Salmons references several statements from the sentencing hearing. As the trial
court made its findings under R.C. 2929.12(D), it initially stated that “all of the
factors apply” under that subsection. (Dec. 27, 2018 Tr. at 29). However, the trial
court later corrected itself and stated that R.C. 2929.12(D)(4) actually was not
applicable because Salmons did seek substance abuse treatment. (Id. at 30).
Salmons argues that these statements demonstrate that the trial court had determined
his sentence before considering the arguments made at the sentencing hearing. We
are not persuaded.
{¶21} First, R.C. 2929.12(D)(4) is only one factor for the trial court to
consider with respect to sentencing. Moreover, we are not persuaded that the above
dialogue demonstrates that the trial court disregarded the arguments made at the
sentencing hearing and had predetermined Salmons sentence.
{¶22} Salmons also argues that the trial court erred because it disregarded
his stated remorse and his expressed desire for substance abuse treatment. With
respect to Salmons’s argument that the trial court disregarded his sincere remorse
for his actions, we again note that the defendant’s remorse is but one factor for the
trial court to consider with regard to sentencing. Moreover, the trial court was in
the best position to determine the credibility of Salmons’s statements of remorse.
{¶23} Finally, Salmons argues that the trial court ignored the underlying
issue of his alcohol addiction during sentencing. Salmons contends that by
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sentencing him to a lengthy jail sentence, instead of 12 months’ mandatory
imprisonment followed by an intensive in-patient alcohol treatment program, the
trial court ignored the underlying issue of his alcohol abuse. However, one of the
terms of Salmons’s community control was that upon his release from prison, he is
to undergo drug and alcohol assessment and enroll in and complete any treatment
and counseling that is recommended. (Doc. No. 29); (Dec. 27, 2018 Tr. at 33-34).
Additional terms of Salmons’s community control include that he attend at least
three sober support meetings per week, undergo random drug screens, and
participate in any alcohol or drug treatment programs that his community control
officer or the trial court orders. (Id.); (Id.). Moreover, at the sentencing hearing,
the trial court stated that in its opinion, the sentence it imposed “is likely to keep the
community safer.” (Dec. 27, 2018 Tr. at 32-33). The trial court then stated that it
“believes that [Salmons] deserves a chance at rehabilitation and a chance to have a
life with his daughter at the same time.” (Id. at 34). The trial court addressed
Salmons and told him that he has “an opportunity” but warned him that he “can
squander that opportunity very easily.” (Id. at 34). Thus, contrary to Salmons’s
argument, the record indicates that the trial court was aware of Salmons’s issues
with alcohol addiction and imposed his sentence with the ultimate goal of giving
Salmons another opportunity to address his alcohol addiction.
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{¶24} Thus, we find that the trial court properly considered the purposes and
principles of felony sentencing and applied the relevant R.C. 2929.12 factors.
Furthermore, Salmons’s sentence is within the statutory range. Therefore, there is
not clear and convincing evidence that Salmons’s sentence is unsupported by the
record or that his sentence is otherwise contrary to law. See Nienberg, 2017-Ohio-
2920, at ¶ 23.
{¶25} Accordingly, Salmons’s first and second assignments of error are
overruled.
{¶26} In his third assignment of error, Salmons argues that the trial court
erred by not granting him jail-time credit in the instant case for the entire period he
was held in the county jail from the date of the present offense to the date of his
sentencing hearing for the present offense.
{¶27} On December 14, 2018, Salmons was sentenced in Union County case
numbers 17-CR-225 and 17-CR-027. At the sentencing hearing for those cases, the
trial court sentenced Salmons to 15 months’ imprisonment and gave Salmons jail-
time credit for 109 days. On December 27, 2018, Salmons was sentenced in the
present case, and his sentence was ordered to run consecutively to the 15-month
prison term imposed in Union County case numbers 17-CR-225 and 17-CR-027.
The trial court granted Salmons zero days of jail time credit for the present case.
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{¶28} Here, Salmons was out on bond in Union County case numbers 17-
CR-0225 and 18-CR-0027 when he committed the instant offense. Consequently,
his bond on Union County case numbers 17-CR-0225 and 18-CR-0027 was revoked
and he was incarcerated. The trial court set bond in the instant case, which Salmons
did not post.
{¶29} Salmons argues that because he did not post bond in the present case,
he was therefore being held on the charges arising out of the present case and, thus,
should have received jail time credit for the entire time that he was held in jail from
the date of the offense to the date of the sentencing hearing for the present offense.
We disagree.
{¶30} R.C. 2967.191 provides, in pertinent part, that “[t]he department of
rehabilitation and correction shall reduce the stated prison term of a prisoner * * *
by the total number of days that the prisoner was confined for any reason arising out
of the offense for which the prisoner was convicted and sentenced * * *.” R.C.
2967.191(A) (Oct. 29, 2018) (current version at R.C. 2967.191(A) (Mar. 22, 2019)).
When calculating jail-time credit for offenders serving consecutive terms, the Ohio
Administrative Code instructs that jail-time credit be applied once, to the total term.
Ohio Adm. Code 5120-2-04(G). See State v. Fugate, 117 Ohio St. 3d 261, 2008-
Ohio-856, ¶10. According to the Ohio Supreme Court, “[w]hen a defendant is
sentenced to consecutive terms, the terms of imprisonment are served one after
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another. Jail-time credit applied to one prison term gives full credit that is due,
because the credit reduces the entire length of the prison sentence.” Fugate at ¶ 22.
A defendant sentenced to consecutive sentences on multiple charges does not have
“‘the right to multiply his single period of pretrial confinement by the number of
convictions entered against him.’” Id. at ¶ 20, quoting State v. Callender, 10th Dist.
Franklin No. 91AP-713, 1992 WL 21247, *2 (Feb. 4, 1992).
{¶31} Here, the trial court ordered that Salmons’s sentences in the present
case be served consecutively to the sentences in Union County case numbers 17-
CR-0225 and 18-CR-0027. Thus, the trial court did not err by assigning jail-time
credit only once, when the trial court imposed jail-time credit during sentencing for
Union County Case Numbers 17-CR-0225 and 18-CR-0027.
{¶32} Salmons also argues that the trial court erred by not imposing jail time
credit for the time period that he was incarcerated between the sentencing hearing
in Union County case numbers 17-CR-0225 and 18-CR-0027 on December 14,
2018 and the sentencing hearing in the instant case on December 27, 2018. We
disagree.
{¶33} “Jail-time credit does not include time that the prisoner was
incarcerated by reason of a sentence previously imposed for a different offense * *
*.” State v. Perkins, 11th Dist. Lake Nos. 2018-L-084 & 2018-L-098, 2019-Ohio-
2288, ¶ 44. “A defendant is not entitled to jail-time credit while held on bond if, at
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the same time, the defendant is serving a sentence on an unrelated case.” State v.
Cupp, 156 Ohio St. 3d 207, 2018-Ohio-5211, ¶ 24. “Disallowing, for purposes of
jail-time credit, periods of time that a prisoner has been incarcerated by reason of a
sentence previously imposed and begun does not violate Equal Protection.” State
v. Ways, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 25214, 2013-Ohio-293, ¶ 21. See also State v.
Pritschau, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2015-L-115, 2016-Ohio-7147, ¶ 27 (“Even if
appellant would have been able to post bond when she was first arrested in the
underlying case, she would not have been released because she was serving the
sentences from the other cases. As a result, she is not entitled to any jail-time credit
for that period.”).
{¶34} Because Salmons was serving his sentence on Union County Case
numbers 17-CR-0225 and 18-CR-0027 in the time period between his sentencing
hearings for those cases on December 14, 2018 and his sentencing hearing for the
instant case on December 27, 2018, Salmons was not entitled to jail-time credit for
the time elapsed during the two sentencing hearings. Therefore, the trial court did
not err by not granting Salmons jail-time credit for this period.
{¶35} Accordingly, Salmons’s third assignment of error is overruled.
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{¶36} Having found no error prejudicial to the appellant herein in the
particulars assigned and argued, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Judgment Affirmed
ZIMMERMAN, P.J. and WILLAMOWSKI, J., concur.
/jlr
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