Jestice v. Jestice , 2014 Ohio 3777 ( 2014 )

[Cite as Jestice v. Jestice, 2014-Ohio-3777.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
BUTLER COUNTY
CRAIG JESTICE, :
CASE NO. CA2013-07-133
Plaintiff-Appellant, :
OPINION
: 9/2/2014
- vs -
:
KRISTIN JESTICE, :
Defendant-Appellee. :
APPEAL FROM BUTLER COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
DOMESTIC RELATIONS DIVISION
Case No. DR 2012 07 0860
Helen M. Kendrick, 5658 McCarthy Court, West Chester, Ohio 45609, for plaintiff-appellant
Kristin Jestice, 4141 Hamilton Eaton Road, Lot 23, Hamilton, Ohio 45011, defendant-
appellee, pro se
S. POWELL, J.
{¶ 1} Plaintiff-appellant, Craig Jestice, appeals the decision of the Butler County
Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, in his action for divorce from
defendant-appellee, Kristin Jestice. For the reasons discussed below, we affirm in part,
reverse in part, and remand the cause to the trial court for further proceedings.
{¶ 2} The parties were married on December 6, 2007, and subsequently resided
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together in Trenton, Ohio. Two daughters were born as issue of the marriage: the elder in
July 2008, and the younger in June 2011. The parties separated in 2012, and Craig took
temporary custody of the children. In July 2012, Craig filed a complaint for divorce, seeking
designation as the residential parent and legal custodian of the children.
{¶ 3} Two hearings were held in January and February 2013, during which both
parties agreed that Kristin abused prescription drugs throughout the first half of 2012. Craig
testified that this abuse created an unsafe environment for the children, and he presented
evidence that Kristin's drug issues led to her dismissal from two jobs for criminal behavior.
This behavior included theft from a resident at the nursing home where she worked until April
2012, and participation in the theft and forgery of a check from a co-worker at the grocery
store where she worked between April and June 2012. Craig also presented evidence of
Kristin's arrest in June 2012 at the marital residence for drug possession and child
endangerment, and several subsequent traffic violations.
{¶ 4} In July 2013, the trial court entered a decree of divorce awarding custody of the
children to Craig, imposing child support obligations on Kristin, dividing the marital property
between the two parties, and awarding Craig an additional $13,026.94 to equalize the
division. Craig now appeals, raising two assignments of error.
{¶ 5} Assignment of error No. 1:
{¶ 6} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED TO THE PREJUDICE OF APPELLANT BY
CALCULATING APPELLEE'S CHILD SUPPORT OBLIGATION BASED UPON IMPUTED
WAGES FOR ONLY TWENTY HOURS OF WORK PER WEEK.
{¶ 7} In his first assignment of error, Craig argues the trial court abused its discretion
by imputing potential income to Kristin for only 20 hours of work per week for the purpose of
calculating her child support obligation. He bases his argument, in part, on his allegations of
the trial court's mischaracterization of the evidence before it, including the court's references
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to Kristin as a licensed practical nurse (LPN) rather than a state tested nursing assistant
(STNA). He asserts that income must be imputed to Kristin based upon the hours and the
rate at the job for which she was terminated for her criminal behavior – he contends 35 hours
per week at $11 to $13 per hour – and her child support obligation recalculated on that basis.
{¶ 8} For the purpose of calculating child support obligations, a trial court must
determine the annual income for each parent. Reynolds-Cornett v. Reynolds, 12th Dist.
Butler No. CA2013-09-175, 2014-Ohio-2893, ¶ 10. For a parent who is unemployed or
underemployed, "income" consists of the sum of the gross income of the parent, and any
"potential income" of the parent. Id., citing R.C. 3119.01(C)(5)(b). If the trial court finds that
a parent is voluntarily underemployed or voluntarily unemployed, then it must consider the
nonexclusive list of criteria set forth in R.C. 3119.01(C)(11)(a) to determine the amount of
potential income to impute to the parent. Corwin v. Corwin, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2013-
01-005, 2013-Ohio-3996, ¶ 74. These criteria include such personal factors as the parent's
prior employment experience, skills, training, health, and earning capability. Id.
{¶ 9} The determinations of whether a party is voluntarily unemployed or voluntarily
underemployed, and the amount of income that should be imputed to her, if any, are factual
determinations to be made by the trial court based on the circumstances of each particular
case. Moore v. Moore, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2006-09-066, 2007-Ohio-4355, ¶ 67,
citing Rock v. Cabral, 67 Ohio St. 3d 108, 112 (1993). The trial court's determination on these
issues will not be disturbed on appeal absent an abuse of discretion. Vreeland v. Vreeland,
12th Dist. Butler No. CA2011-12-238, 2012-Ohio-4222, ¶ 13. An abuse of discretion
connotes more than an error of law or judgment; it implies the trial court's attitude is
unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St. 3d 217, 219
(1983).
{¶ 10} In the present case, the trial court determined that Kristin lost both of her last
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two jobs due to her criminal behavior. Based on this determination, the trial court found that
Kristin was voluntarily unemployed, and properly proceeded to an imputation of potential
income. See Hurley v. Austin, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99992, 2013-Ohio-5592, ¶ 16, citing
Groves v. Groves, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2008-06-059, 2009-Ohio-931, ¶ 21-24 (finding
that criminal convictions are voluntary acts that should not relieve individuals of their child
support obligations).
{¶ 11} In so doing, the trial court noted that Kristin's former job at the nursing home
paid her $12.50 to $13.00 an hour for between 10 and 32 hours of work per week. For the
purpose of imputing Kristin's potential income, the trial court adopted the nursing home's
wage rate of $12.50 per hour, but identified several reasons for multiplying it by only 20 hours
of work per week. For instance, the court speculated that Kristin's criminal behavior in the
course of her job at the nursing home likely placed her nursing license in jeopardy. Although
this conjecture may have been inaccurate as to Kristin's former position with the nursing
home – she served as an STNA, not an LPN – subsequent language in the court's analysis
clarifies the conjecture's import: Kristin clearly has serious issues affecting her earning
capability. In addition, the trial court determined that Kristin's earning capability would be
further limited during the period of incarceration or community control, and possibly more
substance abuse treatment, that she was due to receive after pleading guilty to two felony
charges in the days leading up to the final divorce hearing. Because there is no evidence on
the record that Kristin has any current ability to earn more than the amount imputed by the
trial court, we find no abuse of discretion. See Vreeland at ¶ 14.
{¶ 12} Craig's first assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 13} Assignment of error No. 2:
{¶ 14} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED TO THE PREJUDICE OF APPELLANT BY
FAILING TO AWARD AN EQUITABLE DIVISION OF MARITAL PROPERTY.
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{¶ 15} In his second assignment of error, Craig challenges the trial court's division of
property and distributive award on three grounds. He maintains that he was entitled to a
greater distributive award due to Kristin's financial misconduct, that the trial court failed to
consider the factors required by R.C. 3105.171(F) in making the division of marital property,
and that he was prejudiced by the trial court's failure to specify a deadline by which Kristin
must pay the distributive award.
{¶ 16} After granting a divorce, the trial court is required to divide and distribute the
marital estate equally between the parties, unless the court finds an equal division would be
inequitable. Williams v. Williams, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2012-08-074, 2013-Ohio-3318, ¶
54, citing R.C. 3105.171(C)(1). In effecting this task, the trial court must consider the
relevant factors in R.C. 3105.171(F). R.C. 3105.171(C)(1). In addition to dividing the marital
property, the trial court may also make a distributive award for such purposes as facilitating
the division of property, or compensating an offended spouse for the other spouse's financial
misconduct or failure to disclose pertinent financial information. R.C. 3105.171(E).
{¶ 17} Findings as to whether a party has engaged in financial misconduct are
reviewed pursuant to the manifest-weight-of-the-evidence standard. Robinson v. Robinson,
12th Dist. Warren No. CA2012-11-118, 2013-Ohio-4435, ¶ 14. Under this standard, the
reviewing court weighs the evidence and all reasonable inferences, considers the credibility
of witnesses, and determines whether in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the finder of fact
"'clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the [judgment]
must be reversed and a new trial ordered.'" (Alteration in original.) Id., quoting Eastley v.
Volkman, 132 Ohio St. 3d 328, 2012-Ohio-2179, ¶ 20. The burden of proving financial
misconduct is on the complaining party. Grow v. Grow, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2010-08-209,
2012-Ohio-1680, ¶ 103.
{¶ 18} Craig argues the trial court's finding that Kristin did not engage in financial
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misconduct is against the manifest weight of the evidence. However, the trial court heard
extensive testimony throughout the hearings on the couple's financial affairs during the
marriage. Although the trial court did not admit into evidence Craig's list of allegations of
Kristin's financial misconduct in 2011 and 2012, it did allow Craig to testify specifically as to
all of the instances listed. Moreover, Craig failed to provide additional documentary evidence
to corroborate his testimony regarding several of the alleged instances of misconduct.
Because the trial court was in the best position to weigh the credibility of the testimony and
evidence provided, we cannot say that its finding was against the manifest weight of the
evidence. Zollar v. Zollar, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2008-03-065, 2009-Ohio-1008, ¶ 17.
{¶ 19} As to Craig's other arguments, the trial court's division of marital property, as
well as the timeline for payment of the distributive award, are reviewed under an abuse of
discretion standard. Robinson, 2013-Ohio-4435 at ¶ 15; Dewsnap v. Dewsnap, 12th Dist.
Clermont No. CA2007-09-094, 2008-Ohio-4433, ¶ 13, 44. After granting a divorce, the trial
court is vested with broad discretion in determining the appropriate scope of property awards.
Flynn v. Flynn, 196 Ohio App. 3d 93, 2011-Ohio-4714, ¶ 37 (12th Dist.). Therefore, the
reviewing court should measure the trial court's adherence to the statutory requirements,
"'but should not substitute its judgment for that of the trier of fact unless, considering the
totality of the circumstances, it finds that the court abused its discretion.'" Id., quoting
Holcomb v. Holcomb, 44 Ohio St. 3d 128, 130-131 (1989).
{¶ 20} To facilitate meaningful appellate review of its property division and, if
applicable, its grant of a distributive award, the trial court is required to "make written findings
of fact that support the determination that the marital property has been equitably divided * *
*." R.C. 3105.171(G); Williams, 2013-Ohio-3318 at ¶ 55. This requirement is satisfied when
the reviewing court is able to ascertain the requisite information from the record. Williams at
¶ 55.
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{¶ 21} Based upon the record before us, we are unable to ascertain whether the trial
court properly considered the relevant factors in R.C. 3105.171(F) in making the division of
marital property. We therefore find that the trial court's decision fails to comply with the
requirements of R.C. 3105.171(G). Mannerino v. Mannerino, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2010-
08-210, 2012-Ohio-1592, ¶ 20. Accordingly, we reverse the judgment of the trial court in
part, and remand this cause to the trial court to reconsider its division of marital property and
make the written findings of fact required by R.C. 3105.171(F) and (G).
{¶ 22} In so holding, we acknowledge Craig's legitimate concern regarding the trial
court's omission of a deadline by which Kristin must pay the distributive award. On its own,
this omission does not constitute an abuse of discretion warranting reversal. Dewsnap,
2008-Ohio-4433 at ¶ 44. Nevertheless, while this cause is before the trial court to remedy
the foregoing defect, we note that it is the better practice for courts to provide parties to a
divorce with a deadline by which they may enforce their respective awards.
{¶ 23} Craig's second assignment of error is overruled in part, and sustained in part.
{¶ 24} Judgment affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded to the trial court for
action consistent with this opinion.
RINGLAND, P.J., and PIPER, J., concur.
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