State v. Batty , 2014 Ohio 2826 ( 2014 )

[Cite as State v. Batty, 2014-Ohio-2826.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
ROSS COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO, :
:
Plaintiff-Appellee, : Case No. 13CA3398
:
vs. :
: DECISION AND JUDGMENT
AMANDA M. BATTY, : ENTRY
:
Defendant-Appellant. : Released: 06/18/14
_____________________________________________________________
APPEARANCES:
Timothy Young, Ohio State Public Defender, and Carrie Wood, Assistant
State Public Defender, Columbus, Ohio, for Appellant.
Matthew S. Schmidt, Ross County Prosecuting Attorney, and Jeffrey C.
Marks, Ross County Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, Chillicothe, Ohio, for
Appellee.
_____________________________________________________________
McFarland, J.
{¶1} Amanda Batty (Appellant) appeals her conviction in the Ross
County Court of Common Pleas after she pled guilty to five counts of
complicity to theft, violations of R.C. 2923.03, each count a felony of the
fifth degree. On appeal, Appellant contends: (1) the trial judge was not
qualified to preside over the trial court proceedings because he had been a
prosecutor in the case; and (2) the trial court committed plain error when it
imposed a prison sentence for a community control violation without being
Ross App. No. 13CA3398 2
authorized to do so by the most recent Crim.R. 32(C) judgment entry. Upon
review, we find we have no jurisdiction to address the merits of Appellant’s
argument regarding recusal. We also find Appellant’s prison sentence is not
clearly and convincingly contrary to law. Accordingly, we overrule both
assignments of error and affirm the judgment of the trial court.
FACTS
{¶2} In July 2009, Appellant was indicted on five counts of
complicity to theft, R.C. 2923.03. The indictment is set forth on letterhead
of the Ross County Prosecutor’s Office. At the time of her indictment, the
Ross County Prosecuting Attorney was Michael M. Ater. The indictment
also bears Prosecutor’s Ater’s signature. On July 10, 2009, Prosecutor Ater
requested a warrant on the indictment. Appellant was arraigned on the
charges on July 13, 2009. The presiding judge was Judge William J.
Corzine, III. The State of Ohio was represented by Assistant Prosecuting
Attorney Richard Clagg. Pretrial discovery and other proceedings ensued.
Three praecipes filed in the case bear Prosecutor Ater’s signature and are set
forth on the prosecutor’s office letterhead.
{¶3} On January 13, 2010, Appellant pled guilty to each offense
contained in the indictment. The State of Ohio was again represented by
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney Clagg. On February 23, 2010, Appellant
Ross App. No. 13CA3398 3
was placed on community control for a period of two years. At the
sentencing hearing, the trial judge stated: “If you violate any of these
community control sanctions you will be subject to more restrictive sanction,
a longer duration under supervision, or you could do twelve (12) months in
prison on each charge.” The subsequent judgment entry of sentence dated
March 21, 2010 notified Appellant that if the conditions of community
control were violated, the Court could impose a longer time under the same
sanctions, more restrictive sanctions, or “a specific prison term of twelve
(12) months.”
{¶4} In February 2011, Prosecutor Ater became a common pleas
judge in Ross County and Appellant’s case was assigned to his docket. No
one objected to the assignment and Judge Ater did not recuse himself.
{¶5} On January 9, 2012, Appellant was brought before the court to
face allegations she had violated her community control. Judge Ater set
bond for Appellant at the preliminary violation hearing and established a
final hearing date of February 6, 2012. At the final violation hearing,
Appellant admitted to the violations. Judge Ater addressed Appellant as
follows:
“Commit one more theft, one more theft while you are out,
you’re going to prison. And it’s not just one year, I’ve got two
years hanging on you for prison. That’s twelve months on
each…I’ll run them consecutive. One more theft, you go it?”
Ross App. No. 13CA3398 4
{¶6} The judgment entry filed subsequent to the violation hearing,
dated February 14, 2012, does not indicate Appellant faced the possibility of
a prison sentence if she violated the terms of her community control.
{¶7} Appellant was again brought before Judge Ater on July 25, 2013,
for a second preliminary hearing alleging violations of her community
control. Appellant immediately admitted to the violations and was
sentenced. Judge Ater addressed Appellant as follows:
“You know, the Court has gone out of its way to help you.
We’ve sent you to CBCF. We’ve helped you with counseling.
We’ve done everything possibly that we can. You’re a drug
addict. You’re a danger to yourself, but more importantly,
you’re a danger to society. You’re just a person that’s bad.
There’s nothing about you that’s going to help society out.
What needs to happen is you need to be locked away, not to
help yourself, it has nothing to do with you, but to protect
people from you. Therefore, I will impose consecutive
sentences in this case. I will impose on Count One the twelve
months sentence. On Count Two, I will impose a twelve
months sentence, both of those to be run consecutive to each
other. Counts Three, Four, and Five will be a one-year
sentence as well. They will all run concurrent to the previous
two sentences, so you’ve got about a year and a month hanging
over your head.
{¶8} The Court imposed the twelve-month prison sentences on each
of the five counts. He first indicated counts one and two were consecutive to
each other and counts three, four and five were concurrent to the two year
sentence. Judge Ater subsequently changed the sentence to running counts
Ross App. No. 13CA3398 5
one, two, and three all consecutive to each other, without only counts four
and five running concurrently to the three year sentence.
{¶9} On August 5, 2013, Appellant filed a notice of appeal. On
August 21, 2013, Judge Ater issued a corrected Criminal Rule 36 judgment
entry which provides “the Court * * * may impose a specific prison term of
twelve (12) months on each count” for a community control violation.”
{¶10} On August 30, 2013, appellant filed a motion for bond pending
resolution of her appeal in the trial court. Judge Ater denied the motion. On
September 13, 2012, Appellant filed a motion for bond in this Court which
was denied. Appellant filed an amended motion for bond on September 27,
2013. On October 9, 2013, Appellant filed a notice of additional facts after
discovery Judge Ater had acted as prosecutor in her case. On October 29,
2013, this court denied Appellant’s motion for bond.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I
I. JUDGE ATER WAS NOT QUALIFIED TO PRESIDE
OVER THE TRIAL COURT PROCEEDINGS BECAUSE HE
WAS A PROSECUTOR IN THE CASE. THEREFORE, MS.
BATTY’S SENTENCE SHOULD BE VACATED. JUD.
COND.R. 2.11(A)(7)(a); FIFTH AND FOURTEENTH
AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED STATES
CONSTITUTION; SECTIONS 10 AND 16, ARTICLE I OF
THE OHIO CONSTITUTION. (JAN. 9, 2012 PRELIMINARY
HEARING; FEB.6, 2012 HEARING; JULY 31, 2013
HEARING; FEBRUARY 14, 2012 JUDGMENT ENTRY;
JULY 31, 2013 JUDGMENT ENTRY; AUG. 21, 2013
CORRECTED CRIMINAL RULE 36 JUDGMENT ENTRY.)
Ross App. No. 13CA3398 6
A. STANDARD OF REVIEW
{¶11} “[A] court of appeals lacks jurisdiction to review [recusal]
decisions.” Citizen of Hocking County v. Ohio Power Co., 4th Dist. Hocking
No. 11CA24, 2012-Ohio-4985, ¶18, quoting State ex rel. Hough v. Saffold,
131 Ohio St.3d 54, 2012-Ohio-28, 960 N.E.2d 451, ¶2. The Supreme Court
of Ohio has explained that “only the Chief Justice or [the Chief Justice’s]
designee may hear disqualification matters[.]” Ohio Power, supra, quoting
Beer v. Griffith, 54 Ohio St.2d 440, 441, 377 N.E.2d 775 (1978).
Consequently, a “Court of Appeals [is]without authority to pass upon
disqualification or to void the judgment of the trial court upon that basis.
Ohio Power, supra, quoting Beer, supra, at 441-442.
B. LEGAL ANALYSIS
{¶12} Under Appellant’s first assignment of error, she contends that
Judge Ater was not qualified to preside over the trial court proceedings
because he had been a prosecutor in the case. Appellant contends Judge
Ater was required to disqualify himself. However, neither Appellant nor her
counsel raised any issue or any alleged impropriety with regard to Judge
Ater’s presiding over her case. Nor was any affidavit of bias filed in the
matter. “A judge is presumed to follow the law and not to be biased, and the
appearance of bias or prejudice must be compelling to overcome these
Ross App. No. 13CA3398 7
presumptions. In re Disqualification of Batchelor, 136 Ohio St.3d 1211,
2013-Ohio-2626, 991 N.E.2d 242, ¶9, citing In re Disqualification of
George, 100 Ohio St.3d 1241, 2003-Ohio-5489, 798 N.E.2d 23, ¶5.
{¶13} Appellant cites Jud.R. Cond.R.2.11(A)(7)(a) which
states:
“(A) A judge shall disqualify himself or herself in any
proceeding in which the judge’s impartiality might reasonably
be questioned, including but not limited to the following
circumstances:
(7) The judge meets any of the following criteria:
(a) The judge served as a lawyer in the matter in controversy or
was associated with a lawyer who participated substantially as a
lawyer in the matter during such association….”
{¶14} Appellant contends the record establishes that Judge Ater
actively participated in her prosecution by signing the indictment, signing
the request warrant, and signing three subsequent praecipes when he was the
county prosecutor. Appellant further points to three instances of impartiality
at or subsequent to the July 2013 violations hearing: (1) when the Judge
changed her two-year sentence to a three-year sentence without explanation;
(2) when he launched a “personal attack” on her before imposing sentence;
and (3) when he summarily denied her motion for bond pending resolution
of the appeal. Appellant concludes that her sentence must be vacated and
the case remanded for a new sentencing hearing before a new judge.
Ross App. No. 13CA3398 8
{¶15} Due process affords appellant the right to a fair trial before an
impartial tribunal. State v. Sauer 4th Dist. Pickaway No. 96CA14, 1997 WL
457470, at *1, citing In re Murchinson, 349 U.S. 133, 75 S.Ct. 623 (1955).
In Sauer, the appellant argued he was denied his right to an impartial judge
because the trial judge did not impartially consider appellant’s mitigation
evidence presented at a probation revocation hearing. Sauer had pled guilty
to multiple felony counts in 1991. At the time of appellant’s convictions, P.
Randall Knece was serving as a prosecuting attorney. By the time of
appellant’s probation revocation hearing in 1995, Prosecutor Knece had
been elected to the common pleas court bench and presided over appellant’s
case. Appellant argued Judge Knece was not “neutral and detached” because
of his prior service as county prosecutor.
{¶16} In Sauer, we noted that appellant failed to raise any
due process concerns or object to any comments made by the trial judge
during the revocation hearing . As a result, Sauer effectively waived the
right to challenge the judge’s alleged impartiality. Sauer, supra at *2, citing
State v. Henderson, 62 Ohio App.3d 848, 853, 577 N.E.2d 710 (1st
Dist.1989). See, also, Dressler Coal Co. v. Div. of Reclamation, Ohio Dept.
of Natural Resources, 5th Dist. Muskingum No. CA-85-35, 1986 WL 4773(April 18, 1986). We reviewed Sauer’s arguments under a plain error
Ross App. No. 13CA3398 9
standard of review pursuant to Crim.R. 52(B) and found that no plain error
occurred.
{¶17} More recently, in Citizen of Hocking County v. Ohio Power
Co., supra, at ¶19, this court explained that “R.C. 2701.03 sets forth the
procedure by which a party may seek disqualification. The statute requires
the party seeking disqualification to file an affidavit of prejudice with the
Ohio Supreme Court. This court, therefore, has no jurisdiction to pass upon
this issue[.]” State v. Ramos, 88 Ohio App.3d 394, 398, 623 N.E.2d 1336(9th Dist. 1993); see also, Goddard v. Children’s Hosp. Med. Ctr., 141 Ohio
App.3d 647, 473, 751 N.E.2d 1062 (1st Dist. 2000).1
{¶18} In Citizen of Hocking County v. Ohio Power Co., supra,Melanie Ogle appealed the judgment of the Hocking County Court of
Common Pleas which denied her motion to vacate judgment and demand for
recusal. Ogle and Ohio Power Company had engaged in various legal
disputes which arose when Ohio Power sought to construct a
telecommunications tower near Ogle’s property.2 One of Ogle’s arguments
in the above-referenced appeal was that after the trial court judge, Judge
Thomas Gerken, imposed sanctions against her, Attorney Charles Gerken,
1
(“[T]he Goddards urge us to review the trial court’s refusal to recuse itself from the case. We have no
jurisdiction to do so. Only the Chief Justice of the Ohio Supreme Court, or any judge of that court
designated by the Chief Justice, has jurisdiction to determine a common pleas disqualification.”).
2
The litigation between Ogle and Ohio Power has extended over several years and both parties have filed
various appeals.
Ross App. No. 13CA3398 10
the trial judge’s brother filed documents in the case on behalf of Ohio
Power. Ogle contended the involvement of the trial judge’s brother
demonstrated that the trial judge had a conflict of interest. In the above-
referenced case, Ogle had filed a demand for recusal with the trial court.
{¶19} In the case before us, we note Appellant did not raise any
objection at her pretrial hearing, during plea negotiations, nor at her
sentencing. However, the real deficiency is that she did not seek recusal via
the proper avenue, by filing an affidavit of prejudice with the Supreme Court
of Ohio. As in the Citizen of Hocking County v. Ohio Power Co., case, we
are without jurisdiction to address her argument that the trial judge erred by
failing to recuse himself. As such, Appellant’s first assignment of error is
dismissed.
II. THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED PLAIN ERROR
WHEN IT IMPOSED A PRISON SENTENCE FOR A
COMMUNITY CONTROL VIOLATION WITHOUT BEING
AUTHORIZED TO DO SO BY THE FEBRUARY 2012
JUDGMENT ENTRY. THEREFORE, MS. BATTY’S
PRISON SENTENCE SHOULD BE VACATED. FIFTH
AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED
STATES CONSTITUTION; SECTIONS 10 AND 16;
ARTICLE I OF THE OHIO CONSTITUTION. (FEB. 6, 2012
TR.3; FEB.14, 2012 JUDGMENT ENTRY; JULY 31, 2013
JUDGMENT ENTRY.
A. STANDARD OF REVIEW
Ross App. No. 13CA3398 11
{¶20} In the past, this court has reviewed felony sentences under the
two-step process set forth in State v. Kalish, 120 Ohio St.3d 23, 2008-Ohio-
4912, 896 N.E.2d 124, ¶4; see, also, State v. McClintock, 4th Dist. Meigs
No. 13CA4, 2013-Ohio-5598,¶4; State v. Evans, 4th Dist. Washington No.
11CA16, 2012-Ohio-850, ¶5; State v. Moman, 4th Dist. Adams No.
08CA876, 2009-Ohio-2510, ¶6. Pursuant to Kalish, an appellate court first
determines whether the trial court complied with all applicable rules and
statutes. Kalish, supra, at ¶4. If it did, the appellate court then reviews the
sentence under the abuse of discretion standard. Id; State v. Roach, 4th Dist.
Lawrence No. 11CA12, 2012-Ohio-1295, ¶4.
{21} However, a growing number of appellate districts have
abandoned Kalish’s second-step “’abuse of discretion” standard of review.
State v. Brewer, 4th Dist. Meigs No. 14CA1, _______________, ¶33.3
3
Former R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) authorized a court of appeals to take any action if it clearly and convincingly
found either of the following: (a) That the record did not support the sentencing court’s findings under
division (B) or (D) of section 2929.13, division (E)(4) of section 2929.14, or division (H) of section
2929.20 of the Revised Code, whichever, if any, was relevant; and (b) That the sentence was otherwise
contrary to law.” Kalish, 896 N.E.2d 124, ¶ 10; 2004 Am. Sub. H.B. No. 473, 150 Ohio Laws, Part IV,
5814. In State v. Foster, 109 Ohio St.3d 1, 2006-Ohio-856, 845 N.E.2d 470, ¶99, the Supreme Court of
Ohio declared certain provisions of the felony sentencing statutes unconstitutional. Brewer, supra, at ¶ 27.
The Supreme Court held that insofar as former R.C. 2953.08(G) referred to the unconstitutional provisions,
it no longer applied. Id.; Foster, supra at ¶99. Following Foster, appellate districts applied different
standards of review in felony sentencing cases. Brewer, supra, at ¶ 28. In Kalish, the Supreme Court of
Ohio attempted to resolve the conflicting standards, and a three-judge plurality held that based on the
court’s previous opinion in Foster, “appellate courts must apply a two-step approach when reviewing
felony sentences.” Brewer, supra, at ¶28, quoting Kalish, at ¶26. However, following Kalish, the United
States Supreme Court decided Oregon v. Ice, 555 U.S. 160, 164, 129 S. Ct. 711 (2009), in which it held,
contrary to Foster, that it is constitutionally permissible for states to require judges rather than juries to
make findings of fact before imposing consecutive sentences. Then in State v. Hodge, 128 Ohio St. 3d 1,
2010-Ohio-6320, 941 N.E.2d 768, paragraphs two and three of the syllabus, the Supreme Court of Ohio
then held that the sentencing provisions it ruled unconstitutional in Foster remained invalid following Ice
Ross App. No. 13CA3398 12
When the General Assembly reenacted R.C. 2953.08(G)(2), it expressly
stated that “[t]he appellate court’s standard of review is not whether the
sentencing court abused its discretion.” Id. See generally State v. White, 1st
Dist. Hamilton No. C-130114, 2013-Ohio-4225, ¶9 (“we cannot justify
applying an abuse of discretion standard where the legislature has explicitly
told us that the standard of review is not an abuse of discretion. Thus,
henceforth, we will apply the statutory standard rather than the Kalish
plurality framework to our review of felony sentences”).4 Pursuant to R.C.
2953.08(G)(2), an appellate court may increase, reduce, modify, or vacate
and remand a challenged felony sentence if the court clearly and
convincingly finds either that “the record does not support the sentencing
court’s findings” under the specified statutory provisions, or “the sentence is
otherwise contrary to law.” Brewer, supra, at ¶37.
unless the General Assembly enacted new legislation requiring the judicial findings. Thereafter, the
General Assembly enacted 2011 Am.Sub. H.B. No. 86 (“H.B. 86”), which revised some of the judicial fact-
finding requirements for sentences and reenacted the felony sentencing standard of review in R.C.
2953.08(G). Brewer, supra, at¶30.
4
See, also, State v. Scates, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2013-CA-36, 2014-Ohio-418, ¶11 (“Kalish’s two-step
approach no longer applies to appellate review of felony sentences”); State v. Tammerine, 6th Dist. Lucas
No. L-13-1081, 2014-Ohio-425, ¶10 (“Given recent legislative action in Ohio, culminating in the passage
of a new statute directly addressing appellate court felony sentence review and a growing body of recent
appellate cases applying the new statutory parameters, we are no longer utilizing the former Kalish
approach”); State v. Venes, 2013-Ohio-1891, 992 N.E.2d453 (8th Dist.), ¶10 (“With the basis for the
decision in Kalish no longer valid and given that Kalish had questionable precedential value in any event,
we see no viable reasoning for continuing to apply the standard of review used in that case”)’ State v.
Ayers, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 13AP-371, 2014-Ohio-276, ¶8, quoting State v. Allen, 10th Dist. Franklin
No. 10AP-487, 2011-Ohio-1757, ¶21 (“ ‘since Kalish, this court has * * *only applied the contrary-to-law
standard of review’”); State v. Waggoner, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2013-27-027, 2013-Ohio-5204, ¶6,
quoting State v. Crawford, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2012-12-088, 2013-Ohio-3315, ¶6 (“we recently
stated that ‘rather than continue to apply the two-step approach as provided by Kalish’ in reviewing felony
sentencing, ‘the standard of review set forth in R.C. 2953.08 (G)(2) shall govern all felony sentences.’”).
Ross App. No. 13CA3398 13
B. LEGAL ANALYSIS
{¶22} Appellant has not specifically brought her appeal under the
provisions of R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). Appellant argues only that the trial court
could not impose a prison sentence on her because the oral advisement did
not adequately specify the term of incarceration that she faced. We therefore
begin our analysis by determining, pursuant to R.C. 2953.08(G)(2), if we
can find that her sentence is clearly and convincingly contrary to law. When
a sentence fails to include a mandatory provision, such as the notification
provision under R.C. 2929.19(B)(4), it may be appealed because such a
sentence is “contrary to law” and is also not “authorized by law. State v.
Underwood, 124 Ohio St.3d 365, 922 N.E.2d 293, ¶21.
{23} Under Ohio law, the trial court has three options for punishing
offenders who violate community control sanctions. McClintock, supra, at
¶5. The court may: (1) lengthen the term of the community control sanction;
(2) impose a more restrictive community control sanction; or (3) impose a
prison term on the offender. Id; State v. Guilkey, 4th Dist. Scioto No.
04CA2932, 2005-Ohio-3501, ¶5; R.C. 2929.15(B)(1)(a)-(c). If the court
elects to impose a prison sentence upon a violator of community control
sanctions, it “shall be within the range of prison terms available for the
offense for which the sanction that was violated was imposed and shall not
Ross App. No. 13CA3398 14
exceed the prison term specified in the notice provided to the offender at the
sentencing hearing pursuant to division (B)(2) of section 2929.10 of the
Revised Code.” R.C. 2929.15(B)(2).
{¶24} Currently, R.C. 2929.19(B)(4) provides:
“If the sentencing court determines at the sentencing hearing
that a community control sanction should be imposed and the
court is not prohibited from imposing a community control
sanction, the court shall impose a community control sanction.
The court shall notify the offender that, if the conditions of the
sanction are violated, * * * the court may impose a longer time
under the same sanction, may impose a more restrictive
sanction, or may impose a prison term on the offender and shall
indicate the specific prison term that may be imposed as a
sanction for the violation, as selected by the court from the
range of prison terms for the offense pursuant to section
2929.14 of the Revised Code.”
{¶25} In McClintock, we discussed the decision of the Supreme Court
of Ohio in State v. Brooks, 103 Ohio St.3d 134, 2004-Ohio-4746, 814
N.E.2d 837. There, the Court addressed the statutory notice requirements
under R.C. 2929.19(B)(5) and R.C. 2929.15. The Brooks court examined
the elements of full compliance under R.C. 2929.19(B)(5). Brooks, supra, at
¶12. The first element examined was “time of notification” and the second
was “the exact language used in the notification.” Id. at 13. Construing the
above statutes, the Brooks court ultimately held that “a trial court sentencing
an offender to a community control sanction must, at the time of the
sentencing, notify the offender of the specific prison term that may be
Ross App. No. 13CA3398 15
imposed for a violation of the conditions of the sanction, as a prerequisite to
imposing a prison term on the offender for a subsequent violation.”
McClintock, supra, at ¶8; Brooks, at paragraph two of the syllabus. The
Brooks court reiterated the dominant purpose of current sentencing
procedures is truth in sentencing, which aims to eliminate indefinite
sentences in favor of specific terms, to increase certainty and predictability
in sentencing. Brooks, supra, at 25; see, also, Woods v. Telb, 89 Ohio St.3d
504, 508, 733 N.E.2d 1103 (2000).5
{¶26} Appellant contends the trial court failed to notify her that she
faced the possibility of a three-year sentence, and only notified her that she
faced a twelve-month sentence. At Appellant’s hearing on community
control violations on February 6, 2012, the trial court advised: “Commit one
more theft, one more theft while you are out, you’re going to prison. And
it’s not just one year, I’ve got two years hanging on you for prison. That’s
twelve months on each…I’ll run them consecutive. One more theft, you got
it?” Appellant argues the court’s advisement at the February 2012 violations
hearing was insufficient as truth in sentencing required exact, precise
notification that fully informed her she faced the three-year prison sentence
she was given in July 2013.
5
After Brooks was released, R.C. 2929.19 was amended without any relevant substantive changes, and
R.C. 2929.19(B)(5) was moved to R.C. 2929.19(B0(4). McClintock, supra, at ¶7; State v. Marshall, 6th
Dist. Erie No. E-12-022, 2013-Ohio-1481, ¶9.
Ross App. No. 13CA3398 16
{¶27} Appellee however, points out at the time of Appellant’s original
sentence, she was informed of the possible prison sanction she could face if
she violated the terms and conditions of her community control.
Specifically, at Appellant’s original sentencing hearing on February 23,
2010, the trial court informed her if she violated any of the community
control sanctions, she would be subject to a “more restrictive sanction, a
longer duration under supervision or you could do twelve (12) months in
prison on each charge.” Appellee argues this language satisfies the notice
requirements set forth by law, and is consistent with Brooks. Appellant was
told specifically that she was subject to a twelve (12) month term of
imprison on each count of which she was found guilty.6
{¶28} Both parties have directed our attention to State v. Fraley, 105
Ohio St.3d 13, 2004-Ohio-7110, 821 N.E.2d 995, wherein the Supreme
Court of Ohio addressed the requirements of the sentencing court when there
is a subsequent sentencing for a community control violation between the
original sentencing and the eventual imposition of the prison sanction. In
Fraley, the Court determined that when the offender is sentenced following
a finding that he or she violated the terms and conditions of community
6
The subsequent judgment entry of sentence filed March 21, 2010 advised Appellant that if the conditions
of the community control were violated, the Court “may impose a specific prison term of twelve (12)
months.” Thus, the entry was deficient in that it did not state, as did the trial court at the original
sentencing hearing, that Appellant was subject to a twelve (12) month term of imprisonment “as to each
charge.”
Ross App. No. 13CA3398 17
control, this is a new sentence which requires the same compliance as the
original sentencing. The Fraley court held:
“We therefore hold that pursuant to R.C. 2929.19(B)(5) and
2929.15(B), a trial court sentencing an offender upon a
violation of the offender’s community control sanction must, at
the time of such sentencing, notify the offender of the specific
prison terms that may be imposed for an additional violation of
the conditions the sanction, as a prerequisite to imposing a
prison term on the offender for such a subsequent violation.”
The holding in Fraley arguably requires an offender to be notified at
each violations hearing.
{¶29} We find the case at bar to contain some significant procedural
similarities to those in State v. Oulhint, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99296,
2013-Ohio-3250. There, Oulhint was indicted for one count of grand theft.
In September 2011, he pleaded guilty. The matter was continued for
presentence investigation. In October 2011, Oulhint was sentenced to 18
months of community control with conditions. The trial court advised
Oulhint if he violated the terms of his community control sanctions, he was
looking at the imposition of a prison term up to eighteen months.
{¶30} Oulhint violated his community control in January 2012.
However, the trial court decided to continue it with the same conditions.
Oulhint again violated the terms of community control and in November
2012, a hearing was conducted. Oulhint was sentenced to eight months in
prison.
Ross App. No. 13CA3398 18
{¶31} On appeal, Oulhint argued the trial court erred by imposing a
prison sentence for his violation of community control because the court
failed to notify him at the first violation hearing or in the journal entry that
he could be sentenced to a prison term if he continued to violate. The
appellate court noted Oulhint was properly advised at his original sentencing
hearing, however, the entry from the first community control violation
hearing did not appear to advise Oulhint that a prison term would be
imposed if he continued to violate. The appellate court found as follows:
“[A]t Oulhint’s original sentencing hearing and in the original
sentencing entry, the trial court advised Oulhint that he could be
sentenced to 18 months in jail if he violated the conditions of
his community control. Therefore, Oulhint was well aware that
he could be sentenced up to 18 months in prison if he violated
the conditions of his community control.”
{¶32} The Eighth District Appellate Court noted that the cases on
which Oulhint relied, as does Appellant here, State v. Goforth, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 90653, 2008-Ohio 5596, and State v. Fraley, supra, were
distinguishable. The appellate court noted in both cases the trial court failed
to advise the defendant at the original sentencing hearing regarding the
specific prison term the court could impose. However, in those cases, the
courts held that no error occurred because the court advised the defendants
at subsequent violation hearings the terms that could be imposed. The
Ross App. No. 13CA3398 19
Eighth District Court, citing its decision in State v. Hodge, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 93245, 2010-Ohio-78, instructed:
“We construe the holding of the Supreme Court in Fraley
narrowly to mean that a trial court that fails to notify a
defendant of the specific penalty he will face upon violation of
community control sanctions at the initial sentencing, may
“cure” that failure at a subsequent violation hearing by then
advising the defendant of the definite term of imprisonment that
may be imposed upon any subsequent finding of violation. We
find nothing in the statute or Fraley that requires a legally
adequate notification in the first instance to be given over and
over again.”
{¶33} We find the reasoning the appellate court in Oulhint to be
equally persuasive and applicable here. Appellant was properly notified at
the original sentencing hearing in February 2010 that if she violated the
terms of her community control sanction, she risked imposition of a twelve
(12) month prison term on each charge. That notification was legally
sufficient and the trial court was not required to notify her over and over
again.
{¶34} Furthermore, Appellant’s argument that the judgment entry of
sentence from the original sentencing hearing (which we have already noted
was deficient) controls our determination herein, has no merit.7 The
7
Appellant appears to raise the issue of the entry from the original sentencing hearing as an alternative
argument. Her second assignment of error asserts only that the trial court committed plain error when it
imposed sentence without being authorized to do so by the most recent Crim.R. 32(C) judgment entry.
Crim.R. 32(C) provides that the judgment of conviction shall set forth the fact of conviction and the
sentence.
Ross App. No. 13CA3398 20
transcript from the original sentencing hearing, specifically, the trial court’s
notification which was set forth above on page 3 under “Facts,” makes clear
that any discrepancy in the entry is clerical in nature.
{¶35} It is generally true that a trial court speaks only through its
journal entries. State v. Guilkey, 4th Dist. Scioto No. 04CA9432, 2005-
Ohio-3501, ¶10; Wilkins v. Wilkins, 116 Ohio App.3d 315, 318, 688 N.E.2d
27 (1996), citing State v. King, 70 Ohio St.3d 158, 162, 1994-Ohio-412, 637
N.E.2d 903. However, pursuant to Brooks, a trial court must inform a
defendant at the sentencing hearing of the sentence to be imposed if he
violates the community control sanctions. Brooks, supra, at 22. Provision
of this information in the judgment entry is insufficient. Id. In Guilkey, the
court noted that although it was trouble by erroneous language in the
sentencing entry, it did not affect the validity of Guilkey’s sentence. In this
matter, Appellant was properly notified at the original sentencing hearing in
2010 and the omission in the 2010 sentencing entry does not affect the
validity of Appellant’s notification and sentence.
{¶36} Based on our analysis above, we find the trial court gave valid
notice to Appellant at her original sentencing hearing that she faced a
specific prison term if she violated her conditions of community control.
We therefore find the trial court complied with all applicable rules and
Ross App. No. 13CA3398 21
statutes. As such, we further find Appellant’s sentence is not clearly and
convincingly contrary to law. We hereby overrule Appellant’s second
assignment of error and affirm the judgment of the trial court.
JUDGMENT AFFIRMED.
Ross App. No. 13CA3398 22
JUDGMENT ENTRY
It is ordered that the JUDGMENT BE AFFIRMED and costs be
assessed to Appellant.
The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing
the Ross County Common Pleas Court to carry this judgment into execution.
IF A STAY OF EXECUTION OF SENTENCE AND RELEASE
UPON BAIL HAS BEEN PREVIOUSLY GRANTED BY THE TRIAL
COURT OR THIS COURT, it is temporarily continued for a period not to
exceed sixty days upon the bail previously posted. The purpose of a
continued stay is to allow Appellant to file with the Supreme Court of Ohio
an application for a stay during the pendency of proceedings in that court. If
a stay is continued by this entry, it will terminate at the earlier of the
expiration of the sixty day period, or the failure of the Appellant to file a
notice of appeal with the Supreme Court of Ohio in the forty-five day appeal
period pursuant to Rule II, Sec. 2 of the Rules of Practice of the Supreme
Court of Ohio. Additionally, if the Supreme Court of Ohio dismisses the
appeal prior to expiration of sixty days, the stay will terminate as of the date
of such dismissal.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to
Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
Abele, P.J. and Harsha, J.: Concur in Judgment Only.
For the Court,
BY: __________________________________
Matthew W. McFarland
NOTICE TO COUNSEL
Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final
judgment entry and the time period for further appeal commences from
the date of filing with the clerk.