State v. Richard , 2013 Ohio 3918 ( 2013 )

[Cite as State v. Richard, 2013-Ohio-3918.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 99449
STATE OF OHIO
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
DONALD L. RICHARD
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT:
AFFIRMED IN PART,
REVERSED IN PART, REMANDED
Criminal Appeal from the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-215283
BEFORE: E.T. Gallagher, J., Stewart, A.J., and Rocco, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: September 12, 2013
FOR APPELLANT
Donald L. Richard, pro se
Inmate #197-168
Grafton Correctional Institution
2500 South Avon-Belden Road
Grafton, Ohio 44044
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Timothy J. McGinty
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
BY: Mary H. McGrath
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney
The Justice Center
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, J.:
{¶1} Defendant-appellant, Donald L. Richard (“Richard”), appeals the denial of
his postconviction request for DNA testing. Finding some merit to the appeal, we affirm
in part, reverse in part, and remand the case to the trial court for further proceedings.
{¶2} In 1987, a jury convicted Richard of murder with gun specifications and
having a weapon while under disability with gun specifications. The case arose from the
shooting death of Neil Baldwin (“Baldwin”) outside of Wanda’s Bar at 4515 Clark
Avenue in Cleveland, Ohio, on January 24, 1987. The court sentenced Richard to 15
years to life for murder, two three-year mandatory prison terms for gun specifications to
run concurrently, and three to five years for having weapons while under disability, to be
served consecutively. This court affirmed Richard’s convictions on direct appeal. State
v. Richard, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 54228, 1988 Ohio App. LEXIS 4242 (Oct. 20, 1988).
{¶3} In November 2012, Richard filed an application for DNA testing. He
asserted that DNA testing would prove that the sole eyewitness at trial was involved in a
civil conspiracy against him and gave false testimony identifying him as the shooter.
Richard also filed motions requesting court-appointed counsel and for the trial court
judge to recuse himself from this case. The trial court denied both motions as well as the
application for DNA testing. Richard now appeals and raises two assignments of error.
Application for DNA Testing
{¶4} In his first assignment of error, Richard argues the trial court erred in denying
his application for DNA testing because the trial court failed to provide its reasons for
denying the application in violation of R.C. 2953.73(D). He also asserts that the results
of DNA testing would be “outcome determinative” as defined by R.C. 2953.71(L).
{¶5} We review the trial court’s decision to accept or reject an eligible inmate’s
application for DNA testing for an abuse of discretion. R.C. 2953.74(A). State v.
Ayers, 185 Ohio App.3d 168, 2009-Ohio-6096, 923 N.E.2d 654 (8th Dist.), ¶ 12. A trial
court abuses its discretion where its decision is clearly erroneous and based on either a
disregard for the law or a misapplication of the law to undisputed facts. Ohio Civ. Rights
Comm. v. Case W. Res. Univ., 76 Ohio St.3d 168, 666 N.E.2d 1376 (1996), citing
Alexander v. Mt. Carmel Med. Ctr., 56 Ohio St.2d 155, 383 N.E.2d 564 (1978).
{¶6} R.C. 2953.71 et seq. establishes a statutory scheme that allows eligible prison
inmates to petition their respective trial courts to conduct DNA testing. Pursuant to
R.C. 2953.74, the trial court may “accept” an eligible inmate’s application for DNA
testing only if certain factors are present, including a finding that “if DNA testing is
conducted and an exclusion result is obtained, the results of the testing would be outcome
determinative.” Ayers at ¶ 28, citing R.C. 2953.74(B) and (C); and State v. Emerick, 170
Ohio App.3d 647, 650, 2007-Ohio-1334, 868 N.E.2d 742 (2d Dist.).
{¶7} In addition, R.C. 2953.73(D) states:
If an eligible offender submits an application for DNA testing under
division (A) of this section, the court shall make the determination as to
whether the application should be accepted or rejected. * * * The court shall
make the determination in accordance with the criteria and procedures set
forth in sections 2953.74 to 2953.81 of the Revised Code and, in making
the determination, shall consider the application, the supporting affidavits,
and the documentary evidence and, in addition to those materials, shall
consider all the files and records pertaining to the proceedings against the
applicant, including, but not limited to, the indictment, the court’s journal
entries, the journalized records of the clerk of the court, and the court
reporter’s transcript and all responses to the application filed under division
(C) of this section by a prosecuting attorney or the attorney general. * * *
Upon making its determination, the court shall enter a judgment and order
that either accepts or rejects the application and that includes within the
judgment and order the reasons for the acceptance or rejection as applied
to the criteria and procedures set forth in sections 2953.71 to 2953.81 of
the Revised Code. (Emphasis added.)1
{¶8} R.C. 2953.71(L) states that the results of DNA testing are “outcome
determinative” when, “in the context of and upon consideration of all available evidence
related to the offender’s case * * * there is a strong probability that no reasonable
factfinder would have found the offender guilty” of the offense. Thus, the term
“outcome determinative” is a conclusion based upon consideration of all the available
evidence. It is not a reason in and of itself. Therefore, the court is bound by R.C.
2953.73(D) to provide reasons explaining how the court reached the “outcome
determinative” conclusion. See State v. Smith, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 87937,
2007-Ohio-2369, ¶ 8.
{¶9} The trial court’s journal entry denying Richard’s application states:
“Defendant’s application for DNA testing filed November 26, 2012, is denied, as it does
1 R.C. 2953.71 defines terms including the words “outcome determinative.”
R.C. 2953.81 governs the maintenance of DNA test results. Neither section affects
the court’s obligation to state its reasons for the acceptance or rejection of an
application.
not fulfill the requirement of the statute as to being ‘outcome determinative.’” It does
not provide any reasons explaining how the court reached this conclusion. Therefore, the
court’s judgment denying Richard’s application for DNA testing is contrary to law and
constitutes an abuse of discretion.
{¶10} The first assignment of error is sustained.
Recusal and Appointed Counsel
{¶11} In the second assignment of error, Richard argues the trial court violated his
constitutional rights when it denied his requests for the court to recuse itself and to
appoint counsel to litigate his application for DNA testing. The trial court never ruled on
these motions. Nevertheless, a trial court’s failure to rule on a motion is presumed to be
a denial of that motion for purposes of appellate review. State ex rel. Cassels v. Dayton
City School Dist. Bd. of Edn., 69 Ohio St.3d 217, 223, 631 N.E.2d 150 (1994).
{¶12} There is no federal constitutional right to a postconviction review process,
and an indigent petitioner has neither a state nor a federal constitutional right to be
represented by an attorney in a postconviction proceeding. State v. Crowder, 60 Ohio
St.3d 151, 152, 573 N.E.2d 652 (1991), citing Pennsylvania v. Finley, 481 U.S. 551, 107
S.Ct. 1990, 95 L.Ed. 539 (1987). However, “[p]ursuant to R.C. 120.16(A)(1) and (D), an
indigent petitioner is statutorily entitled to representation by a public defender at an
evidentiary hearing on a postconviction petition if the public defender concludes that the
issues raised by the petitioner have arguable merit.” State v. Chandler, 10th Dist.
Franklin No. 07AP-269, 2007-Ohio-5579, ¶ 8, citing Crowder at 153.
{¶13} In Crowder, the Ohio Supreme Court held that “R.C. 120.16(A)(1) and (D)
implicitly require the trial court, upon concluding that the petitioner in a postconviction
proceeding is entitled to an evidentiary hearing pursuant to R.C. 2953.21(C) and (E), to
promptly notify the public defender of the pending hearing.” Id. at 153. However, an
evidentiary hearing is not automatically required on every petition. State v. Williams, 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99357, 2013-Ohio-2706, ¶ 14. A trial court may deny a defendant’s
petition for postconviction relief without an evidentiary hearing if the petition, supporting
affidavits, documentary evidence, and trial record do not demonstrate sufficient operative
facts to establish substantive grounds for relief. State v. Calhoun, 86 Ohio St.3d 279,
714 N.E.2d 905 (1999), paragraph two of the syllabus. Thus, the petitioner is statutorily
entitled to appointed counsel only if the trial court determines that the petitioner is
entitled to an evidentiary hearing on his postconviction petition, and the public defender
concludes that the petition has merit.
{¶14} In this case, the trial court failed to provide its reasons for finding that DNA
testing would not be outcome determinative, and we are unable to properly review the
basis for the court’s decision and whether the court should have held an evidentiary
hearing. We therefore have no basis for reviewing Richard’s argument that the court
erroneously denied him his statutory right to counsel. Therefore, this part of the second
assignment of error is premature and moot.
{¶15} Richard also argues the judge violated his constitutional rights when he
failed to recuse himself from this case. In his motion for recusal, Richard asserts the trial
court was prejudiced against him.
{¶16} However, an appellate court lacks jurisdiction to determine whether the trial
court judge should have recused himself from a case. State v. McFarland, 7th Dist.
Jefferson No. 12 JE 4, 2013-Ohio-2268, ¶ 32, citing State v. Ramos, 88 Ohio App.3d
394, 398, 623 N.E.2d 1336 (9th Dist.1993). Pursuant to R.C. 2701.03(A), the Ohio
Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction to determine a claim that a judge is biased or
prejudiced. Jones v. Billingham, 105 Ohio App.3d 8, 11, 663 N.E.2d 657 (2d Dist.1995),
citing Article IV, Section 5(C), Ohio Constitution. R.C. 2701.03(A), states in relevant
part:
If a judge of the court of common pleas allegedly * * * has a bias or
prejudice * * * against a party to a proceeding pending before the court or a
party’s counsel, * * * any party to the proceeding * * * may file an
affidavit of disqualification with the clerk of the supreme court in
accordance with division (B) of this section.
If Richard believed the trial court judge should have been removed from his case due to
bias or prejudice, his exclusive remedy was to file an affidavit of disqualification with the
Ohio Supreme Court pursuant to R.C. 2701.03.
{¶17} The second assignment of error is overruled.
{¶18} Judgment affirmed in part and reversed in part. Case is remanded to the
trial court to state its reasons for finding that DNA testing would not be outcome
determinative.
It is ordered that appellee and appellant share costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common
pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, JUDGE
MELODY J. STEWART, A.J., and
KENNETH A. ROCCO, J., CONCUR