State v. Jones , 2016 Ohio 5109 ( 2016 )

[Cite as State v. Jones, 2016-Ohio-5109.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NOS. C-150312
C-150303
Plaintiff-Appellee, : TRIAL NO. B-0511217-C
vs. : O P I N I O N.
DONALD JONES, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeals From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas
Judgment Appealed From Is: Affirmed as Modified and Cause Remanded in C-
150303; Appeal Dismissed in C-150312
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: July 27, 2016
Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and Scott M. Heenan,
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
Donald Jones, pro se.
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
Per Curiam.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Donald Jones appeals from the Hamilton County
Common Pleas Court’s judgment overruling his “Motion for Re-Sentencing Based on
Void Judgment.” We dismiss the case numbered C-150312 as duplicative of the case
numbered C-150303. We affirm as modified the court’s judgment denying relief
under the postconviction statutes. But we remand for resentencing in conformity
with the statutory mandates concerning postrelease control.
{¶2} Jones was convicted of murder in 2006. We affirmed his conviction in
his direct appeal. State v. Jones, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-070083 (Oct. 24, 2007),
appeal not accepted, 116 Ohio St. 3d 1505, 2008-Ohio-381, 880 N.E.2d 481.
{¶3} Jones also challenged his conviction in postconviction motions filed
with the common pleas court in 2007, 2010, 2012, and 2015. In his 2015 “Motion for
Re-Sentencing Based on Void Judgment,” he sought resentencing on the grounds
that (1) the trial court violated R.C. 2947.23(A)(1), and his trial counsel was
ineffective in failing to object, when the court, at his 2006 sentencing hearing, did
not provide notice that he could be ordered to perform community service if he did
not pay the costs of his prosecution, (2) the trial court violated his Crim.R. 43 right to
be present during sentencing when, in May 2012, it entered judgment remitting costs
“nunc pro tunc [to] 5/26/2011,” and (3) the trial court improperly imposed
postrelease control. In this appeal from the overruling of that motion, Jones
advances three assignments of error.
Grounds Not Asserted in the Motion
{¶4} In his first assignment of error, Jones contends that the trial court
violated R.C. 2929.19(B)(6) in ordering him to pay the costs of his prosecution
without first considering his present and future ability to pay. In his second
assignment of error, he contends that his trial counsel was ineffective in failing to
object to the costs order.
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{¶5} This court has jurisdiction to review only the judgment from which
Jones appeals. In that judgment, the common pleas court overruled Jones’s 2015
motion for resentencing. In overruling the motion, the court did not rule upon, because
Jones had not asserted in his motion, a challenge to either the trial court’s order that he
pay costs or his trial counsel’s effectiveness in that regard. See State v. Gipson, 1st
Dist. Hamilton Nos. C-960867 and C-960881, 1997 Ohio App. LEXIS 4404 (Sept. 26,
1997). Therefore, we do not reach the merits of these challenges.
Grounds Asserted in the Motion
{¶6} Jones further contends in his first assignment of error that the trial
court’s May 2012 nunc pro tunc entry granting his motion to remit costs violated his
right to be present during sentencing, and that the trial court violated R.C.
2947.23(A)(1) in failing to notify him at sentencing that he could be ordered to
perform community service if he did not pay the costs of his prosecution. In his
second assignment of error, he further asserts that his trial counsel was ineffective in
not objecting to the trial court’s failure to provide community-service-for-
nonpayment-of-costs notification. Because these contentions essentially restate
grounds for relief advanced in Jones’s postconviction motion for resentencing, they
may fairly be read to challenge the common pleas court’s denial of the relief sought
in the motion on those grounds.
{¶7} Nunc pro tunc sentencing entry and ineffective trial
counsel. Jones’s motion for resentencing did not designate a statute or rule under
which the relief sought might be afforded. The common pleas court was, therefore,
free to “recast” the motion “into whatever category necessary to identify and
establish the criteria by which the motion should be judged.” State v. Schlee, 117
Ohio St. 3d 153, 2008-Ohio-545, 882 N.E.2d 431, ¶ 12 and syllabus.
{¶8} R.C. 2953.21 et seq., governing the proceedings upon a petition for
postconviction relief, provide “the exclusive remedy by which a person may bring a
collateral challenge to the validity of a conviction or sentence in a criminal case.”
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R.C. 2953.21(J). Under the postconviction statutes, a common pleas court may grant
a petitioner relief from his conviction upon proof of a constitutional violation during
the proceedings resulting in his conviction that rendered his conviction void or
voidable. See R.C. 2953.21(A)(1); State v. Powell, 90 Ohio App. 3d 260, 264, 629
N.E.2d 13 (1st Dist.1993).
{¶9} Jones effectively invoked the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the
United States Constitution and Article I, Section 10, of the Ohio Constitution with his
claim that his trial counsel had been ineffective concerning community-service-for-
nonpayment-of-costs notification. In support of his claim that the 2012 nunc pro
tunc entry remitting costs denied him his right to be present at sentencing, he
invoked Crim.R. 43(A). That rule mandates the defendant’s “physical[]” presence “at
every stage of the criminal proceeding and trial, including * * * the imposition of
sentence.” In doing so, it “embodie[s]” the due-process guarantees of the Fifth
Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article I, Section 10, of the Ohio
Constitution. State v. Williams, 6 Ohio St. 3d 281, 286, 452 N.E.2d 1323 (1983).
Accord State v. Homesales, Inc., 190 Ohio App. 3d 385, 387-388, 2010-Ohio-5572,
941 N.E.2d 1271 (1st Dist.2010). Thus, with respect to those claims, Jones’s motion
may fairly be read to seek resentencing based on constitutional violations in the
proceedings leading to his conviction that rendered his sentence voidable. See
Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 694, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674
(1984); State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St. 3d 136, 538 N.E.2d 373 (1989) (holding that an
ineffective-assistance-0f-counsel claim requires proof of an outcome-determinative
deficiency in counsel’s performance); Williams at 286 (holding that the
constitutional right to be present at all stages of trial is violated only if the
defendant’s absence is prejudicial). Accordingly, the claims were reviewable by the
common pleas court under the standards provided by the postconviction statutes.
{¶10} But Jones filed his petition well after the time prescribed by R.C.
2953.21(A)(2) had expired. The jurisdiction of a common pleas court to entertain a
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
late postconviction petition is closely circumscribed. The petitioner must show
either that he was unavoidably prevented from discovering the facts upon which his
postconviction claim depends, or that his claim is predicated upon a new
retrospectively applicable right recognized by the United States Supreme Court since
the time for filing his claim had expired. And he must show “by clear and convincing
evidence that, but for constitutional error at trial, no reasonable factfinder would
have found [him] guilty of the offense of which [he] was convicted.” R.C.
2953.23(A)(1).
{¶11} The record does not, as it could not, demonstrate that, but for the
claimed errors, “no reasonable factfinder would have found [Jones] guilty of the
offense of which [he] was convicted.” R.C. 2953.23(A)(1)(b). Therefore, the
postconviction statutes did not confer upon the common pleas court jurisdiction to
entertain on the merits those postconviction claims.
{¶12} Community-service-for-nonpayment-of-costs notification.
We do not reach the merits of Jones’s challenge on appeal to the common pleas
court’s denial of relief on the ground that the trial court violated R.C. 2947.23(A)(1)
in failing to provide community-service-for-nonpayment-of-costs notification.
{¶13} A court of appeals has only “such jurisdiction as may be provided by
law to review and affirm, modify, or reverse judgments or final orders of the courts of
record inferior to the court of appeals within the district.” Article IV, Section
3(B)(2), Ohio Constitution. Jones’s motion seeking resentencing based on the lack of
community-service-for-nonpayment-of-costs notification was filed with the common
pleas court more than eight years after his conviction and more than seven years
after we affirmed his conviction in his direct appeal. The judgment denying that
relief is, therefore, not reviewable under this court’s jurisdiction under R.C. 2953.02
or 2953.08 to review a judgment of conviction entered in a criminal case. Nor is that
judgment reviewable under our jurisdiction under R.C. 2953.23(B) to review an
order awarding or denying postconviction relief, when Jones sought relief based on a
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statutory, rather than a constitutional, violation. Nor is it reviewable under our
jurisdiction under R.C. 2505.03(A) to review a “final order, judgment or decree,”
when it was not a “final order” as defined by R.C. 2505.02. See State v. Holmes, 1st
Dist. Hamilton No. C-150290, 2016-Ohio-4608, ¶ 6-14.
{¶14} Void judgment. Finally, courts always have jurisdiction to correct a
void judgment. See State ex rel. Cruzado v. Zaleski, 111 Ohio St. 3d 353, 2006-Ohio-
5795, 856 N.E.2d 263, ¶ 18-19. But Jones’s sentence would not have been rendered
void by the alleged errors in community-service-for-nonpayment-of-costs
notification or in the imposition and remission of costs, or by trial counsel’s alleged
ineffectiveness in those matters. See State v. Wurzelbacher, 1st Dist. Hamilton No.
C-130011, 2013-Ohio-4009, ¶ 8; State v. Grant, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-120695,
2013-Ohio-3421, ¶ 9-16 (holding that a judgment of conviction is void only to the
extent that a sentence is unauthorized by statute or does not include a statutorily
mandated term or if the trial court lacks subject-matter jurisdiction or the authority
to act).
{¶15} We, therefore, overrule the first and second assignments of error.
Postrelease Control
{¶16} In his third assignment of error, Jones contends that the trial court
erred in including in his sentence a period of postrelease control. We agree.
{¶17} In sentencing Jones for murder, the trial court notified him that, upon
his release, he would be subject to a mandatory period of postrelease control of five
years. The court also incorporated postrelease-control notification in the judgment
of conviction.
{¶18} But the postrelease-control statutes then in effect authorized a
mandatory five-year period of postrelease control only for a first-degree felony or a
felony sex offense. See former R.C. 2929.19(B)(3)(c) and 2967.28(B)(1) (superseded
by R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(c) and 2967.28(B)(1)). The statutes did not authorize
postrelease control for a special felony like murder. State v. Clark, 119 Ohio St. 3d
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239, 2008-Ohio-3748, 893 N.E.2d 462, ¶ 36; accord State v. Baker, 1st Dist.
Hamilton No. C-050791, 2006-Ohio-4902, ¶ 4-6.
{¶19} To the extent that Jones’s sentence was not imposed in conformity
with the statutory mandates concerning postrelease control, it is void. And the
common pleas court had jurisdiction to review and correct the offending portion of
the sentence. See State v. Fischer, 128 Ohio St. 3d 92, 2010-Ohio-6238, 942 N.E.2d
332, paragraph one of the syllabus and ¶ 26-27. We, therefore, sustain the third
assignment of error.
Affirmed as Modified, but Remanded
{¶20} The postconviction statutes did not confer on the common pleas court
jurisdiction to entertain Jones’s late postconviction claims on their merits. The
claims were, therefore, subject to dismissal. Accordingly, upon the authority of
App.R. 12(A)(1)(a), we modify the judgment appealed from to reflect the dismissal of
the claims. And we affirm the judgment as modified.
{¶21} But the common pleas court had jurisdiction to correct a void
sentence. And Jones’s sentence is void to the extent that the trial court imposed an
unauthorized period of postrelease control. We, therefore, remand this cause for
correction of the offending portion of his sentence, in accordance with the law and
this opinion.
Judgment accordingly.
FISCHER, P.J., CUNNINGHAM and STAUTBERG, JJ.
Please note:
The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.
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