State v. Padgett , 2011 Ohio 1927 ( 2011 )

[Cite as State v. Padgett, 2011-Ohio-1927.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 95065
STATE OF OHIO
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
ALFONSO PADGETT
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT:
AFFIRMED
Criminal Appeal from the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-369446
BEFORE: E. Gallagher, J., Kilbane, A.J., and Stewart, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: April 21, 2011
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ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
John T. Martin
Assistant Public Defender
310 Lakeside Avenue
Suite 200
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
William D. Mason
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
BY: Thorin O. Freeman
Assistant County Prosecutor
The Justice Center, 9th Floor
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, J.:
{¶ 1} Appellant, Alfonso Padgett (“appellant”), appeals his sentence and seeks to
have the sentence vacated and the case remanded for an allied offenses hearing and a new
sentencing hearing. Appellant argues that the trial court should have conducted an allied
offenses voir dire hearing at his 2008 resentencing, that the trial court mistakenly believed it
could not consider appellant’s prison record at resentencing, and that the trial court erred by
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ordering consecutive sentences without making findings pursuant to R.C. 2929.14(E)(4).
For the following reasons, we affirm.
{¶ 2} On November 17, 1998, appellant was indicted by a Cuyahoga County Grand
Jury on charges of kidnapping with a sexual motivation specification and rape. On January
6, 1999, appellant pled guilty to kidnapping and to the rape charge, which was amended to
remove the specification requiring a life sentence. The trial court conducted a sentencing
hearing on January 25, 1999. The transcript of this sentencing hearing was not filed with the
Court as part of this appeal. However, the trial court’s journal entry from the sentencing
indicates that the trial court “considered all of the required factors of the law.” The trial
court imposed a prison term of seven years on the kidnapping charge and eight years on the
rape charge to run consecutive to one another. Defendant did not appeal from his original
sentencing.
{¶ 3} Appellant was not properly advised of postrelease control at the original
sentencing and, thus, on March 28, 2008, the trial court held a resentencing hearing for the
sole purpose of remedying this omission. At the resentencing hearing, the trial court heard
from appellant, his attorney, and his sister regarding his efforts toward rehabilitation while in
prison. The trial court reimposed the original sentence of seven years on the kidnapping
charge (Count 1) and eight years on the rape charge (Count 2) to run consecutive to one
another. Defendant did not appeal from this sentencing hearing.
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{¶ 4} On December 11, 2009, appellant moved the trial court for a new sentencing
hearing, arguing that he had served the entire prison term on the rape charge prior to the 2008
resentencing hearing and the trial court lacked jurisdiction to resentence appellant on the rape.
Additionally, appellant argued that the March 28, 2008 judgment of conviction failed to
contain the manner of conviction, i.e. the guilty plea, the jury verdict, or the finding upon
which the conviction was based. Subsequently, the trial court issued a journal entry on April
8, 2010, correcting the defects and clarifying that the kidnapping sentence had expired prior to
the 2008 resentencing hearing and that appellant was to serve the remainder of the 8 year rape
sentence. The trial court vacated the postrelease control sentence for the expired kidnapping
charge but left in place the postrelease control imposed for the rape charge. The trial court
then assigned the Public Defender for the purposes of appeal. It is from this April 8, 2010
journal entry that appellant now appeals, raising the three assignments of error contained in the
appendix to this opinion.
{¶ 5} In his first assignment of error, appellant argues that his sentence must be
vacated and the case remanded for a voir dire hearing to determine if the offenses to which he
pled guilty are allied offenses of similar import pursuant to R.C. 2941.25(A) for which only a
single conviction may be entered. The trial court did not engage in an allied offenses voir dire
at appellant’s resentencing hearing. Though appellant states in his brief that defense counsel
raised the issue of allied offenses at sentencing, a careful review of the transcript from the
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March 28, 2008 resentencing reveals that the issue was not raised by either the defendant or
the trial court.
{¶ 6} On this appeal from his resentencing, appellant now, for the first time, raises the
issue of merger of allied offenses. Mindful of the Ohio Supreme Court’s recent decision in
State v. Fischer, 128 Ohio St.3d 92, 2010-Ohio-6238, 942 N.E.2d 332, we examine whether or
not the issue of merger of allied offenses is res judicata. Prior to Fischer, the Seventh District
in State v. Dillard, Jefferson App. No. 08 JE 35, 2010-Ohio-1407, summarized the unclear
issue of whether or not an appellant could raise the issue of merger for the first time on a
resentencing appeal. The Seventh District stated, “[t]here is not a complete consensus among
the Ohio districts as to whether the issue of merger can be raised for the first time on a
resentencing appeal. The majority of Ohio’s Appellate Districts believe that the issue of
merger must be raised in an appellant’s first direct appeal, or else it is barred by res judicata.
* * * However, some courts have provided merger analysis in a resentencing appeal without
addressing the issue of res judicata.” Id.{¶ 7} Prior to Fischer, the Ohio Supreme Court’s decision in State v. Bezak, 114 Ohio
St.3d 94, 2007-Ohio-3250, 868 N.E.2d 961, held that a sentence which lacked proper notice of
postrelease control was void and the parties were placed in the same position as if there had
been no sentence. Bezak at ¶12-13. In Fischer, the Ohio Supreme Court limited the
holding in Bezak and held that the new sentencing hearing to which an offender is entitled
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under Bezak is limited to proper imposition of postrelease control. Fischer at ¶29.
Fischer clarified the holding in Bezak, explaining that while a sentence that lacks proper
postrelease control is void, “only the offending portion of the sentence is subject to review and
correction.” Fischer at ¶27. The court concluded, “although the doctrine of res judicata
does not preclude review of a void sentence, res judicata still applies to other aspects of the
merits of a conviction, including the determination of guilt and the lawful elements of the
ensuing sentence. The scope of an appeal from a resentencing hearing in which a mandatory
term of post release control is imposed is limited to issues arising at the resentencing hearing.”
Fischer at ¶40.
{¶ 8} In the present case, appellant did not bring a direct appeal from his original
1999 sentencing challenging the issue of merger of allied offenses. Nor did appellant seek a
delayed appeal on this matter. Only nine years later, after his 2008 resentencing conducted
solely for advisement of postrelease control, did appellant for the first time bring an appeal on
the issue of merger. Under the doctrine of res judicata, a final judgment of conviction bars the
convicted defendant from raising and litigating in any proceeding, except an appeal from that
judgment, any defense or any claimed lack of due process that was raised or could have been
raised by the defendant at the trial that resulted in that judgment of conviction or on an appeal
from that judgment. State v. Perry (1967), 10 Ohio St.2d 175, 180, 226 N.E.2d 104.
Fischer makes it clear that only the offending portion of a sentence is void due to a failure to
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properly impose postrelease control is subject to review and correction on a resentencing
appeal. We recently held in State v. Poole, Cuyahoga App. No. 94759, 2011-Ohio-716 that,
“the time to challenge a conviction based on allied offenses is through a direct appeal — not
at a resentencing hearing.” In the present instance, the proper avenue for appellant’s merger
challenge would have been a direct appeal from his 1999 sentencing. As such, we find
appellant’s first assignment of error to be outside the scope of appellant’s present appeal from
resentencing and res judicata.
{¶ 9} Furthermore, even if the issue of allied offenses was not res judicata pursuant to
Fischer, appellant has failed to provide a transcript of his original January 25, 1999 sentencing
hearing, and it is impossible to determine whether or not the trial court conducted an allied
offenses voir dire as part of appellant’s original sentencing hearing. The only evidence we
have before us on this issue lies with the trial court’s journal entry from the original sentencing
wherein the court stated that it “considered all of the required factors of the law.” Without a
transcript of the 1999 sentencing hearing, the record is inadequate to permit a review of the
claimed error. The duty to provide a transcript for appellate review falls upon the appellant.
This is necessarily so because an appellant bears the burden of showing error by reference to
matters in the record. Knapp v. Edwards Laboratories (1980), 61 Ohio St.2d 197, 199, 400
N.E.2d 384. In the present instance, it is entirely possible that the trial court engaged in an
allied offenses voir dire at the original sentencing hearing and found appellant’s offenses not
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to be allied. When portions of the transcript necessary for resolution of an assigned error are
omitted from the record, the reviewing court has nothing to pass upon and thus, as to such an
assigned error, the court has no choice but to presume the validity of the lower court’s
proceedings, and affirm. Id. Appellant’s first assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 10} Appellant argues in his second assignment of error that the trial court
mistakenly believed it could not consider his prison record at resentencing. Appellant correctly
points out that pursuant to our holding in State v. Jackson, Cuyahoga App. No. 92365,
2009-Ohio-4995, a trial court may, in its discretion, consider an offender’s conduct while in
prison during a de novo resentencing. However, as we stated in State v. Smith, Cuyahoga
App. No. 91346, 2009-Ohio-1610, a trial court is not required to consider a defendant’s
conduct while incarcerated upon resentencing. A review of the transcript from appellant’s
2008 resentencing reveals that the trial court heard a detailed account of appellant’s conduct in
prison from appellant and appellant’s sister. It appears from the record that the trial court, in
its discretion, gave appellant’s conduct in prison no weight in resentencing. Appellant’s
argument lacks merit and his second assignment of merit is overruled.
{¶ 11} In his third assignment of error appellant argues that the trial court erred by
imposing consecutive sentences without making findings pursuant to R.C. 2929.14(E)(4).
Appellant correctly points out that the findings required by R.C. 2929.14(E)(4) are no longer
required to be made pursuant to the Ohio Supreme Court’s decision in State v. Foster, 109
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Ohio St.3d 1, 2006-Ohio-856, 845 N.E.2d 470. However, appellant urges us to disregard
Foster based upon the United States Supreme Court’s decision in Oregon v. Ice, (2009), 555
U.S. 160, 129 S.Ct. 711, 172 L.Ed.2d 517. In State v. Hodge, 128 Ohio St.3d 1,
2010-Ohio-6320, 941 N.E.2d 768, the Ohio Supreme Court held that the United States
Supreme Court's decision in Oregon did not revive Ohio's former consecutive-sentencing
statutory provisions, R.C. 2929.14(E)(4) and 2929.41(A), which were previously held
unconstitutional. The Hodge decision reaffirmed that trial court judges are not obligated to
engage in judicial fact-finding prior to imposing consecutive sentences unless the General
Assembly enacts new legislation requiring that findings be made. Appellant’s third assignment
of error lacks merit and is overruled.
Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover of appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common pleas
court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s conviction having been
affirmed, any bail pending appeal is terminated. Case remanded to the trial court for
execution of sentence.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.
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EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, JUDGE
MARY EILEEN KILBANE, A.J., and
MELODY J. STEWART, J., CONCUR
Appendix
Assignment of Error No. 1:
“The trial court erred when it failed to conduct a hearing to determine whether
convicting Mr. Padgett for both kidnapping and rape would be in violation of R.C.
2941.25 (allied offenses) and a denial of his right to protection from double jeopardy
guaranteed by Art. I, Sect. 10 of the Ohio Constitution and the Fifth and Fourteenth
Amendments to the United States Constitution.”
Assignment of Error No. 2:
“The trial court erred when it failed to conduct a de novo sentencing, mistakenly
believing that it could not consider the defendant’s prison conduct since 1999 in
arriving at a sentence in 2008.”
Assignment of Error No. 3:
“The trial court erred by ordering consecutive sentences when it failed to make all of
the necessary findings required by R.C. 2929/14(E)(4), and failed to give any reasons
for the required findings.”