Rosett v. Holmes , 2023 Ohio 606 ( 2023 )

[Cite as Rosett v. Holmes, 2023-Ohio-606.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
WENDY S. ROSETT, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
No. 111511
v. :
CORTNI HOLMES, ET AL., :
Defendant-Appellant. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: March 2, 2023
Civil Appeal from the Cleveland Heights Municipal Court
Case No. CVG 2100196
Appearances:
Wendy S. Rosett, pro se.
Cortni Holmes, pro se.
MICHAEL JOHN RYAN, J.:
In this accelerated appeal under App.R. 11.1 and Loc.App.R. 11.1.,
defendant-appellant Cortni Holmes appeals from the final judgment of the
Cleveland Heights Municipal Court that granted judgment in favor of plaintiff-
appellee Wendy Rosett. The purpose of an accelerated appeal is to allow the
appellate court to render a brief and conclusory opinion. Crawford v. Eastland
Shopping Mall Assn., 11 Ohio App.3d 158, 463 N.E.2d 655 (10th Dist.1983); App.R.
11.1(E). After a review of the record and pertinent law, we affirm.
Factual and Procedural History
In February 2020, Rosett, as landlord, entered into a lease agreement
with Holmes and defendant Maurice Johnson (collectively “Holmes”), as tenants,
relative to a residence located on South Overlook Road in Cleveland Heights. The
lease was for a term of 16 months, beginning on March 1, 2020, and ending on June
30, 2021. The monthly rent was $1,200, plus an additional monthly amount for
water, sewer, and other utilities assessed on a per occupant rate based on the
monthly usage.
Beginning in November 2020, Holmes deposited the rent into an
escrow account with the municipal court. According to Rosett, beginning in
February 2021, Holmes stopped paying rent into the escrow account and did not pay
rent to her directly either. Thus, in February 2021, Rosett filed a “two-cause”
forcible entry and detainer complaint against Holmes, Johnson, and other
defendants.1 Rosett caused a “three-day notice to leave” the premises to be served
on Holmes.
1
The other defendants were Miranda Johnson and Marisa Johnson. They were
alleged to have resided at the subject premise.
In March 2021, the parties filed an agreed judgment entry, under
which Holmes agreed to a move-out date. Thus, the trial court dismissed the first
cause — the forcible entry and detainer portion — of the case.
Holmes filed an answer and counterclaim. In the counterclaim,
Holmes alleged that the subject house was in deplorable, uninhabitable condition,
she requested repairs be made, and Rosett failed to remedy the conditions. Holmes
further alleged that she contacted the city of Cleveland Heights about the condition
of the house. The city ordered Holmes to pay her rent into the escrow account until
the issues were remedied, but the conditions were never remedied. Rosett answered
Holmes’s counterclaim, denying many of the allegations set forth in the
counterclaim.
Rosett filed a motion for default judgment against the remaining
defendants — Maurice, Miranda, and Marisa — for failure to plead and contending
that the answer Holmes, a non-lawyer, pro se litigant, filed did not extend to them.
A default hearing was held before a magistrate; the remaining defendants failed to
appear, and the magistrate issued a decision recommending judgment in favor of
Rosett and against Maurice in the amount of $3,162.02 and granting “judgment * * *
in favor of Defendants Miranda & Marisa Johnson.”
Holmes filed a notice of service discovery requests, including for
admissions, that she propounded on Rosett. Holmes subsequently filed a motion
for summary judgment and, in support of her motion, included her affidavit and
evidence (i.e., text messages purportedly between her and Rosett). The trial court
set the matter for a hearing, and the record demonstrates that a hearing before a
magistrate took place on February 16, 2022. Both Rosett and Holmes were present.
The magistrate issued a decision recommending judgment in favor of Rosett and
against Holmes in the amount of $3,162.02.
Holmes filed objections to the magistrate’s decision; however, she did
not file the transcript of the hearing. In an April 4, 2022 judgment, the trial court
overruled Holmes’s objections and adopted the magistrate’s decision. The court
rendered judgment in favor of Rosett and against Holmes and Maurice Johnson,
jointly and severally, in the amount of $3,162.02.
Assignments of Error
Holmes presents the following three assignments of error for our
review:
I. The trial court erred in failing to adjudicate at all defendant-
appellants’ unopposed motion for summary judgment in
violation of appellant[’s] due process rights to fundamental
fairness in [the] administration of justice.
II. The trial court decision[,] in failing to adjudicate the merits of
defendant-appellant[’s] counter-claims[,] denied appellant of
[her] due process right to a fair review of [her] claim before a
neutral arbiter of [the] facts and law.
III. The trial court [erred in its] monetary award of judgment in favor
of the plaintiff without consideration to the defendant-
appellant[’s] due process rights to a fair proceeding.
Law and Analysis
The Trial Court Denied the Motion for Summary Judgment; the Movant
Was Not Automatically Entitled to Summary Judgment Based on the
Mere Fact That the Motion Was Unopposed
In her first assignment of error, Holmes contends that the trial court
erred in not ruling on her unopposed motion for summary judgment.
It is well-settled that when a motion is not ruled on, it is deemed to be
denied. Newman v. Al Castrucci Ford Sales, Inc., 54 Ohio App.3d 166, 169, 561
N.E.2d 1001 (1st Dist.1988), citing Solon v. Solon Baptist Temple, Inc., 8 Ohio
App.3d 347, 457 N.E.2d 858 (8th Dist.1982). Thus, because the trial court never
ruled on Holmes’s motion, it was denied. For the reasons set forth below, we find
no error in the trial court’s denial of Holmes’s motion for summary judgment.
Summary judgment may issue when, after viewing the evidence in a
light most favorable to the nonmoving party, there is no genuine issue as to any
material fact and reasonable minds could conclude only that judgment must issue
as a matter of law. See Civ.R. 56(C). The party seeking summary judgment has the
initial burden of establishing the absence of any genuine issue of material fact.
Dresher v. Burt, 75 Ohio St.3d 280, 292-293, 662 N.E.2d 264 (1996). If this burden
has been met, the nonmoving party must come forward with specific facts in the
manner outlined by Civ.R. 56(E).
That a motion for summary judgment is unopposed does not mean
that the moving party is automatically entitled to it being granted. Even when a
motion for summary judgment is unopposed, the motion and supporting evidence
must show the absence of any material fact before the court can grant the motion.
This is demonstrated by the language of Civ.R. 56(C), which states “[a] summary
judgment shall not be rendered unless it appears from the evidence or stipulation,
and only from the evidence or stipulation, that reasonable minds can come to but
one conclusion and that conclusion is adverse to the party against whom the motion
for summary judgment is made.” (Emphasis added.) Thus, the Supreme Court of
Ohio has held that “even where the nonmoving party fails completely to respond to
the motion, summary judgment is improper unless reasonable minds can come to
only one conclusion and that conclusion is adverse to the nonmoving party.”
(Emphasis sic.) Morris v. Ohio Cas. Ins. Co., 35 Ohio St.3d 45, 47, 517 N.E.2d 904(1988), citing Toledo’s Great E. Shoppers City, Inc. v. Abde’s Black Angus Steak
House No. III, Inc., 24 Ohio St.3d 198, 494 N.E.2d 1101 (1986).
The trial court did rule on Holmes’s motion for summary judgment
— it denied it — and Holmes was not entitled to judgment as a matter of law merely
because the motion was unopposed.
In her motion for summary judgment, Holmes contended that Rosett
ignored her repeated requests for various repairs and, therefore, breached the terms
of rental agreement. Holmes averred in her affidavit that copies of screenshots of
text messages between her and Rosett demonstrated that Rosett “refused to correct
the problems.” The text messages did not support Holmes’s contention. For
example, in one of the messages, Holmes informed Rosett that a bathroom light was
not working. Rosett responded, “I just saw this [message]. I’ll call a repair person.
Did the light simply not go on or did the bulb flash and go out?” Thus, despite Rosett
not filing a brief in opposition to Holmes’s motion for summary judgment, a genuine
issue of material fact remained to be litigated. Summary judgment therefore was
not proper.
We acknowledge that Holmes served discovery, including requests
for admissions, on Rosett and the record does not indicate that Rosett responded.
Under Civ.R. 36(A), the failure of a party to timely respond to requests for
admissions with an answer or objection constitutes a conclusive admission of the
matter contained in the request, and becomes facts of record the trial court must
recognize. Cleveland Trust Co. v. Willis, 20 Ohio St.3d 66, 67, 485 N.E.2d 1052(1985). “An admission arising by failure [of the recipient] to respond to a request
for admissions * * * is a ‘written admission’ for purposes of Civ.R. 56(C).”
T & S Lumber Co. v. Alta Constr. Co., 19 Ohio App.3d 241, 244, 483 N.E.2d 1216(8th Dist.1984).
However, the same admissions that were the subject of Holmes’s
discovery request were previously denied by Rosett in her answer to Holmes’s
counterclaim. Given this procedural posturing, there were genuine issues of
material fact and the trial court proceeding to a hearing on the motion was not error.
See, e.g., Buoscio v. Ciccolini, 9th Dist. Summit No. 16350, 1994 Ohio App. LEXIS
1057 (Mar. 9, 1994) (holding that although a summary judgment motion was based
on matters admitted because of a party’s failure to respond, summary judgment was
improperly granted because other evidence in the record created a genuine issue of
material fact.).2
The first assignment of error is overruled.
The Trial Court Did Consider the Defendant’s Counterclaim; Regularity
Presumed
In her second assignment of error, Holmes contends that she was
denied due process because the trial court failed to consider her counterclaim. In
her third assignment of error, Holmes contends that the trial court erred by granting
judgment in favor of Rosett; Holmes contends she was entitled to judgment on her
counterclaim.
We begin our analysis of these assignments of error by noting that
Holmes failed to make the transcript of the hearing part of the record for the trial
court’s review of the magistrate’s decision or for our appellate review.
Under Civ.R. 53, any “objection to a factual finding, whether or not
specifically designated as a finding of fact under Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(a)(ii), shall be
supported by a transcript of all the evidence submitted to the magistrate relevant to
that finding or an affidavit of that evidence if a transcript is not available.” Civ.R.
53(D)(3)(b)(iii). “It is well established that if the objecting party fails to file a proper
transcript of all relevant testimony with his or her objections, a trial court’s review
is necessarily limited to the magistrate’s conclusions of law.” Vannucci v. Schneider,
8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 104598, 2017-Ohio-192, ¶ 17; see also James v. My Cute
We further note that, although Holmes argues here on appeal that the admissions
2
were deemed admitted, she never argued that in her motion for summary judgment.
Car, L.L.C., 10th Dist. Franklin No. 16AP-603, 2017-Ohio-1291, ¶ 15, quoting
Ramsey v. Ramsey, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 13AP-840, 2014-Ohio-1921, ¶ 16-18
(“‘In the absence of both a transcript and an affidavit, the trial court must accept the
magistrate’s findings of fact and may only examine the legal conclusions drawn from
those facts.’”).3
Likewise, the failure to file a transcript or affidavit under
Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(b)(iii) waives all factual challenges to the magistrate’s decision on
appeal. In re A.L., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99040, 2013-Ohio-5120, ¶ 11; Scott v.
Nameth, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 16AP-64, 2016-Ohio-5532, ¶ 23; see also Gill v.
Grafton Corr. Inst., 10th Dist. Franklin No. 09AP-1019, 2010-Ohio-2977, ¶ 14
(“[W]here a party files objections to a magistrate’s decision in the trial court, but
does not support those objections with a transcript or affidavit, that party is
precluded from arguing on appeal that the trial court erred in its factual
determinations.”).
When it is necessary to the disposition of any question on appeal, the
appellant bears the burden of providing a transcript. Rose Chevrolet, Inc. v. Adams,
36 Ohio St.3d 17, 19, 520 N.E.2d 564 (1988). In the absence of a transcript, we must
presume regularity in the trial court proceedings. Hartt v. Munobe, 67 Ohio St.3d
3, 7, 615 N.E.2d 617 (1993); Knapp v. Edwards Laboratories, 61 Ohio St.2d 197, 199,
400 N.E.2d 384 (1980).
We note that Holmes did not file a request for findings of fact and conclusions of
3
law under Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(a)(ii). Thus, the trial court’s review was limited to the
magistrate’s decision.
The trial court’s final judgment granted “[j]udgment for Plaintiff as to
Defendant’s Counterclaim.” Therefore, the trial court did consider Holmes’s
counterclaim. However, because Holmes failed to file a transcript or affidavit under
Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(b)(iii), we presume the regularity of its judgment. The second and
third assignments of error are overruled.
Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to said court to carry this judgment
into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule
27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
MICHAEL JOHN RYAN, JUDGE
FRANK DANIEL CELEBREZZE, III, P.J., and
MICHELLE J. SHEEHAN, J., CONCUR