State v. Hach , 2012 Ohio 2603 ( 2012 )

[Cite as State v. Hach, 2012-Ohio-2603.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT )
STATE OF OHIO C.A. No. 26173
Appellee
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
ENTERED IN THE
THOMAS R. HACH, aka THOMAS HURT COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
Appellant CASE No. CR 1993 03 0439
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: June 13, 2012
DICKINSON, Judge.
INTRODUCTION
{¶1} Twelve years after he was convicted, Thomas Hach moved the trial court to
resentence him to include the manner of his conviction in the judgment entry. In May 2011, the
trial court issued a nunc pro tunc entry doing so, but Mr. Hach has argued that he did not receive
notice of that entry. Therefore, five months later, he moved the trial court for the same relief,
asking the trial court to “proceed to judgment.” The trial court denied his motion, and he
attempted to appeal. The attempted appeal is dismissed because this Court lacks jurisdiction to
review the trial court’s October 2011 entry.
BACKGROUND
{¶2} In August 1999, a jury convicted Mr. Hach of eleven counts of rape and ten
counts of gross sexual imposition involving a child. His original sentencing entry indicated that
he was “found GUILTY at trial.” This Court affirmed his convictions on appeal. State v. Hach,
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9th Dist. No. 19772, 2001 WL 7381 (Jan. 3, 2001). In April 2011, Mr. Hach, acting pro se,
moved the trial court for resentencing. Citing the January 2011 decision of the Ohio Supreme
Court in State ex rel. DeWine v. Burge, 128 Ohio St. 3d 236, 2011-Ohio-235, the State argued
that, although the sentencing entry did not comply with Criminal Rule 32(C), the remedy was not
a de novo sentencing hearing but a corrected sentencing entry. On May 10, 2011, the trial court
issued a nunc pro tunc entry indicating that the original sentencing entry should be amended to
indicate that Mr. Hach was found “GUILTY AFTER JURY TRIAL.” Mr. Hach did not appeal
that entry.
{¶3} According to the trial court’s certified docket, nothing was filed between May 10,
2011, and November 16, 2011, when Mr. Hach filed this appeal. The parties agree, however,
that Mr. Hach has timely attempted to appeal a trial court ruling of October 25, 2011. According
to the parties, in October 2011, Mr. Hach moved the trial court “to Proceed to Judgment.” Mr.
Hach has argued that he never received notice that the trial court had ruled on his April motion.
The parties agree that the State opposed the motion to proceed to judgment, and the trial court
denied it. Although the trial court’s October 25, 2011, journal entry does not appear on the
clerk’s docket, a time-stamped copy of it appears in this Court’s record as an attachment to Mr.
Hach’s notice of appeal. As there is no dispute about the essential facts surrounding the trial
court’s disposition of the motion, we will consider Mr. Hach’s attempted appeal as though the
motion, response, and journal entry were properly entered on the trial court’s docket.
JURISDICTION
{¶4} Section 3(B)(2) of Article IV of the Ohio Constitution provides that courts of
appeals “shall have such jurisdiction as may be provided by law” to review “judgments or final
orders.” Section 2953.02 of the Ohio Revised Code provides jurisdiction to courts of appeals to
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review “the judgment or final order of a court of record inferior to the court of appeals” in all
criminal cases except certain capital cases. The definition of “final order,” as that term is used in
Section 2953.02, is found in Section 2505.02(B) of the Ohio Revised Code. See State v. Roberts,
106 Ohio App. 30, 31 (2d Dist. 1957). Under that section, an order that “affects a substantial
right in an action that in effect determines the action and prevents a judgment” is a “final order.”
R.C. 2505.02(B)(1).
{¶5} In 2008, the Ohio Supreme Court explained Rule 32(C) of the Ohio Rules of
Criminal Procedure in State v. Baker, 119 Ohio St. 3d 197, 2008-Ohio-3330, by holding that a
“judgment of conviction is a final appealable order under [Section] 2505.02 [of the Ohio Revised
Code] when it sets forth (1) the guilty plea, the jury verdict, or the finding of the court upon
which the conviction is based; (2) the sentence; (3) the signature of the judge; and (4) entry on
the journal by the clerk of court.” Baker, 2008-Ohio-3330 at syllabus. In Baker, the Court
determined that “a trial court is required to sign and journalize a document memorializing the
sentence and the manner of the conviction: a guilty plea, a no contest plea upon which the court
has made a finding of guilt, a finding of guilt based upon a bench trial, or a guilty verdict
resulting from a jury trial.” Id. at ¶ 14. Mr. Hach’s original sentencing entry indicated only that
he had been found guilty after trial without mentioning whether it was a bench or jury trial.
{¶6} “Clerical mistakes in judgments, orders, or other parts of the record, and errors in
the record arising from oversight or omission, may be corrected by the court at any time.” Crim.
R. 36. In January 2011, the Ohio Supreme Court held that “the technical failure to comply with
[Criminal Rule] 32(C) by not including the manner of conviction in [the] sentence is not a
violation of a statutorily mandated term, so it does not render the judgment a nullity.” State ex
rel. DeWine v. Burge, 128 Ohio St. 3d 236, 2011-Ohio-235, ¶ 9. “[T]he remedy for a failure to
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comply with [Criminal Rule] 32(C) is a revised sentencing entry rather than a new hearing.” Id.
at ¶ 18. The Supreme Court explained that “[c]ourts possess inherent authority to correct clerical
errors in judgment entries so that the record speaks the truth.” Id. at ¶ 17 (quoting State ex rel.
Cruzado v. Zaleski, 111 Ohio St. 3d 353, 2006-Ohio-5795, ¶ 19). Nunc pro tunc entries are often
used to correct sentencing entries that, because of an oversight or omission, do not comply with
Criminal Rule 32(C). Id.{¶7} In October 2011, the Supreme Court modified Baker by holding that, “a judgment
of conviction is a final order subject to appeal under R.C. 2505.02 when the judgment entry sets
forth (1) the fact of the conviction, (2) the sentence, (3) the judge’s signature, and (4) the time
stamp indicating the entry upon the journal by the clerk.” State v. Lester, 130 Ohio St. 3d 303,
2011-Ohio-5204, ¶ 14. The Court held that a judgment entry of conviction that does not indicate
the manner of conviction could be corrected sua sponte or at the request of a party, “[b]ut the fact
that a defendant may be entitled to a revised order setting forth [that] inadvertently omitted term .
. . does not prevent an original order that conforms to the substantive requirements of [the Rule]
from being final.” Id. at ¶ 16.
{¶8} When the trial court entered its judgment of conviction and sentence in 1999, the
order was final and appealable despite the fact that it did not indicate that Mr. Hach was found
guilty by a jury. Mr. Hach appealed that judgment, and this Court affirmed his convictions in
2001. State v. Hach, 9th Dist. No. 19772, 2001 WL 7381 (Jan. 3, 2001). He was entitled to a
revised order setting forth the fact that he had been found guilty by a jury, but that defect in form
did not affect the finality of his original sentencing entry. The trial court issued a revised entry
via nunc pro tunc in May 2011. The nunc pro tunc entry, issued for the sole purpose of
complying with Criminal Rule 32(C), was “not a new final order from which a new appeal may
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be taken.” State v. Lester, 130 Ohio St. 3d 303, 2011-Ohio-5204, paragraph two of the syllabus.
Thus, even if Mr. Hach had received the entry in a timely manner, it was not appealable.
{¶9} In October 2011, when Mr. Hach moved the trial court to proceed to judgment,
his final judgment entry met the requirements of Criminal Rule 32(C). The trial court’s ruling on
his October 2011 motion did not affect Mr. Hach’s substantial rights. See R.C. 2505.02.
Therefore, the October 2011 entry from which Mr. Hach has attempted to appeal is not
appealable, and this Court is without jurisdiction to consider the merits of his argument. R.C.
2953.02, 2505.02(B).
CONCLUSION
{¶10} Mr. Hach has attempted to appeal from a trial court entry that is not appealable.
This attempted appeal is dismissed. The clerk of courts is directed to correct the docketing errors
discussed in the “Background” section of this opinion. See App. R. 9(E).
Appeal dismissed.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed to Appellant.
CLAIR E. DICKINSON
FOR THE COURT
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WHITMORE, P. J.
MOORE, J.
CONCUR.
APPEARANCES:
THOMAS HACH, pro se, Appellant.
SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and RICHARD S. KASAY, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.