State v. Hamm , 2016 Ohio 2938 ( 2016 )

[Cite as State v. Hamm, 2016-Ohio-2938.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 103230
STATE OF OHIO
PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT
vs.
JOSHUA HAMM
DEFENDANT-APPELLEE
JUDGMENT:
AFFIRMED
Criminal Appeal from the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-14-590162-E
BEFORE: Keough, P.J., McCormack, J., and Stewart, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: May 12, 2016
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
Timothy J. McGinty
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
By: Frank Romeo Zeleznikar
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney
The Justice Center, 9th Floor
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Robert L. Tobik
Cuyahoga County Public Defender
By: John T. Martin
Assistant Public Defender
310 Lakeside Avenue, Suite 200
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, P.J.:
{¶1} Plaintiff-appellant, the state of Ohio, appeals from the sentence imposed
after defendant-appellee, Joshua Hamm (“Hamm”), pleaded guilty to attempted criminal
gang activity, intimidation, and attempted felonious assault. We affirm.
I. Background
{¶2} In November 2014, Hamm and 13 codefendants were indicted. Hamm
subsequently pleaded guilty to amended Count 1, attempted criminal gang activity in
violation of R.C. 2923.02 and 2923.42(A); Count 53, intimidation in violation of R.C.
2921.03(A); and Count 60, attempted felonious assault in violation of R.C. 2923.01 and
2903.11(A)(1). All the offenses were felonies of the third degree; Counts 53 and 60 each
carried an accompanying criminal gang activity specification, as set forth in R.C.
2941.142(A). In exchange for his plea, the other charges against Hamm were nolled.
{¶3} The trial court subsequently sentenced Hamm to 2 years incarceration on
the criminal gang activity specifications on Counts 53 and 60, concurrent, and to 60
months of community control sanctions on Counts 1, 53, and 60, to be served at the
conclusion of the prison term. The state now appeals from this sentence.
II. Analysis
{¶4} The state argues that the trial court’s sentence on Counts 53 and 60 is
contrary to law because the court imposed community control sanctions on the underlying
felony and a prison term on the accompanying criminal gang activity specification. The
state contends that the sentence on each count is an inappropriate “split sentence” because
the court imposed both a prison term and community control for the same offense.
{¶5} We will not reverse the sentence imposed unless we clearly and
convincingly find that it is contrary to law. See R.C. 2953.08(G)(2).
{¶6} “‘Current felony sentencing statutes, contained primarily in R.C. 2929.11 to
2929.19, require trial courts to impose either a prison term or community control
sanctions on each count.’” State v. Anderson, 143 Ohio St.3d 173, 2015-Ohio-2098, 35
N.E.3d 512, ¶ 13, quoting State v. Berry, 3d Dist. Defiance No. 4-12-04,
2012-Ohio-4660, ¶ 21. “[T]he sentencing statute does not allow a trial court to impose
both a prison sentence and community control for the same offense.” State v. Jacobs,
189 Ohio App.3d 283, 2010-Ohio-4010, 938 N.E.2d 789, ¶ 5 (8th Dist.). Rather, “the
trial court must ‘decide which sentence is appropriate — prison or community control
sanctions — and impose whichever option is deemed to be necessary.’” Id., quoting
State v. Vlad, 153 Ohio App.3d 74, 2003-Ohio-2930, 790 N.E.2d 1246, ¶ 16 (7th Dist.).
{¶7} A specification is not an element of the underlying offense nor a separate
offense in itself. Instead, a specification is a sentencing provision that enhances the
penalty for the associated predicate offense. State v. Moore, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
101658, 2015-Ohio-1026, ¶ 18 (E.T. Gallagher, J., concurring in judgment only); State v.
Noor, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 13AP-165, 2014-Ohio-3397, ¶ 51, fn. 2.
{¶8} The state contends that because a specification is completely dependent on
the existence of the underlying offense, the offense plus the specification constitute “the
entire count” and, therefore, by imposing community control sanctions on the underlying
offense and a prison term on the specification, the trial court violated the prohibition
against split sentences. We disagree.
{¶9} In Moore, supra, the defendant argued that the three-year mandatory prison
term on the firearm specification and the community control sanctions on the underlying
offense was contrary to law because it constituted an improper “split sentence.”
However, as explained in the concurring opinion in Moore, imposing community control
on an underlying offense and prison on an accompanying specification does not implicate
the “split sentence” prohibition precisely because a specification is not part of the
underlying offense but merely a sentencing enhancement to that offense. Thus, the trial
court’s sentence in Moore was not contrary to law. Id. at ¶ 18.
{¶10} The state argues that this case is different from Moore, however, because
Moore involved a firearm specification, and this case involves the criminal gang activity
specification under R.C. 2929.14(G), which the state contends requires the trial court to
impose a prison sentence on the underlying offense. R.C. 2929.14(G) states:
If an offender who is convicted of or pleads guilty to a felony that is an
offense of violence also is convicted of or pleads guilty to a specification of
the type described in section 2941.142 of the Revised Code that charges the
offender with having committed the felony while participating in a criminal
gang, the court shall impose upon the offender an additional prison term of
one, two, or three years.
(Emphasis added.)
{¶11} The state contends that because R.C. 2929.14(G) states that the trial court is
required to impose an “additional” prison term on the specification, the court must
necessarily impose a prison sentence on the underlying offense. The state argues that by
including the word “additional,” the legislature intended that the offender be given a
prison sentence on the underlying offense, as well as on the criminal gang specification;
in other words, that the prison sentence on the specification is in addition to the prison
sentence on the underlying offense.
{¶12} We disagree that the word “additional” in R.C. 2929.14(G) necessarily
requires a prison sentence on the underlying offense. The legislative history and notes to
R.C. 2929.14(G) offer no indication that the legislature intended to require a prison
sentence on the underlying offense. Moreover, it is well established that “sections of the
Revised Code defining offenses or penalties shall be strictly construed against the state,
and liberally in favor of the accused.” R.C. 2901.04(A). Thus, we read “additional” in
context as requiring a prison sentence in addition to whatever sentence is imposed on the
predicate offense, whether it be prison or community control sanctions.
{¶13} The state also directs us to this court’s decision in State v. Webb, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 73974, 1998 Ohio App. LEXIS 5460 (Nov. 19, 1998), as support for its
argument that the trial court may not impose community control sanctions on the
predicate offense while imposing prison on the specification. In Webb, the defendant
pleaded guilty to involuntary manslaughter, a third-degree felony with a possible sentence
of one to five years in prison. Id. at *2. He also pleaded guilty to a one-year firearm
specification. The trial court sentenced the defendant to one year in prison on the
involuntary manslaughter count and one year on the firearm specification. The court
then suspended the sentence on the involuntary manslaughter offense and ordered that the
defendant be returned to jail after completing the one-year sentence on the firearm
specification, at which time he would be placed on five years of community control
sanctions and serve two consecutive six-month sentences in jail. Id. at *3. The
defendant appealed his sentence.
{¶14} On appeal, this court held that by suspending the one-year sentence on the
involuntary manslaughter count and ordering the defendant returned to the Cuyahoga
County jail to serve two six-month terms after completing the one-year term on the
firearm specification, the trial court had improperly ordered the defendant to serve his
term on the involuntary manslaughter count in a local institution, rather than an institution
under the control of the department of rehabilitation and correction pursuant to former
R.C. 2929.221 (now R.C. 2929.34). This court reversed the sentence and remanded for
resentencing, finding that the trial court was required to sentence the defendant to one to
five years on the involuntary manslaughter count consecutive to the sentence on the
firearm specification. This court noted that after the sentence on the firearm
specification was completed, the trial court could entertain a motion for judicial release
and then sentence the defendant to community control sanctions, including local county
jail time if appropriate. Id. at *7.
{¶15} Webb is not on point for several reasons. First, unlike this case, the
underlying felony (involuntary manslaughter) was a nonprobationable offense subject to a
sentence of one to five years in prison. Id. at *2. Hence, the trial court was required to
impose a prison sentence on the underlying felony. In this case, the underlying offenses
of intimidation and attempted felonious assault are third-degree felony offenses without
any presumption of prison.
{¶16} Furthermore, as noted in the concurring opinion in Webb, the majority
opinion did not adequately address the central issue of the case: whether community
control sanctions may be imposed for an underlying felony when a mandatory prison
sentence is required for an accompanying firearm specification. The concurring opinion
did address this issue, however, and found that where a trial court is not required to
impose a prison sentence on the underlying felony, even where prison is mandatory for
the accompanying specification, a trial court may impose community control sanctions on
the underlying felony. Id. at *12.
{¶17} Accordingly, because the trial court in this case could properly impose
community control sanctions on the underlying offenses while imposing prison on the
accompanying criminal gang activity specifications, the trial court’s sentence was not
contrary to law. The state’s assignment of error is overruled.
{¶18} Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common
pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. Case remanded to the trial court for
execution of sentence.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, PRESIDING JUDGE
TIM McCORMACK, J., and
MELODY J. STEWART, J., CONCUR