State v. Jones , 2013 Ohio 3710 ( 2013 )

[Cite as State v. Jones, 2013-Ohio-3710.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT )
STATE OF OHIO C.A. No. 26854
Appellee
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
ENTERED IN THE
ROBERT C. JONES COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
Appellant CASE No. CR 03 09 2736
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: August 28, 2013
HENSAL, Judge.
{¶1} Robert C. Jones appeals from a judgment of the Summit County common pleas
court that denied his motion to correct illegal sentence. For the following reasons, this Court
affirms.
I.
{¶2} In April 2004, a jury found Mr. Jones guilty of attempted aggravated murder and
aggravated arson. The trial court sentenced him to ten years imprisonment for attempted
aggravated murder and five years imprisonment for aggravated arson. It ordered him to serve the
sentences consecutively. Mr. Jones appealed, but this Court upheld his convictions. State v.
Jones, 9th Dist. Summit No. 22112, 2005-Ohio-265.
{¶3} In February 2005, Mr. Jones petitioned for post-conviction relief, alleging
ineffective assistance of trial counsel. The trial court denied his petition. In October 2005, Mr.
Jones filed a second petition for post-conviction relief, alleging that he had discovered new
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evidence. The trial court denied his petition, concluding that his arguments were barred by res
judicata.
{¶4} In February 2013, Mr. Jones filed a “Motion to Correct Illegal Sentence and for a
De Novo Resentencing.” According to Mr. Jones, in State v. Johnson, 128 Ohio St.3d 153,
2010-Ohio-6314, the Ohio Supreme Court clarified the test for determining whether two offenses
should be merged as allied offenses under Revised Code Section 2941.25. He argued that
Johnson applies retroactively; therefore, he is entitled to a new sentencing hearing. The trial
court, however, denied his motion. Mr. Jones has appealed, assigning three errors.
II.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I
THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED PLAIN ERROR AND WAS WITHOUT
STATUTORY JURISDICTION TO SENTENCE MR. JONES
CONSECUTIVELY FOR ATTEMPTED AGGRAVATED MURDER AND
AGGRAVATED ARSON, THAT OCCURRED AT THE SAME TIME BY THE
SAME CONDUCT AND ARE ALLIED OFFENSES OF SIMILAR IMPORT,
RENDERING THE SENTENCE VOID.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II
THE OHIO SUPREME COURT DECISION OF STATE V. JOHNSON, 128
OHIO ST.3D 153, 942 N.E.2D 1061, IS AN “INTERVENING”
“RETROACTIVE STATUTORY INTERPRETATION OF WHAT R.C. §
2941.25, HAS ALWAYS MEANT,” THE GENERAL RULE IS THAT A
DECISION OF A COURT OF SUPERIOR JURISDICTION OVERRULING A
FORMER DECISION IS RETROSPECTIVE IN ITS OPERATION, AND THE
EFFECT IS NOT THAT THE FORMER WAS BAD LAW, BUT THAT IT
NEVER WAS THE LAW.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III
WHEN A COURT IMPOSES A SENTENCE EITHER CONSECUTIVE OR
CONCURRENT IN VIOLATION OF THE ALLIED OFFENSE OF SIMILAR
IMPORT STATUTE R.C. § 2941.25, THE COURT IS VIOLATING THE OHIO
AND UNITED STATES CONSTITUTIONS PROHIBITION AGAINST
DOUBLE JEOPARDY RENDERING THE SENTENCE
UNCONSTITUTIONAL AND VOID.
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{¶5} Mr. Jones argues that the trial court committed plain error at sentencing when it
imposed a prison term for both offenses and ordered him to serve the terms consecutively. He
argues that, under Johnson, he may only be sentenced for one of the offenses. He also argues
that, because his sentence does not comply with Johnson, it is void, and he is entitled to a
completely new sentencing hearing. He further argues that the fact that his sentence is void
means that his motion did not have to meet the requirements for a successive petition for post-
conviction relief and that his arguments are not barred under the doctrine of res judicata.
{¶6} “A sentence may be void or voidable.” State v. Horton, 9th Dist. Lorain No.
12CA010271, 2013-Ohio-848, ¶ 9. In general, “[a] void sentence is one that a court imposes
despite lacking subject-matter jurisdiction or the authority to act. Conversely, a voidable
sentence is one that a court has jurisdiction to impose, but was imposed irregularly or
erroneously.” (Internal citations omitted.) State v. Payne, 114 Ohio St.3d 502, 2007-Ohio-4642,
¶ 27. But see State v. Harris, 132 Ohio St.3d 318, 2012-Ohio-1908, ¶ 15 (explaining that a
sentence that does not include a statutorily-mandated term is void in part). “A voidable sentence
may only be set aside if successfully challenged on direct appeal.” Horton at ¶ 10. On the other
hand, “[a] defendant may challenge a void judgment at any time.” State v. Dawson, 9th Dist.
Summit 26500, 2013-Ohio-1767, ¶ 6. “The determination of whether a judgment is void
presents a question of law.” Blaine v. Blaine, 4th Dist. Jackson No. 10CA15, 2011-Ohio-1654, ¶
19.
{¶7} This Court has held that a trial court’s failure to merge allied offenses does not
result in a void sentence. State v. Abuhilwa, 9th Dist. Summit No. 25300, 2010-Ohio-5997, ¶ 8.
Accordingly, Mr. Jones has not presented an issue that may be raised for the first time eight
years after his conviction and notwithstanding his failure to raise the issue on direct appeal or in
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his previous post-trial motions. State v. Johnson, 9th Dist. Summit No. 26167, 2012-Ohio-4251,
¶ 7. The doctrine of res judicata “bars the assertion of claims against a valid, final judgment of
conviction that have been raised or could have been raised on [direct] appeal.” State v. Ketterer,
126 Ohio St.3d 448, 2010-Ohio-3831, ¶ 59.
{¶8} Mr. Jones could have raised his allied offenses argument on direct appeal.
Accordingly, we conclude that it is barred by the doctrine of res judicata. State v. Romanda, 9th
Dist. Summit No. 26450, 2013-Ohio-1771, ¶ 11; Horton, 2013-Ohio-848, at ¶ 12; State v. Heina,
9th Dist. Medina No. 11CA0100-M, 2012-Ohio-4200, ¶ 6. Mr. Jones’s assignments of error are
overruled.
III.
{¶9} The trial court correctly denied Mr. Jones’s motion to correct illegal sentence and
for a de novo resentencing. The judgment of the Summit County common pleas court is
affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy
of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
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instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed to Appellant.
JENNIFER HENSAL
FOR THE COURT
BELFANCE, P. J.
WHITMORE, J.
CONCUR.
APPEARANCES:
ROBERT C. JONES, pro se, Appellant.
SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and RICHARD S. KASAY, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.