In re D.F. , 2019 Ohio 3710 ( 2019 )

[Cite as In re D.F., 2019-Ohio-3710.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
In the Matter of: :
D.F., III, : No. 18AP-811
(C.P.C. No. 17JU-06-7422)
(N.D., :
(REGULAR CALENDAR)
Defendant-Appellant). :
In the Matter of: :
D.D., : No. 18AP-813
(C.P.C. No. 17JU-06-7421)
(N.D., :
(REGULAR CALENDAR)
Defendant-Appellant). :
D E C I S I O N
Rendered on September 13, 2019
On brief: Yeura R. Venters, Public Defender, and Ian J.
Jones, for appellant.
On brief: Robert J. McClaren, for appellee Franklin County
Children Services.
On brief: Michelle Mumaw, Guardian ad Litem.
APPEALS from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas,
Division of Domestic Relations, Juvenile Branch
SADLER, J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, N.D., appeals from judgments of the Franklin County
Court of Common Pleas, Division of Domestic Relations, Juvenile Branch, awarding
custody of N.D.'s two minor children, D.F., III, and D.D., to plaintiff-appellee, Franklin
County Children Services ("FCCS").
I. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
{¶ 2} Appellant is the biological mother of D.D., born in May 2014, and D.F., born
in February 2017. In June 2017, FCCS filed a dependency complaint for D.D. requesting a
Nos. 18AP-811 and 18AP-813 2
permanent court commitment be granted for purpose of adoption and filed a dependency
complaint for D.F. requesting a temporary order of custody to the agency.
{¶ 3} Both cases were tried before a magistrate on August 30, 2017, and on
September 6, 2017, the magistrate issued written decisions in both cases finding each child
to be dependent, pursuant to R.C. 2151.04(C), and granting FCCS' requests for a permanent
court commitment for D.D. and a temporary court commitment for D.F. The same day, the
trial court entered judgments adopting the magistrate's decisions and making the
magistrate's decisions the judgments of the court.1
{¶ 4} On October 7, 2017, appellant filed a motion for leave to file objections to the
magistrate's decisions, along with her objections and a request for a transcript at the state's
expense. The motion for leave to file objections states that after the magistrate provided an
oral decision at the hearing, counsel wrote appellant a letter giving her instructions to
contact counsel in order to file timely objections, as counsel would be on vacation and
unavailable prior to and during the deadline for objections. According to the motion for
leave to file objections, appellant left messages for counsel over Labor Day weekend;
counsel's staff returned appellant's call but left appellant a message under the incorrect
name because counsel's staff had written appellant's name down incorrectly. After counsel
got back, appellant told counsel that she decided to wait until counsel returned from
vacation to inquire about the status of the appeal. FCCS filed a motion to dismiss
appellant's motion for leave to file late objections, arguing appellant's failure to file timely
objections deprived the trial court of jurisdiction.
{¶ 5} The trial court granted appellant's motion for leave to file objections and held
a hearing on the objections. On September 21, 2018, the trial court issued a decision
addressing both cases overruling appellant's objections and approving and adopting the
magistrate's June 6, 2017 decisions. On October 19, 2018, appellant filed notices of appeal
in each case from the trial court's September 21, 2018 decision and associated judgment
entries.
1 The judgment entries direct that "[s]hould a party file timely objections to the magistrate's decision," the
order would serve as an interim order under Civ.R. 53(D)(4)(e)(ii) and Juv.R. 40(D)(4)(e)(ii), thereby not
imposing the stay of execution of the order usually triggered by timely objections. (Sept. 6, 2017 Jgmt. Entries
at 1.)
Nos. 18AP-811 and 18AP-813 3
II. ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
{¶ 6} Appellant assigns the following as trial court error:
[1.] The trial court's adjudication of dependency of D.D. and
D.F. was not supported by clear and convincing evidence and
was against the manifest weight of the evidence.
[2.] Sufficient evidence was not presented to support the
finding that D.D. and D.F. were dependent children.
[3.] The trial court's permanent court commitment of D.D. to
FCCS was not supported by clear and convincing evidence and
was against the manifest weight of the evidence that the
commitment was in D.D.'s best interest.
[4.] Sufficient evidence was not presented to support the trial
court's finding by a preponderance of the evidence that
temporary court commitment of D.F. to FCCS was in D.F.'s best
interest.
III. LEGAL ANALYSIS
{¶ 7} As a preliminary issue, FCCS contends this court lacks jurisdiction to hear
these appeals. For the following reasons, we agree.
{¶ 8} Pursuant to Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(b)(i) and Juv.R. 40(D)(3)(b)(i), a party may file
objections to a magistrate's decision within 14 days of the filing of the decision, "whether or
not the court has adopted the decision during that fourteen-day period." A "reasonable"
extension of time to file objections to a magistrate's decision beyond the 14-day deadline is
permitted "[f]or good cause shown." Civ.R. 53(D)(5) and Juv.R. 40(D)(5). "Good cause"
includes, but is not limited to, a failure by the clerk to timely serve the party seeking the
extension with the magistrate's order or decision. Civ.R. 53(D)(5) and Juv.R. 40(D)(5).
The timely filing of objections to the magistrate's decision operates as an automatic stay of
execution of the judgment until the court disposes of those objections and vacates,
modifies, or adheres to the judgment previously entered. Civ.R. 53(D)(4)(e)(i) and Juv.R.
40(D)(4)(e)(i). Furthermore, where no objections are timely filed, App.R. 4(A) still "allows
a party to file a notice of appeal within 30 days after the trial court enters its judgment
adopting the magistrate's decision." Levy v. Ivie, 195 Ohio App.3d 251, 2011-Ohio-4055,
¶ 11 (10th Dist.). See also App.R. 4(B)(2).
Nos. 18AP-811 and 18AP-813 4
{¶ 9} In Levy, we found the trial court lacked jurisdiction to rule on the appellant's
untimely filed objections where the trial court had already adopted and entered judgment
on the magistrate's decision and that any attempt to later rule on the untimely objections is
a "nullity." Id. at ¶ 16. Furthermore, we noted that the appellant could have appealed the
trial court's judgment adopting the magistrate's decision but failed to do so within the time
parameters of App.R. 4(A). Therefore, we found we lacked jurisdiction and dismissed the
appeal. In Akin v. Bushong, 10th Dist. No. 17AP-107, 2017-Ohio-7333, ¶ 7-9, we followed
Levy to sua sponte dismiss an appeal where the trial court entered judgment on the
magistrate's decision within the 14-day time to file objections, and the appellant neither
filed timely objections nor appealed the initial trial court judgment entry on the
magistrate's decision.
{¶ 10} In this case, it is undisputed that the trial court adopted and entered
judgments on the magistrate's decisions on September 6, 2017, within the 14-day window
appellant had to object to the magistrate's decision under Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(b)(i) and Juv.R.
40(D)(3)(b)(i). Similar to Levy and Akin, appellant did not appeal the trial court's
September 6 judgments and then waited until October 7, 2017 to seek leave to object to the
magistrate's decisions—well past the 14-day deadline to file objections and past the
deadline to file appeals with this court as well. Appellant ultimately filed appeals from the
trial court's September 21, 2018 judgments, which considered and overruled her untimely
filed objections.
{¶ 11} Appellant, in reply to appellee's argument regarding jurisdiction, points to
Tenth District Court of Appeals cases which recognize, in certain circumstances, the
discretion of a trial court to consider untimely objections to magistrate decisions. Having
reviewed these cases, we find them distinguishable from the case at hand and therefore not
grounds to deviate from the reasoning of Levy and Akin. Specifically, Ramsey v. Ramsey,
10th Dist. No. 13AP-840, 2014-Ohio-1921, ¶ 20, and Wiltz v. Accountancy Bd. of Ohio, 10th
Dist. No. 16AP-169, 2016-Ohio-8345, ¶ 22, found the trial court had discretion to review
untimely objections to the magistrate's decision before it entered final judgment. As
previously stated, it is undisputed in this case that the trial court entered judgments
adopting the magistrate's decisions prior to appellant filing the untimely objections.
{¶ 12} Likewise, Blevins v. Blevins, 10th Dist. No. 14AP-175, 2014-Ohio-3933, ¶ 18,
and Watley v. Dept. of Rehab. & Corr., 10th Dist. No. 06AP-1128, 2007-Ohio-1841, ¶ 10,
Nos. 18AP-811 and 18AP-813 5
dealt with good cause under Civ.R. 53(D)(5) "in the unusual circumstance" where the
record shows the clerk did not serve the magistrate's decisions to allow for the timely filing
of objections. Here, there was no failure of service on the part of the clerk. Moreover,
appellant's stated reasons for filing untimely objections—a communication issue with her
counsel prior to her counsel going on vacation and appellant's choice to wait for her counsel
to return to inquire about the status of her appeal—do not rise to the level of good cause to
deviate from Levy and Akin. See also Roberts v. Skaggs, 176 Ohio App.3d 251, 2008-Ohio-
1954, ¶ 23 (1st Dist.) (noting the availability of Civ.R. 53(D)(5) to correct due process
deficiencies).
{¶ 13} Finally, we note and find persuasive the opinions of other districts that
considered similar issues involving untimely objections to magistrate's decisions and have
determined, in line with Levy and Akin, that a trial court lacks jurisdiction to review
untimely objections if the trial court already entered judgment on the magistrate's decision.
See, e.g., Olson v. Olson, 7th Dist. No. 15 CO 2, 2015-Ohio-5550, ¶ 37; J.B. v. R.B., 9th Dist.
No. 14CA0044-M, 2015-Ohio-3808, ¶ 8; Hasch v. Hasch, 11th Dist. No. 2007-L-127, 2008-
Ohio-1689, ¶ 22-23; Learning Tree Academy, Ltd. v. Holeyfield, 12th Dist. No. CA2013-
10-194, 2014-Ohio-2006, ¶ 16-18.
{¶ 14} Considering all the above, we find the reasoning of Levy and Akin applies in
this case. Therefore, consistent with Levy and Akin, appellant's failure to file timely
objections caused the September 6, 2017 final judgments of the trial court to remain in full
effect and the trial court's later judgment on the untimely objections to be a nullity which
is "unreviewable on appeal." Akin at ¶ 9. Because appellant did not appeal from the trial
court's September 6, 2017 judgments within the time parameters of App.R. 4(A), we lack
jurisdiction and these appeals should be dismissed. Levy at ¶ 16.
IV. CONCLUSION
{¶ 15} Based on the foregoing, we lack jurisdiction to hear these appeals.
Accordingly, these appeals are dismissed.
Appeals dismissed.
BEATTY BLUNT, J., concurs
BRUNNER, J., dissents.
Nos. 18AP-811 and 18AP-813 6
BRUNNER, J., dissenting.
{¶ 16} FCCS in response to N.D.'s appeals has raised a challenge to this Court's
jurisdiction, with which the majority agrees. FCCS argues that, because the domestic and
juvenile court adopted the magistrate's decisions the same day they were filed and the
mother of the two children who are the subject of these two cases, N.D., delayed objecting
or appealing until one day after the 30 days after the domestic and juvenile court adopted
the magistrate's decisions, we lack jurisdiction to hear N.D.'s appeals. I respectfully
disagree on this point.
{¶ 17} I would find that this Court does have jurisdiction to hear N.D.'s appeals,
according to the procedural issues related to Civ.R. 53. I would find that the domestic and
juvenile court acted within its discretion when it permitted the late filing of objections to
the magistrate's decisions. While the domestic and juvenile court's reason that the
objections were "timely" is a misnomer and does not constitute a sufficient basis in this
instance for considering N.D.'s objections, Civ.R. 53(D)(5) permits the domestic and
juvenile court to permit the late filing of objections "for good cause shown," which is
ultimately what the record shows the domestic and juvenile court decided to do.
{¶ 18} The late-filed objections were accompanied by a motion for leave to file them
will a full explanation of why the objections were late. Moreover, they were filed on the
cusp of the 31st day, just one hour and eight minutes past the midnight electronic filing
deadline following the domestic and juvenile court's orders adopting the magistrate's
decisions. And no appeal had been filed at this point.
{¶ 19} Civ.R. 53(D)(4)(c) provides that, in the event that no timely objections to a
magistrate's decision are filed, the court "may" adopt it. The domestic and juvenile court
was not required to adopt the magistrate's decisions, since Civ.R. 53(D)(4) provides that no
magistrate's decision is ever effective unless adopted by the court. Civ.R. 53(D)(4)(a).
While it did so on the same day (and at the very same time) they were filed, Civ.R. 53 is
clear that an order of reference does not divest the trial court of control over the referred
case.
{¶ 20} To illustrate: Civ.R. 53(D)(4)(b) provides that, after the filing of a magistrate's
decision, a court may, "whether or not objections are timely filed," "adopt or reject a
magistrate's decision in whole or in part, with or without modification[,] * * * hear a
previously-referred matter, take additional evidence, or return a matter to a magistrate."
Nos. 18AP-811 and 18AP-813 7
Id. Viewing Civ.R. 53 en toto, the domestic and juvenile court did not lack jurisdiction to
consider N.D.'s objections when the record indicates good cause was shown for their late
filing. Also, Civ.R. 60(B) permits relief from judgment at the discretion of the trial court
within a reasonable time and in certain cases up to one year after judgment.
{¶ 21} In reaching this conclusion on jurisdiction, I would distinguish a line of cases
wherein we have found that when no timely objection is made to a decision adopting a
magistrate's decision, that decision becomes final.2 This is because N.D.'s counsel filed her
motion for leave to file late objections under Civ.R. 53, stating grounds that could support
good cause for extending the time to file them, and the domestic and juvenile court granted
counsel's motion before any appeal was filed. Our decision unfortunately extends a line of
cases that operate in their analysis to deprive the trial court of discretion provided under
Civ.R. 53, especially in cases involving matters considered to be socially and civilly critical,
such as the permanent custody of a child. As explained, I would find that the domestic and
juvenile court did not lack jurisdiction in considering N.D.'s objections or that we lack
jurisdiction to hear these appeals.
{¶ 22} One further point—even though Civ.R. 53 permits a trial court to adopt a
magistrate's decision before the 14-day period to file objections has expired, no court can
adopt a magistrate's decision without at least determining "that there is an error of law or
other defect evident on the face of the magistrate's decision." Civ.R. 53(D)(4)(c).
{¶ 23} The record shows that the domestic and juvenile court's decisions in these
two consolidated cases involving D.D. and D.F. were adopted and entered simultaneously
with the filing of the magistrate's decisions.3 As such, it seems incredible that Civ.R.
2 See Akin v. Bushong, 10th Dist. No. 17AP-107, 2017-Ohio-7333, ¶ 8, quoting Levy v. Ivie, 195 Ohio App.3d
251, 2011-Ohio-4055, ¶ 11-16 (10th Dist.). "Untimely objections filed after the entry of a final judgment are
tantamount to a motion for reconsideration, which is a nullity. Moreover, it follows that a judgment entered
on a motion for reconsideration is also a nullity and a party cannot appeal from such a judgment." (Internal
quotation marks, brackets, and citations omitted.) Akin at ¶ 8, quoting Levy at ¶ 15; Murray v. Goldfinger, 2d
Dist. No. 19433, 2003-Ohio-459, ¶ 5; Rutan v. Collins, 10th Dist. No. 03AP-36, 2003-Ohio-4826, ¶ 7;
Primmer v. Lipp, 5th Dist. No. 02-CA-94, 2003-Ohio-3577, ¶ 7, citing Pitts v. Ohio Dept. of Transp., 67 Ohio
St.2d 378, 379 (1981). Furthermore, caselaw makes clear that even the right to due process in a permanent
child custody case is not sufficient to overcome the jurisdictional barrier created by the 30-day appellate
deadline imposed by App.R. 4. In re C.J., 10th Dist. No. 16AP-891, 2018-Ohio-931, ¶ 65-79; In re K.J., 10th
Dist. No. 15AP-21, 2015-Ohio-2244, in passim; see also In re B.C., 141 Ohio St.3d 55, 2014-Ohio-4558,
syllabus; In re H.F., 120 Ohio St.3d 499, 2008-Ohio-6810, syllabus.
3 The September 6, 2017 magistrate's decisions and the judgment entries signed by the judge were both filed
at 9:48 a.m. in each PCC case. Perhaps the judge reviewed the magistrate's decisions before they were filed
by the magistrate, but we have no assurance of that because of the simultaneous filing of both. This certainly
hurts public perception of the courts. This issue was not raised on appeal and because it is possible that the
Nos. 18AP-811 and 18AP-813 8
53(D)(4)(c) as quoted above could have been fulfilled to the extent contemplated by the rule
or expected by the public.
{¶ 24} The administrative efficiency of adopting a magistrate's decision before the
filing of objections cannot be denied, but the process cannot be "rocket-docketed" to the
point that meaningful review is denied or even appears to have been denied. A great
number of matters in the domestic and juvenile division of the common pleas court are
litigated pro se. A vast proportion of hearings in the domestic and juvenile division are
presided over by magistrates subject to orders of reference pursuant to Civ.R. 53.
{¶ 25} It is more than conceivable that an unrepresented litigant could view the
simultaneous adoption of a magistrate's decision by the trial court, or one adopted so
quickly before the 14-day objection period expires, to have cut off that right of objection no
matter how bold the language is in the magistrate's decision about the filing of objections
to it. I raise this matter as a caution of great concern, especially when matters involving the
permanent custody of children—matters of constitutional import—are involved.
{¶ 26} Because I would find that the trial court, and we, respectively did and do have
jurisdiction, I would proceed to find no error in the domestic and juvenile court's
conclusions that D.D. and D.F. were dependent children and that D.D. and D.F. should be
committed (permanently and temporarily, respectively) to the custody of FCCS pursuant to
the terms of R.C. Chapter 2151.
{¶ 27} Thus, I would affirm the decisions of the domestic and juvenile court.
Because the majority holds otherwise on the jurisdictional question, I will not belabor this
dissenting opinion with the required, specific findings needed under R.C. Chapter 2151. For
all intents and purposes, I would end up at the same practical place the majority has in
having denied jurisdiction—but the mother of the children, her counsel, the public, and,
eventually, D.D. and D.F. would have the benefit of appellate review of the specific issues
involved and a better understanding of why the children are being raised by someone other
than their birth mother.
{¶ 28} Also important, litigants in the PCC context of domestic and juvenile
jurisprudence would have the benefit of knowing that courts in Franklin County operate
trial judge reviewed the magistrate's decisions before it was filed, I would not move to a consideration of plain
error.
Nos. 18AP-811 and 18AP-813 9
fully within the mandates of Civ.R. 53. These litigants and the public would be assured that
a trial court judge with full discretionary powers as is constitutionally and legally provided,
and not a magistrate who is an appointed employee of the court, would remain firmly in
control of their litigation. These litigants and the public would be further assured that their
rights to be heard are not subsumed by procedures of convenience such as occurred here
with the simultaneous filing of the magistrate's and the judge's decisions adopting them,
which can only be described as, at best, complying with the letter of the rules of civil
procedure and constitutional rights of due process but certainly not with their spirit.