State v. Minifee , 2019 Ohio 4464 ( 2019 )

[Cite as State v. Minifee, 2019-Ohio-4464.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
STATE OF OHIO, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
No. 108331
v. :
PATRICK A. MINIFEE, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: October 31, 2019
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-12-562160-C
Appearances:
Michael C. O’Malley, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting
Attorney, and Gregory J. Ochocki, Assistant Prosecuting
Attorney, for appellee.
Patrick A. Minifee, pro se.
MICHELLE J. SHEEHAN, J.:
Defendant-appellant, Patrick A. Minifee,1 pro se, appeals the trial
court’s judgment denying his “Motion to Vacate Void Plea.” As an initial matter, we
1 Appellant’s name is spelled both as “Minifee” and “Minefee” in the record.
note that this appeal is before the court on the accelerated docket pursuant to App.R.
11.1 and Loc.App.R. 11.1. The purpose of an accelerated appeal is to allow this court
to render a brief and conclusory opinion. See, e.g., State v. Johnson, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 98594, 2013-Ohio-1788, ¶ 1.
Substantive History and Procedural Background
On April 26, 2012, off-duty Cleveland Police Officer Dwayne Borders
exited his car at a private residence in Cleveland. Appellant, brandishing a pistol,
approached the officer and attempted to rob him. The two exchanged shots. Officer
Borders was shot in the back, and appellant was shot in the chest.
Subsequently, appellant pleaded guilty to kidnapping, attempted
murder, two counts of felonious assault, two counts of aggravated robbery,
discharge of a firearm on or near prohibited premises, carrying concealed weapons,
improperly handling firearms in a motor vehicle, and tampering with evidence.
Under a plea agreement, the state recommended a prison sentence of
19½ years and appellant pleaded guilty to the charges. At the sentencing hearing,
before the trial court imposed his sentence, appellant moved orally to withdraw his
guilty plea. He alleged he was coerced into taking the plea deal by his attorney, his
attorney only spent two weeks on his case and did not have sufficient time to prepare
for trial, and he felt pressured by his attorney to enter the guilty plea. Appellant also
requested that the trial court appoint new counsel. After considering his arguments,
the trial court denied his motion to withdraw his plea and request for new counsel.
The trial court sentenced appellant to the agreed prison term of 19½ years.
In his direct appeal, State v. Minifee, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99202,
2013-Ohio-3146, appellant claimed that his plea was not knowing, voluntary, or
intelligent and the trial court should have allowed him to withdraw his plea. He
argued specifically that the trial court failed to make a sufficient inquiry into whether
he understood the nature of the attempted murder and kidnapping charges. Upon
a review of the plea hearing transcript, this court determined that appellant
understood the nature of the charges against him. Finding no merit to his claims,
this court affirmed his convictions.
Appellant then filed an application to reopen his appeal pursuant to
App.R. 26(B). He argued that his appellate counsel was ineffective for not arguing
that the aggravated robbery charges should have merged with the felonious assault
charges as allied offenses. This court found no merit to his claim and denied his
application for reopening. State v. Minifee, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99202,
2014-Ohio-694.
In 2017, appellant filed a petition for postconviction relief, arguing
that attempted felony murder is not a cognizable crime in Ohio and therefore his
sentence was void on that count. The trial court summarily denied his petition for
postconviction relief. This court affirmed the trial court’s judgment, explaining that
while attempted felony murder is not a cognizable crime in the state, appellant was
convicted of attempted murder, not attempted felony murder. State v. Minefee, 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 106139, 2018-Ohio-1408. In this appeal, appellant also argued
(1) he lacked the requisite mens rea to commit attempted murder, and (2) mitigating
circumstances existed because the victim, an off-duty police officer, did not give a
warning before shooting at him. This court found these arguments to have been
waived because he did not raise these issues with the trial court in his petition, and
also found the arguments to be barred by res judicata because these claims could
have been raised in his direct appeal. Id. at ¶ 10.
Instant Appeal
On October 25, 2018, appellant filed a “motion to vacate void plea,”
alleging that the trial court proceeded to disposition without first holding a
competency hearing. The state opposed the motion on the grounds that the claim
was barred by res judicata and that appellant waived the competency issue by
pleading guilty. The trial court denied appellant’s motion. This appeal followed. He
assigns the following error for our review:
The trial court erred and rendered appellant’s plea void when it
proceeded to disposition without holding a competency hearing as
required by statute in violation of state and federal constitution.
The argument regarding the competency hearing is barred by res
judicata because it could have been raised in his direct appeal. See State v. Saxon,
109 Ohio St.3d 176, 2006-Ohio-1245, 826 N.E.2d 824, ¶ 16-17. Even if we were to
consider it, this claims lacks merit.
We recognize that the conviction of a defendant who is not competent
to enter a plea violates due process of law. See State v. Skatzes, 104 Ohio St.3d 195,
2004-Ohio-6391, 819 N.E.2d 215, ¶ 155. In this connection, R.C. 2945.37 provides
that if a defendant raises the issue of competence before trial, the trial court must
conduct a hearing to determine whether the defendant is competent.2 Furthermore,
the court must hold such a hearing within 30 days after the issue is raised, unless
the defendant has been referred for evaluation, in which case the court shall conduct
the hearing within ten days after the filing of the report of the evaluation. R.C.
2945.37(C).
Here, the record reflects that, before the plea hearing, the trial court
received the psychiatric reports from the Court Psychiatric Clinic on August 7, 2012.
The reports determined appellant was sane at the time of his criminal offense and
also found him to be competent to stand trial. The record reflects a pretrial hearing
regarding these reports within ten days on August 17, 2012. At that hearing,
appellant did not raise any issues regarding the reports’ findings. Three days later,
the court held another pretrial hearing, and at this hearing, appellant’s counsel
2 R.C. 2945.37 states, in pertinent part:
(B) In a criminal action in a court of common pleas, a county court, or a
municipal court, the court, prosecutor, or defense may raise the issue of the
defendant’s competence to stand trial. If the issue is raised before the trial
has commenced, the court shall hold a hearing on the issue as provided in
this section. If the issue is raised after the trial has commenced, the court shall
hold a hearing on the issue only for good cause shown or on the court’s own
motion.
***
(G) A defendant is presumed to be competent to stand trial. If, after a hearing,
the court finds by a preponderance of the evidence that, because of the
defendant’s present mental condition, the defendant is incapable of
understanding the nature and objective of the proceedings against the
defendant or of assisting in the defendant’s defense, the court shall find the
defendant incompetent to stand trial and shall enter an order authorized by
section 2945.38 of the Revised Code.
stated appellant objected to the reports. Counsel indicated he intended to pursue an
independent psychiatric evaluation for appellant. The court continued the hearing
for August 22, 2012. However, the record does not reflect any further proceedings
on this issue. The docket next reflects that on September 18, 2018, the trial court
held another pretrial hearing in which appellant’s counsel reported to the court that
he had discussed the plea deal offered by the state with appellant, and counsel briefly
referred to the finding of the psychiatric evaluation that appellant was competent to
stand trial.
The standard for determining competence to enter a guilty plea is the
same as the standard for determining competence to stand trial. State v. Mink, 101
Ohio St.3d 350, 2004-Ohio-1580, 805 N.E.2d 1064, ¶ 57. When evaluating a
defendant’s competency, the trial court is to determine whether the defendant “‘has
sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of
rational understanding and whether he has a rational as well as factual
understanding of the proceedings against him. (Internal quotations omitted.)’” Id.
at ¶ 57, quoting Dusky v. United States, 362 U.S. 402, 80 S.Ct. 788, 4 L.Ed.2d 824(1960). “A defendant is presumed to be competent to stand trial, and the burden is
on the defendant to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that he is not
competent.” State v. Were, 118 Ohio St.3d 448, 2008-Ohio-2762, 890 N.E.2d 263,
¶ 45, citing R.C. 2945.37(G) and State v. Jordan, 101 Ohio St.3d 216,
2004-Ohio-783, 804 N.E.2d 1, ¶ 28. See also State v. Pigge, 4th Dist. Ross No.
09CA3136, 2010-Ohio-6541, ¶ 28 (a defendant is presumed competent to enter a
guilty plea in the absence of any evidence rebutting the presumption).
Here, the transcript reflects that at the September 18, 2012 pretrial
hearing, appellant asked the trial court for additional time to consider the state’s
plea offer and he also tried to negotiate the recommended sentence under the plea
agreement from 19½ years to 15 years. During the plea hearing, he actively engaged
in the plea colloquy, asking the court if the attempted murder count could be omitted
under the plea deal so that he could be eligible for certain prison programs.
Therefore, the record demonstrates appellant understood the
proceedings against him, and appellant has presented no evidence to rebut the
presumption of his competence. Indeed, the psychiatric evaluation had determined
that appellant was competent to stand trial. Although he initially objected to the
reports and expressed a desire to seek an independent evaluation, he never
submitted such a report. As this court noted in State v. Smith, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga
No. 95505, 2011-Ohio-2400, ¶ 5, the competency issue is one that can be waived by
the parties and a hearing is not required in all situations, only those where the
competency issue is raised and maintained.
The right to a competency hearing is constitutionally guaranteed only
when the record contains sufficient indicia of incompetence. State v. Berry, 72 Ohio
St.3d 354, 359, 650 N.E.2d 433 (1995). There was no indication of incompetence in
the record before us. Appellant’s assignment of error is without merit even if it is
not barred by res judicata.
Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover of appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the
common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. Case remanded to the
trial court for execution of sentence.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to
Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
_____________________________
MICHELLE J. SHEEHAN, JUDGE
SEAN C. GALLAGHER, P.J., and
RAYMOND C. HEADEN, J., CONCUR