In re Jane Doe , 2023 Ohio 614 ( 2023 )

[Cite as In re Jane Doe, 2023-Ohio-614.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
IN RE JANE DOE :
: No. 111822
A Minor Child :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: REVERSED AND REMANDED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: March 2, 2023
Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Juvenile Division
Case No. FA22100458
Appearances:
Kubyn & Ghaster and R. Russell Kubyn, for appellant.
MARY EILEEN KILBANE, J.:
Appellant Brad Francis (“Francis”) appeals from the juvenile court’s
journal entry dismissing his complaint for allocation of parental rights and
responsibilities. For the following reasons, we reverse.
Factual and Procedural History
The entirety of the facts contained in our record are as follows.
Francis is a resident of the U.S. Virgin Islands and M.D. is a resident of Cuyahoga
County. Francis’s complaint alleged that while M.D. was visiting the U.S. Virgin
Islands at an unspecified date, M.D. and Francis engaged in sexual relations.
Francis further alleged that subsequently, M.D. informed Francis via cellphone
communication that she was pregnant with his child. Francis communicated to
M.D. that he wanted to be involved in the child’s life. Francis further alleged that
around Thanksgiving 2021, M.D. gave birth to a female child and sent a photo of the
child to Francis, along with a message that the child would be put up for adoption.
The record does not contain a birth certificate or any other documentation related
to the child, nor does it contain any reference to the child’s date or place of birth.
Francis attached to his complaint photos of messages purportedly exchanged
between himself and M.D.
On January 12, 2022, Francis filed a complaint for allocation of
parental rights and responsibilities against M.D., along with a motion for temporary
allocation of parental rights and responsibilities. Francis filed the complaint and
motion for temporary allocation of parental rights and responsibilities in order to
“see his child” and also to “thwart any potential adoption.”
On March 9, 2022, the juvenile court held a hearing on Francis’s
complaint and motion. Francis, Francis’s counsel, and M.D. were present for this
hearing. In a journal entry following this hearing, the court stated:
The Court finds that there is no clear evidence of parentage for Jane
Doe, such that following the discussion with the parties, leave is
granted to the complainant to conduct further investigation.
The court held a hearing on July 6, 2022. Francis and his counsel were present for
the hearing; M.D. did not appear at the hearing. In a journal entry following this
hearing, the court stated:
Whereupon, this matter came on for Preliminary hearing. The Court
finds that no alleged child of the complainant and the respondent was
found.
The Court finds and concludes that [Francis] has failed to state a claim
upon which relief may be granted.
It is therefore ordered that the Complaint and motion filed by [Francis]
through counsel are dismissed without prejudice.
Francis appeals, presenting a single assignment of error for our
review:
Based upon a de novo review, the trial court erred to the prejudice of
the appellant and abused its discretion by sua sponte dismissing the
appellant’s complaint for allocation of parental rights and
responsibilities and motion for temporary allocation of parental rights
and responsibilities for failure to state a claim upon which relief may
be granted.
Law and Analysis
The Ohio Supreme Court “has stated that ‘[t]he Rules of Civil
Procedure neither expressly permit nor forbid courts to sua sponte dismiss
complaints.’” Carlson v. Baker & Hostetler, L.L.P., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 98722,
2013-Ohio-273, ¶ 11, quoting State ex rel. Edwards v. Toledo City School Dist. Bd.
Of Edn., 72 Ohio St.3d 106, 647 N.E.2d 799 (1995). Generally, a court may dismiss
a complaint on its own motion pursuant to Civ.R. 12(B)(6), failure to state a claim
upon which relief may be granted, only after the parties are given notice of the
court’s intention to dismiss and an opportunity to respond. Id. Some courts have
recognized an exception to this general rule by allowing sua sponte dismissal
without notice “where the complaint is frivolous or the claimant obviously cannot
possibly prevail on the facts alleged in the complaint.” Id., citing Sheridan v. Metro.
Life Ins. Co., 182 Ohio App.3d 107, 2009-Ohio-1808, 911 N.E.2d 950 (10th Dist.).
We review rulings on Civ.R. 12(B)(6) dismissals under a de novo
standard. Woods v. Sharkin, 2022-Ohio-1949, 192 N.E.3d 1174, ¶ 28 (8th Dist.),
citing Hersh v. Grumer, 2021-Ohio-2582, 176 N.E.3d 1135, ¶ 5 (8th Dist.). In order
for a court to dismiss a complaint under Civ.R. 12(B)(6) for failure to state a claim
upon which relief may be granted, it must appear beyond doubt that the plaintiff can
prove no set of facts in support of his or her claim that would entitle the plaintiff to
relief. Doe v. Archdiocese of Cincinnati, 109 Ohio St.3d 491, 493, 2006-Ohio-2625,
849 N.E.2d 268. Further, reviewing courts accept as true all material allegations of
the complaint and make all reasonable inferences in favor of the plaintiff. Carlson
at ¶ 12, citing Maitland v. Ford Motor Co., 103 Ohio St.3d 463, 2004-Ohio-5717, 816
N.E.2d 1061. A sua sponte dismissal without notice or an opportunity to respond is
fundamentally unfair to litigants. Moore v. Houses on the Move, Inc., 177 Ohio
App.3d 585, 2008-Ohio-3552, 895 N.E.2d 579, ¶ 13 (8th Dist.), citing Mayrides v.
Franklin Cty. Prosecutor’s Office, 71 Ohio App.3d 381, 384, 594 N.E.2d 48 (10th
Dist.1991). A sua sponte dismissal “places the court in the role of a proponent rather
than an independent entity” and further, sua sponte dismissals “prejudice
appellants as they deny any opportunity to respond to the alleged insufficiencies.”
Id., citing Mayrides.
As an initial matter, we note that the record in this case is limited
primarily to Francis’s complaint and motion and the aforementioned journal
entries. Our review of the record reveals neither an indication that the court
provided Francis with notice of its intent to dismiss the complaint pursuant to Civ.R.
12(B)(6) and an opportunity to respond, nor any rationale for its sua sponte
dismissal, let alone a finding that the complaint was frivolous or Francis obviously
could not prevail on the facts alleged in the complaint.
Ultimately, appellate review is frustrated when a trial court offers no
explanation or reasoning for a sua sponte dismissal. Moore at ¶ 13. Had the trial
court given Francis an opportunity to respond to its intent to sua sponte dismiss his
complaint, the record would be more developed so as to facilitate meaningful
appellate review. Reviewing the scant record in this case, it does not appear beyond
doubt, after construing the material factual allegations in Francis’s complaint most
strongly in his favor, that his complaint is either frivolous or obviously without
merit. Therefore, we conclude that the trial court erred in sua sponte dismissing
Francis’s complaint without notifying the parties of its intent to dismiss the
complaint and providing Francis an opportunity to respond.
Therefore, we sustain Francis’s assignment of error.
Judgment reversed and case remanded for proceedings consistent
with this opinion.
It is ordered that appellant recover from appellee costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the
common pleas court, juvenile division, to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
MARY EILEEN KILBANE, JUDGE
ANITA LASTER MAYS, A.J., and
FRANK DANIEL CELEBREZZE, III, J., CONCUR