State v. Goins , 2016 Ohio 5930 ( 2016 )

[Cite as State v. Goins, 2016-Ohio-5930.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 103874
STATE OF OHIO
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
IDALE GOINS
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT:
AFFIRMED
Criminal Appeal from the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case Nos. CR-15-594492-B and CR-15-592669-K
BEFORE: McCormack, P.J., Blackmon, J., and Celebrezze, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: September 22, 2016
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
Robert L. Tobik
Cuyahoga County Public Defender
By: Paul Kuzmins
Assistant Public Defender
310 Lakeside Avenue, Suite 200
Cleveland, OH 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Timothy J. McGinty
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
By: Carl Mazzone
Assistant County Prosecutor
8th Floor, Justice Center
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, OH 44113
TIM McCORMACK, P.J.:
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Idale Goins appeals from his sentence for criminal
gang activity, felonious assault, having weapons while under disability, firearm
specification, and gang activity specification. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.
{¶2} In January 2015, Goins was charged in a multiple count indictment along
with several codefendants in Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-15-592669. Goins was charged
with criminal gang activity, engaging in a pattern of corrupt activity, conspiracy,
attempted murder, felonious assault, improperly handling firearms in a motor vehicle,
discharge of firearms on or near prohibited premises, improper discharge of firearm at or
into habitation or school, criminal damaging, and having weapons while under disability,
along with several specifications. In March 2015, Goins was charged in a multiple count
indictment along with one codefendant in Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-15-594492. In this
case, Goins was charged with trafficking, drug possession, possessing criminal tools, and
illegal use or possession of drug paraphernalia. Both indictments stem from Goins’s
participation as an active member of the Cutthroat gang.
{¶3} In September 2015, Goins entered into a plea agreement in both cases. In
CR-15- 592669, he pleaded guilty to an amended indictment as follows: participating in
a criminal gang in violation of R.C. 2923.42(A) (a felony of the second degree); felonious
assault in violation of R.C. 2903.11(A)(2) (a felony of the second degree); criminal gang
activity specification in violation of R.C. 2941.142(A); a firearm specification in violation
of R.C. 2941.145(A); and having a weapon under disability in violation of R.C.
2923.13(A)(2)(a felony of the third degree). In exchange, the state agreed to nolle the
remaining charges and specifications.
{¶4} In CR-15-594492, Goins pleaded guilty to drug trafficking in violation of
R.C. 2925.03(A)(2)(a felony of the second degree). The state agreed to nolle the
remaining counts.
{¶5} On October 15, 2015, the trial court sentenced Goins to five years in prison
on the drug trafficking charge in CR-15-594492. In CR-15-592669, the court sentenced
Goins to seven years on the criminal gang activity, seven years on the felonious assault,
and 36 months on having a weapon under disability, to be served concurrently. The
court ordered the sentences in CR-15-594492 and CR-15-592669 to be served
concurrently. The court also sentenced Goins to three years on the firearm specification
and three years on the gang activity specification, to be served “prior to and consecutive
with” the seven years for the base charge of felonious assault. The aggregate sentence
imposed was 13 years.
{¶6} Goins now appeals his sentence, assigning one error for our review: The
sentence is contrary to law because the court imposed a consecutive sentence without
making the necessary findings.
{¶7} R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) provides that when reviewing felony sentences, the
appellate court may overturn the imposition of consecutive sentences where the reviewing
court “clearly and convincingly” finds that (1) “the record does not support the sentencing
court’s findings under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4),” or (2) “the sentence is otherwise contrary to
law.”
{¶8} In Ohio, there is a presumption that prison sentences should be served
concurrently, unless the trial court makes the findings outlined in R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) to
justify consecutive service of the prison terms. State v. Cox, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
102629, 2016-Ohio-20, ¶ 3; R.C. 2929.41(A). R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) provides that in order
to impose consecutive sentences, the trial court must find that consecutive sentences are
necessary to protect the public from future crime or to punish the offender, that such
sentences would not be disproportionate to the seriousness of the conduct and to the
danger the offender poses to the public, and that one of the following applies:
(a) The offender committed one or more of the multiple offenses while the
offender was awaiting trial or sentencing, was under a sanction imposed
pursuant to section 2929.16, 2929.17, or 2929.18 of the Revised Code, or
was under postrelease control for a prior offense.
(b) At least two of the multiple offenses were committed as part of one or
more courses of conduct, and the harm caused by two or more of the
multiple offenses so committed was so great or unusual that no single
prison term for any of the offenses committed as part of any of the courses
of conduct adequately reflects the seriousness of the offender’s conduct.
(c) The offender’s history of criminal conduct demonstrates that
consecutive sentences are necessary to protect the public from future crime
by the offender.
State v. Bonnell, 140 Ohio St.3d 209, 2014-Ohio-3177, 16 N.E.3d 659, ¶ 20-22.
{¶9} An exception to this general rule concerns the imposition of consecutive
sentences for certain firearm specifications. R.C. 2929.14(C)(1)(a) requires that a trial
court impose a prison term for a firearm specification consecutively to the prison term
imposed for the underlying felony. State v. A.H., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 98622,
2013-Ohio-2525, ¶ 21. Because the statute mandates the imposition of consecutive
sentences for the firearm specifications, the trial court is therefore not required to make
R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) findings before imposing a consecutive sentence. Id.{¶10} Here, the trial court ordered Goins’s underlying offenses to be served
concurrently; however, it ordered the firearm specification and the gang activity
specification to be served consecutively. Because the statute required the trial court to
impose a consecutive sentence on the firearm specification, the court was not required to
make consecutive sentence findings as it related to that specification. The only
remaining issue, therefore, is whether the trial court’s imposition of a consecutive
sentence on the gang specification, without findings, was contrary to law.
{¶11} This court has held that R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) consecutive sentence findings
do not apply to specifications. See State v. Robinson, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 103559,
2016-Ohio-2931 (repeat violent offender specifications); State v. James, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 102604, 2015-Ohio-4987, ¶ 41 (third discretionary firearm specification);
see also State v. Nitsche, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 103174, 2016-Ohio-3170.
{¶12} The consecutive sentencing statute applies to “multiple prison terms [that]
are imposed on an offender for convictions of multiple offenses[.]” (Emphasis added.)
R.C. 2929.14(C)(4). A specification is a sentencing enhancement; it is not a separate
criminal offense. State v. Ford, 128 Ohio St.3d 398, 2011-Ohio-765, 945 N.E.2d 498, ¶
16-17 (a specification is a sentencing enhancement that attaches to a predicate offense).
“By its own terms, R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) does not apply to penalty enhancing
specifications.” James at ¶ 47. Thus, where a defendant is sentenced to concurrent
sentences on the underlying charges, the trial court is not required to make R.C.
2929.14(C)(4) findings when it orders the specification to be served consecutively.
Robinson at ¶ 22.
{¶13} Here, Goins was sentenced to three years on the gang activity specification
in accordance with R.C. 2941.142 and 2929.14(G), to be served consecutively to the
underlying offense of felonious assault.1 Because R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) does not apply to
a penalty enhancement specification and, therefore, consecutive sentence findings are not
required and where Goins was sentenced to concurrent sentences on the underlying
offenses, the court’s consecutive sentence as it related to the gang activity specification
was not clearly and convincingly contrary to law.
{¶14} Goins’s assignment of error is overruled.
{¶15} Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover of appellant costs herein taxed.
R.C. 2941.142 provides for the imposition of a mandatory prison term of one, two, or three
1
years pursuant to [R.C. 2929.14(G)] upon an offender who committed a felony that is an offense of
violence while participating in a criminal gang.
R.C. 2929.14(G) states that “[i]f an offender who is convicted of or pleads guilty to a felony
that is an offense of violence also is convicted of or pleads guilty to a specification of the type
described in [R.C. 2941.142, criminal gang activity], that charges the offender with having committed
the felony while participating in a criminal gang, the court shall impose upon the offender an
additional prison term of one, two, or three years.”
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common
pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s conviction having
been affirmed, any bail pending appeal is terminated. Case remanded to the trial court
for execution of sentence.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
_________________________________________
TIM McCORMACK, PRESIDING JUDGE
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, J., and
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., J., CONCUR