State v. Gibson , 2011 Ohio 3074 ( 2011 )

[Cite as State v. Gibson, 2011-Ohio-3074.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 96117
STATE OF OHIO
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
DANA GIBSON
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT:
AFFIRMED
Criminal Appeal from the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-504831
BEFORE: Rocco, J., Blackmon, P.J., and S. Gallagher, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: June 23, 2011
-i-
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FOR APPELLANT
Dana Gibson, Pro Se
Inmate No. 551-091
Mansfield Correctional Institution
P.O. Box 788
Mansfield, Ohio 44901
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
William D. Mason
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
BY: Thorin O. Freeman
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney
The Justice Center
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
KENNETH A. ROCCO, J.:
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant Dana Gibson, proceeding pro se, appeals
from the trial court order that converted his “motion for resentencing” into a
motion for postconviction relief, and denied it as both untimely and barred by
the doctrine of res judicata.
{¶ 2} Gibson presents one assignment of error. He claims the trial
court’s order was improper pursuant to this court’s disposition of his previous
appeal in State v. Gibson, Cuyahoga App. No. 91793, 2009-Ohio-38833
(“Gibson I”) and the supreme court opinion in State v. Simpkins, 117 Ohio
St.3d 420, 2008-Ohio-1197, 884 N.E.2d 568.
{¶ 3} Upon a review of the record, this court finds his argument
unpersuasive. His assignment of error, therefore, is overruled, and the trial
court’s order is affirmed.
{¶ 4} As relevant to the instant appeal, this court set forth the
underlying facts of this case in Gibson I as follows:
{¶ 5} “ * * * On June 6, 2008, the jury returned a verdict of guilty on six
counts: murder under section 2903.02(A); murder under 2903.02(B); both
felonious assault counts; tampering with evidence, and arson. * * * The
defendant was found not guilty of aggravated murder, under R.C. 2903.01,
but found guilty of the lesser included offense of murder under Count 1 * * * .
{¶ 6} “On June 17, 2008, the lower court sentenced Gibson to
15-years-to-life on Counts 1 and 2, to run concurrent. Gibson was also
sentenced to five years on Counts 3 and 4, to run concurrent with each other,
but consecutive to Counts 1 and 2. He also received five years on Count 5, to
run consecutive to the five-year term of incarceration on Counts 3 and 4,
which are consecutive to the fifteen-years-to-life sentence on Counts 1 and 2.
Finally, Gibson received six months on Count 6, the misdemeanor arson
charge, for a total sentence of 25-years-to-life.
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{¶ 7} “ * * *
{¶ 8} “ * * * Gibson told Cleveland Police Detective Henry Veverka that
he and his half-brother had gotten into a fight over the use of a car * * * , the
two of them continued to argue and [the victim] grabbed a butcher knife from
the kitchen drawer. * * * Gibson grabbed a nearby crowbar and hit [the
victim] with it. The fight continued into the hall and down the stairs with
Gibson continually hitting [the victim].
{¶ 9} “Detective Veverka further testified that Gibson told him that he
got rid of the body first, then the car, by setting them on fire.
{¶ 10} “ * * *
{¶ 11} “ * * * [W]e find plain error regarding Gibson’s convictions. * * * .
{¶ 12} “Gibson is currently serving two concurrent terms of
incarceration for killing one victim: one term of incarceration for murder
pursuant to R.C. 2903.02(A), and the other for murder pursuant to R.C.
2903.02(B).
{¶ 13} “Furthermore, Gibson is serving two concurrent terms of
incarceration for felonious assault against one victim: one term of
incarceration for felonious assault pursuant to R.C. 2903.11(A)(1) and the
other for felonious assault pursuant to R.C. 2903.11(A)(2).
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{¶ 14} “ * * * As it pertains to Gibson’s murder convictions: ‘The Ohio
Supreme Court has held that the conviction and sentence on two counts of
murder for a single killing violated R.C. 2941.25 and the Double Jeopardy
Clauses of the Ohio and United States Constitutions.’ State v. Hudson, 9th
Dist. No. 24009, 2008-Ohio-4075; see State v. Huertas (1990), 51 Ohio St.3d
22, 553 N.E.2d 1058. ‘[Where] a defendant who kills only one victim is
convicted of two aggravated murder counts, the trial court may sentence on
only one count.’ State v. Waddy (1992), 63 Ohio St.3d 424, 588 N.E.2d 819.
{¶ 15} “In the instant case, felonious assault pursuant to R .C.
2903.11(A)(1) and R.C. 2903.11(A)(2) are allied offenses of similar import.
State v. Smith, 1st Dist. No. C-070216, 2008-Ohio-2469; see, also, State of
Ohio v. Goldsmith, Cuyahoga App. No. 90617, 2008-Ohio-5990. This is so
because Gibson struck Raymond with multiple blunt force strikes in rapid
succession and did not have a separate animus for each strike.
{¶ 16} “Thus, ‘although the aggregate sentence should remain the same,
by law, the convictions should be merged.’ State v. Crowley (2002), 151 Ohio
App.3d 249, 2002-Ohio-7366, 783 N.E.2d 970.
{¶ 17} “ * * * [T]his matter is remanded to the trial court to merge
defendant’s two convictions for murder into one murder conviction and to
merge defendant’s two convictions for felonious assault into one felonious
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assault conviction, thereby imposing one single conviction for each of the two
allied offenses. In all other respects, the matter is affirmed. * * * ”
{¶ 18} On remand, the trial court followed this court’s directive. Gibson
was sentenced on January 2, 2010 to consecutive terms of “15 years to life on
Counts 1 and 2 (merge[d]), 5 years on Counts 3 and 4 (Merge[d]),” and “5
years on Count 5,” with a six-month concurrent sentence on Count 6. Gibson
thus received the same aggregate prison term of twenty-five years to life.
{¶ 19} Gibson filed a notice of appeal from the trial court’s journal entry
of resentence, but this court subsequently dismissed that appeal in July 2010
for his failure to file an appellate brief.
{¶ 20} On October 27, 2010, Gibson filed a “motion for resentencing.”
In his supporting brief, Gibson argued for the first time that his convictions
for murder and felonious assault were “allied offenses” pursuant to R.C.
2941.25(A). He asserted that his sentences for both murder and felonious
assault on the same victim thus violated both the statute and the Double
Jeopardy Clauses of the Ohio and United States Constitutions.
{¶ 21} After the state filed a brief in opposition to Gibson’s motion, the
trial court issued a journal entry stating in pertinent part that Gibson’s
motion was “converted into a post-conviction petition.” The trial court
further determined such a petition was both untimely and presented issues
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that could have been raised on his direct appeal, therefore, Gibson’s motion
was denied.
{¶ 22} Gibson appeals from the trial court’s order with the following
assignment of error:
{¶ 23} “I. Whether the trial court committed reversible error
thereupon abusing its discretion by construing Appellant’s motion
for resentencing into a [sic] untimely post-conviction petition when
Appellant was sentenced to allied offenses of similar import in
violation of both R.C. 2941.25 and the Double Jeopardy Clause of the
Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and Article I, Section 10 of
the Ohio Constitution.”
{¶ 24} Gibson argues his motion was neither properly denied nor
properly determined to be a petition for postconviction relief. Citing
Simpkins, he contends that, since this court held in State v. Minifee,
Cuyahoga App. No. 91017, 2009-Ohio-3089, that murder and felonious
assault committed on a single victim are “allied offenses of similar import,”
and since this court also determined in Gibson I that he “did not have a
separate animus” in striking the victim repeatedly, his sentence remains
void. Under such circumstances, he claims the trial court retained
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jurisdiction to impose a “proper” sentence and, thus, the trial court incorrectly
deemed his motion to be one seeking “postconviction” relief.
{¶ 25} A similar argument previously has been addressed and rejected
by the Eleventh District in State v. Hobbs, Lake App. No. 2010-L-064,
2011-Ohio-1298, which analyzed the issue in the following manner:
{¶ 26} “‘[A] convicted defendant is precluded under the doctrine of res
judicata from raising and litigating in any proceeding, except an appeal from
that judgment, any defense or any claimed lack of due process that was raised
or could have been raised by the defendant at the trial which resulted in that
judgment of conviction or on appeal from that judgment.’ State v. Szefcyk
(1996), 77 Ohio St.3d 93, 96 [, 1996-Ohio-337, 261 N.E.2d 233].
{¶ 27} “ * * *
{¶ 28} “ * * * [U]nlike a failure to impose postrelease control in
accordance with statutorily mandated terms, the sentencing error in this case
does not render the judgment void. Rather, the trial court’s imposition of a
separate prison term for the firearm specification — inappropriate when the
underlying offense was improperly handling a firearm in a motor vehicle —
was an error, and therefore, the judgment is voidable, to be corrected by the
trial court upon resentencing. In contrast to a void judgment, res judicata
applies to a voidable judgment. See State v. Simpkins, [supra], ¶30 (‘res
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judicata applies to a voidable sentence and may operate to prevent
consideration of a collateral attack based on a claim that could have been
raised on direct appeal from the voidable sentence’). Because Mr. Hobbs
failed to raise the allied offenses claim in his direct appeal, it is now barred by
res judicata.” (Emphasis added.)
{¶ 29} In like manner, in State v. Poole, Cuyahoga App. No. 94759,
2011-Ohio-716, this court noted in pertinent part:
{¶ 30} “During recent developments in the law surrounding postrelease
control issues, the argument has been raised that since a trial court’s failure
to inform a defendant of postrelease control at sentencing renders that
sentence void, the defendant should be allowed to collaterally attack his
conviction. See, e.g., State v. Dillard, Jefferson App. No. 08 JE 35,
2010-Ohio-1407.
{¶ 31} “In State v. Marshall, Cuyahoga App. No. 89409, 2007-Ohio-6830,
this court rejected a defendant’s argument that the trial court, at his
resentencing, erred when it failed to merge his robbery and kidnapping
convictions because they were allied offenses of similar import. This court
found that the trial court properly rejected the defendant’s argument because
he had already raised the issue, which this court rejected on direct appeal.
In State v. Martin, Montgomery App. No. 21697, 2007-Ohio-3585, the court
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found that the analysis of merger constituted a review of the defendant’s
underlying convictions, and thus was not within the scope of the trial court’s
limited review of sentencing issues on remand. See, also, State v. McCauley,
Cuyahoga App. No. 86671, 2006-Ohio-2875 (finding that the defendant’s
allied offenses argument was barred by res judicata because it was not raised
on direct appeal).
{¶ 32} “Recently, the Ohio Supreme Court, in an attempt to wade
through the quagmire of law on postrelease control, held that ‘void sentences
are not precluded from appellate review by principles of res judicata and may
be reviewed at any time, on direct appeal or by collateral attack. [However,],
although the doctrine of res judicata does not preclude review of a void
sentence, res judicata still applies to other aspects of the merits of a
conviction, including the determination of guilt and the lawful elements of the
ensuing sentence. The scope of an appeal from a resentencing hearing in
which a mandatory term of postrelease control is imposed is limited to issues
arising at the resentencing hearing.’ State v. Fischer, [128 Ohio St.3d 92],
2010-Ohio-6238 [, 942 N.E.2d 332].
{¶ 33} “Thus, when a court affirms the convictions in an appellant’s first
appeal, the propriety of those convictions becomes the law of the case, and
subsequent arguments seeking to overturn them are barred. State v.
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Harrison, Cuyahoga App. No. 88957, 2008-Ohio-921, at ¶9. Therefore, in a
subsequent appeal, only arguments relating to the resentencing are proper.
State v. Riggenbach, Richland App. No. 09CA121, 2010-Ohio-3392, affirmed
by [128 Ohio St.3d 338,] 2010-Ohio-6336 [, 944 N.E.2d 221].
{¶ 34} “In further clarification on this issue, we note that the Ohio
Supreme Court recently stated that ‘under R.C. 2941.25, the court must
determine prior to sentencing whether the offenses were committed by the
same conduct.’ State v. Johnson, [128 Ohio St.3d 153,] 2010-Ohio-6314, [942
N.E.2d 1061,] at the syllabus. (Emphasis added).” (Underscoring added.)
{¶ 35} Thus, the trial court did not err in declining to address Gibson’s
claims. As for the trial court’s decision to convert Gibson’s “motion for
resentencing” into a petition for postconviction relief, this also was
appropriate. R.C. 2953.21(A)(1)(a) defines the criteria under which
postconviction relief may be sought as follows:
{¶ 36} “Any person who has been convicted of a criminal offense * * *
and who claims that there was such a denial or infringement of the person’s
rights as to render the judgment void or voidable under the Ohio Constitution
or the Constitution of the United States * * * may file a petition in the court
that imposed the sentence, stating the grounds for relief relied upon, and
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asking the court to vacate or set aside the judgment or sentence * * *.”
(Emphasis added.)
{¶ 37} Clearly, in light of the supreme court’s decision in State v.
Reynolds, 79 Ohio St.3d 158, 1997-Ohio-304, 679 N.E.2d 1131, Gibson’s
motion met the criteria for being characterized as a petition for postconviction
relief. The time limitations for filing for such relief are set forth in R.C.
2953.21(A)(2) and R.C. 2953.23, but Gibson’s motion met none of them.
{¶ 38} In light of the foregoing, the trial court correctly denied Gibson’s
motion.
{¶ 39} Gibson’s assignment of error, accordingly, is overruled.
{¶ 40} The trial court’s order is affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the
common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s
conviction having been affirmed, any bail pending appeal is terminated.
Case remanded to the trial court for execution of sentence.
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A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to
Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
________________________________________
KENNETH A. ROCCO, JUDGE
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, P.J., and
SEAN C. GALLAGHER, J., CONCUR