State v. Rabe , 2013 Ohio 4867 ( 2013 )

[Cite as State v. Rabe, 2013-Ohio-4867.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
CLERMONT COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, : CASE NO. CA2013-04-027
: OPINION
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:
DAVID L. RABE, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
CRIMINAL APPEAL FROM CLERMONT COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
Case No. 2009-CR-0583
D. Vincent Faris, Clermont County Prosecuting Attorney, Judith A. Brant, 76 S. Riverside
Drive, 2nd Floor, Batavia, Ohio 45103, for plaintiff-appellee
David L. Rabe, #A676-659, London Correctional Institution, P.O. Box 69, London, Ohio
43140, defendant-appellant, pro se
RINGLAND, P.J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, David L. Rabe, appeals from the judgment of the
Clermont County Common Pleas Court denying his motion to correct an unlawful sentence.
For the reasons that follow, we reverse the trial court's judgment and remand this cause for
further proceedings.
{¶ 2} In 2010, appellant was convicted of operating a motor vehicle while under the
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influence of alcohol or drugs (OVI) in violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a), a felony of the fourth
degree, for which he was sentenced to five years of community control. As one of the terms
and conditions of his community control, appellant was ordered to serve 60 days in the
Clermont County Jail. The trial court's sentencing entry notified appellant that any violation of
the terms of his sentence could lead to a longer or more restrictive sanction, including a
prison term of 29 months.
{¶ 3} In 2012, appellant was again arrested and charged with OVI. As a result, the
trial court revoked appellant's community control and sentenced him to 29 months in prison.
Two months later, appellant filed a motion to correct an unlawful sentence, arguing that,
under R.C. 2929.15(B) and 2929.14(A), the maximum possible prison sentence the trial court
could have imposed on him for violating the terms of his community control was 18 months,
notwithstanding the fact that he was provided with notice at his original sentencing hearing
that the court could impose a prison sentence of 29 months if he violated the terms of his
community control.
{¶ 4} The trial court overruled appellant's motion to correct an unlawful sentence.
The trial court determined that, while R.C. 2929.14(A) provided the "general sentencing
guideline" for fourth-degree felony offenses, R.C. 2929.14(B)(4) provided the "more specific
sentencing guideline" for fourth-degree felony OVI offenses. The trial court further
determined that R.C. 2929.14(B)(4) "specifically provides the potential sentence of six
months to thirty months in prison, with the applicable mandatory incarceration time of sixty
days." Therefore, the trial court concluded that appellant's 29-month prison sentence was
lawful under R.C. 2929.14(B)(4).
{¶ 5} Rabe now appeals from the trial court's decision overruling his motion to correct
an unlawful sentence and assigns the following as error:
{¶ 6} "A COMMON PLEAS COURT IS LIMITED TO A SENTENCE THAT IS
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EXPRESSLY AUTHORIZED BY LAW AND A TWENTY-NINE MONTH SENTENCE FOR A
FIRST TIME FELONY DUI OFFENDER WHO VIOLATED COMMUNITY CONTROL AND
WHO SERVED A SIXTY DAY MANDATORY LOCAL INCARCERATION TERM IS NOT SO
AUTHORIZED AND IS THUS VOID."
{¶ 7} Appellant argues that because he was a first-time felony OVI offender and the
trial court already had sentenced him to a mandatory 60-day term of local incarceration under
R.C. 2929.13(G)(1), the maximum penalty that the trial court could impose on him for
violating his community control was one year of local incarceration. He acknowledges that
the trial court notified him at the time of his original sentencing that if he violated the terms of
his community control, he could be sentenced to 29 months in prison, but he asserts that this
portion of his original sentence was erroneous, too.
{¶ 8} Initially, appellant did not file a direct appeal from the trial court's decision to
resentence him to 29 months in prison for violating the terms of his community control, and
the argument that he is raising on appeal is different from the one he raised in the trial court.
Nevertheless, "[n]o court has the authority to impose a sentence that is contrary to law,"
State v. Fischer, 128 Ohio St.3d 92, 2010-Ohio-6238, ¶ 23; a motion to correct an unlawful or
illegal sentence is "an appropriate vehicle for raising the claim that a sentence is facially
illegal at any time," id. at ¶ 25; and application of the principles of res judicata and issue
preclusion are disfavored with respect to sentences that do not comply with statutory
mandates. Id. at ¶ 35.
{¶ 9} R.C. 2929.15(B) states in relevant part:
(B)(1) If the conditions of a community control sanction are violated
* * *, the sentencing court may impose upon the violator one or
more of the following penalties:
***
(c) A prison term on the offender pursuant to section 2929.14 of the
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Revised Code.
(2) The prison term, if any, imposed upon a violator pursuant to this
division shall be within the range of prison terms available for the
offense for which the sanction that was violated was imposed and
shall not exceed the prison term specified in the notice provided to
the offender at the sentencing hearing pursuant to division (B)(2) of
section 2929.19 of the Revised Code.
{¶ 10} In this case, the "offense for which the sanction that was violated was imposed"
was a fourth-degree felony OVI offense. Appellant acknowledges that the 29-month prison
term that the trial court imposed on him for violating the terms of his community control does
not exceed the prison term specified in the notice provided to him at his original sentencing
hearing. The remaining issue before us, then, is whether the 29-month prison sentence is
within the range of prison terms available for a fourth-degree felony OVI offense.
{¶ 11} R.C. 2929.14(A) states in relevant part:
(A) Except as provided in division * * * (B)(4) * * *, if the court
imposing a sentence upon an offender for a felony elects or is
required to impose a prison term on the offender pursuant to this
chapter, the court shall impose a definite prison term that shall be
one of the following:
***
(4) For a felony of the fourth degree, the prison term shall be six,
seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen,
sixteen, seventeen, or eighteen months.
{¶ 12} R.C. 2929.14(B)(4) states in pertinent part:
If the offender is being sentenced for a * * * fourth degree felony
OVI offense under division (G)(2) of section 2929.13 of the Revised
Code, the sentencing court shall impose upon the offender a
mandatory prison term in accordance with that division. In addition
to the mandatory prison term, if the offender is being sentenced for
a fourth degree felony OVI offense, the court, notwithstanding
division (A)(4) of this section, may sentence the offender to a
definite prison term of not less than six months and not more than
thirty months[.] * * *
If the offender is being sentenced for a fourth degree felony OVI
offense under division (G)(1) of section 2929.13 of the Revised
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Code and the court imposes a mandatory term of local
incarceration, the court may impose a prison term as described in
division (A)(1) of that section.
{¶ 13} The trial court initially determined that R.C. 2929.14(B)(4) was the controlling
statute in this case because it specifically deals with sentencing fourth-degree felony OVI
offenders. The trial court then determined that it was permitted to impose a 29-month prison
sentence on appellant by virtue of the language in the first paragraph of that section, which
the trial court found, "specifically provides the potential sentence of six months to thirty
months in prison[.]" However, the trial court's decision overlooks the plain language of R.C.
2929.14(B)(4).
{¶ 14} The language in the first paragraph of R.C. 2929.14(B)(4) states that "[i]n
addition to the mandatory prison term, if the offender is being sentenced for a fourth degree
felony OVI offense, the court, notwithstanding division (A)(4) of this section, may sentence
the offender to a definite prison term of not less than six months and not more than thirty
months[.]" This language strongly indicates that it applies only at the original sentencing of
the fourth degree felony OVI offender. Moreover, this language expressly states that it
applies only where the sentencing court chooses to sentence the offender to a 60-day
mandatory prison term under R.C. 2929.13(G)(2) rather than a 60-day mandatory term of
local incarceration under R.C. 2929.13(G)(1). There is no provision in the first paragraph of
R.C. 2929.14(B)(4) that applies to the situation present here, in which a fourth-degree felony
OVI offender has been sentenced to a 60-day mandatory term of local incarceration, which
he has served, along with a five-year community control sanction, which he has violated.
{¶ 15} The second paragraph of R.C. 2929.14(B)(4) states that "[i]f the offender is
being sentenced for a fourth degree felony OVI offense under division (G)(1) of section
2929.13 of the Revised Code and the court imposes a mandatory term of local incarceration,
the court may impose a prison term as described in division (A)(1) of that section." R.C.
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2929.13(A)(1) states that "[i]f the court imposes upon the offender a community control
sanction and the offender violates any condition of the community control sanction, the court
may take any action prescribed in division (B) of section 2929.15 of the Revised Code
relative to the offender including imposing a prison term on the offender pursuant to that
division." R.C. 2929.15(B) authorizes a sentencing court to impose on an offender who has
violated the conditions of his community control a prison term under R.C. 2929.14 but does
not specify what division of that section should apply.
{¶ 16} R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(d)(i) and 2929.13(G) govern the original sentencing of
fourth-degree felony OVI offenders. R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(d)(i) provides that when sentencing
a fourth-degree felony OVI offender who has not been convicted of, or pled guilty to, an R.C.
2941.1413 specification, a court may sentence the offender either to a mandatory term of
local incarceration of 60 days in accordance with R.C. 2929.13(G)(1) or to a mandatory
prison term in accordance with R.C. 2929.13(G)(2). The phrase "mandatory term of local
incarceration," includes sentencing the offender to jail. R.C. 2929.01(II).
{¶ 17} R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(d)(i) states in pertinent part:
If the court imposes a mandatory term of local incarceration, it may
impose a jail term in addition to the sixty-day mandatory term, the
cumulative total of the mandatory term and the jail term for the
offense shall not exceed one year, and, except as provided in
division (A)(1) of section 2929.13 of the Revised Code, no prison
term is authorized for the offense. If the court imposes a mandatory
prison term, notwithstanding division (A)(4) of section 2929.14 of
the Revised Code, it also may sentence the offender to a definite
prison term that shall be not less than six months and not more than
thirty months and the prison terms shall be imposed as described in
division (G)(2) of section 2929.13 of the Revised Code. If the court
imposes a mandatory prison term or mandatory prison term and
additional prison term, in addition to the term or terms so imposed,
the court also may sentence the offender to a community control
sanction for the offense, but the offender shall serve all of the
prison terms so imposed prior to serving the community control
sanction.
{¶ 18} R.C. 2929.13(A)(1) states that "[i]f the court imposes upon the offender a
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community control sanction and the offender violates any condition of the community control
sanction, the court may take any action prescribed in division (B) of section 2929.15 of the
Revised Code relative to the offender, including imposing a prison term on the offender
pursuant to that division."
{¶ 19} R.C. 2929.13(G) states in pertinent part:
(G) * * * [I]f an offender is being sentenced for a fourth degree
felony OVI offense * * *, the court shall impose upon the offender a
mandatory term of local incarceration or a mandatory prison term in
accordance with the following:
(1) If the offender is being sentenced for a fourth degree felony OVI
offense * * *, the court may impose upon the offender a mandatory
term of local incarceration of sixty days * * * as specified in division
(G)(1)(d) of section 4511.19 of the Revised Code. * * *
(2) * * * [I]f the offender is being sentenced for a fourth degree
felony OVI offense and the court does not impose a mandatory
term of local incarceration under division (G)(1) of this section, the
court * * * shall impose upon the offender a mandatory prison term
of sixty days * * * as specified in division (G)(1)(d) * * * of section
4511.19 of the Revised Code[.]
{¶ 20} R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(d)(i) and 2929.13(G) provide courts with two general
options for sentencing fourth-degree felony OVI offenders. Under the first option, the
sentencing court must order the offender to serve a 60-day mandatory term of local
incarceration under R.C. 2929.13(G)(1) and may order the offender to serve an additional jail
term, with the cumulative total of the mandatory 60-day term of local incarceration and the
additional jail term not to exceed one year. Under the second option, the sentencing court
must order the offender to serve a 60-day mandatory prison term under R.C. 2929.13(G)(2)
and may order the offender to serve a definite prison term of not less than six months and not
more than 30 months.
{¶ 21} In addition to these two general sentencing options, R.C. 2929.15(A)(1) allows
a court that is sentencing a fourth-degree felony OVI offender under either R.C.
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2929.13(G)(1) or 2929.13(G)(2) to impose upon the offender a community control sanction of
combination of community control sanctions in accordance with R.C. 2929.16 and 2929.17,
in addition to the mandatory periods of local incarceration, mandatory prison terms and/or
mandatory fines imposed on the offender.
{¶ 22} At the time of appellant's original sentencing, the trial court ordered appellant to
serve 60 days in the Clermont County Jail, and thus sentenced him to a mandatory term of
local incarceration under R.C. 2929.13(G)(1). The trial court did not impose an additional jail
term on appellant as it was permitted to do under R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(d)(i). Instead, the court
imposed a five-year period of community control on appellant, as it was permitted to do under
R.C. 2929.15(A)(1). However, the court notified appellant that if he violated the terms of his
community control, he could be sentenced to a 29-month prison term, and when appellant
violated the terms of his community control, the trial court revoked his community control and
sentenced him to 29 months in prison. The trial court cited no authority for its decision to
"mix and match" the various possible sanctions set forth in R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(d)(i).
However, under the plain words of that section, the definite prison term of not less than 6
months and not more than 30 months can be applied only where the trial court has imposed
a 60-day mandatory prison term on the offender.
{¶ 23} R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(d)(i) states that "[i]f the court imposes a mandatory prison
term, notwithstanding division (A)(4) of section 2929.14 of the Revised Code, it also may
sentence the offender to a definite prison term that shall be not less than six months and not
more than thirty months and the prison terms shall be imposed as described in division (G)(2)
of section 2929.13 of the Revised Code." Likewise, R.C. 2929.13(G)(2) states that "if the
offender is being sentenced for a fourth degree felony OVI offense and the court does not
impose a mandatory term of local incarceration under division (G)(1) of this section, the court
* * * shall impose upon the offender a mandatory prison term of sixty days * * * as specified in
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division (G)(1)(d) * * * of section 4511.19 of the Revised Code[.]"
{¶ 24} Additionally, R.C. 2929.14(B)(4), which is the section relied upon by the trial
court, states that
[i]f the offender is being sentenced for a * * * fourth degree felony
OVI offense under division (G)(2) of section 2929.13 of the Revised
Code, the sentencing court shall impose upon the offender a
mandatory prison term in accordance with that division. In addition
to the mandatory prison term, if the offender is being sentenced for
a fourth degree felony OVI offense, the court, notwithstanding
division (A)(4) of this section, may sentence the offender to a
definite prison term of not less than six months and not more than
thirty months[.]
{¶ 25} As can be seen from the foregoing, the imposition of a definite prison term from
six months to 30 months is dependent upon the imposition of a 60-day mandatory prison
sentence. In this case, however, the trial court did not impose a 60-day mandatory prison
sentence but, instead, imposed a 60-day period of local incarceration. Consequently, the
definite prison term from six months to 30 months has no application in cases where the trial
court has imposed a mandatory 60-day term of local incarceration rather than a mandatory
60-day prison term. Therefore the trial court erred in finding that it was authorized under R.C.
2929.14(B)(4) to impose a 29-month prison sentence on appellant for violating the terms of
his community control. However, we disagree with appellant's argument that the trial court
was not permitted to sentence him to any prison term for violating the terms of his community
control, but instead, was only permitted to sentence him to one year in jail.
{¶ 26} R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(d)(i) states that, if the sentencing court imposes a
mandatory term of local incarceration, the court may impose a jail term in addition to the 60-
day mandatory term, but the cumulative total of the mandatory term and the jail term for the
offense must not exceed one year, and "except as provided in division (A)(1) of section
2929.13 of the Revised Code, no prison term is authorized for the offense." (Emphasis
added.) R.C. 2929.13(A)(1) states that, if an offender violates any condition of a community
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control sanction imposed on him, the sentencing court may take any action prescribed in
R.C. 2929.15(B) "relative to the offender, including imposing a prison term on the offender
pursuant to that division." R.C. 2929.15(B)(1)(c) provides that, if the offender violates the
conditions of his community control, the trial court may impose a prison term under R.C.
2929.14. R.C. 2929.14(B)(4) does not apply for the reasons set forth above. Because R.C.
2929.14(B)(4) does not apply in this case, R.C. 2929.14(A) does apply, and the maximum
prison term for fourth-degree felony offenders that can be imposed under R.C. 2929.14(A)(4)
is 18 months.
{¶ 27} Accordingly, appellant's assignment of error is sustained to the extent indicated.
{¶ 28} The judgment of the trial court is reversed, and this cause is remanded for
resentencing consistent with this Opinion.
PIPER and M. POWELL, JJ., concur.
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