State v. Henson , 2014 Ohio 3994 ( 2014 )

[Cite as State v. Henson, 2014-Ohio-3994.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
BUTLER COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, : CASE NO. CA2013-12-221
: OPINION
- vs - 9/15/2014
:
ALFRED WAYNE HENSON, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
CRIMINAL APPEAL FROM BUTLER COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
Case No. CR2013-07-1147
Michael T. Gmoser, Butler County Prosecuting Attorney, Lina N. Alkamhawi, Government
Services Center, 315 High Street, 11th Floor, Hamilton, Ohio 45011, for plaintiff-appellee
Scott N. Blauvelt, 246 High Street, Hamilton, Ohio 45011, for defendant-appellant
HENDRICKSON, P.J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Alfred Wayne Henson, appeals his conviction in the Butler
County Court of Common Pleas for sexual battery, arguing that his guilty plea was not
knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily entered because the trial court misinformed him of the
community notification requirements for a Tier III sex offender. For the reasons discussed
below, appellant's plea is vacated and the matter is remanded to the trial court for further
proceedings.
Butler CA2013-12-221
{¶ 2} In September 2013, appellant was indicted on one count of sexual battery in
violation of R.C. 2907.03(A)(2). Appellant entered a guilty plea to the charge on September
26, 2013. Prior to accepting appellant's guilty plea, the trial court conducted a Crim.R. 11
colloquy, advising appellant of the various rights he was waiving and informing him of the
potential maximum sentence he faced. The court also informed appellant that by pleading
guilty he would be considered a Tier III sex offender, but would not be subject to mandatory
community notification. Specifically, the court advised appellant as follows:
THE COURT: Okay. Mr. Henson, it's the Court's understanding
this morning that you will enter a plea of guilty to sexual battery.
Sexual battery is a felony in the third degree. Under Ohio law,
the maximum possible sentence the court would impose would
be five years in prison and a $7,500 fine. Do you understand
that?
THE DEFENDANT: Yes.
THE COURT: Now, in addition to that, he would be considered to
be a Tier II offender?
[THE PROSECUTOR]: Tier III, Your Honor.
THE COURT: Tier III offender. What that means under Ohio law
is that there will be a requirement that you must register for you -
- the rest of your life, every three months, in the community in
which you live, the county in which you live, and I believe that this
does not carry a mandatory public notification or does it?
[THE PROSECUTOR]: I don't believe it does, Your Honor.
THE COURT: I don't believe it does.
[THE PROSECUTOR]: Just has sexual offender, - -
THE COURT: Yeah.
[THE PROSECUTOR]: - - or excuse me, sexual battery.
THE COURT: Yeah. So, do you understand that?
THE DEFENDANT: Yes.
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(Emphasis added.) Appellant indicated he understood the consequences of pleading guilty
and executed a "Plea of Guilty and Jury Waiver" form (hereafter, "plea form"). The plea form
did not mention appellant's sex offender status or sex offender reporting and notification
requirements.
{¶ 3} Appellant was sentenced on October 23, 2013. At this time, the trial court
provided appellant with an "Explanation of Duties to Register as a Sex Offender or Child
Victim Offender" form (hereafter "explanation of duties form") and advised appellant as
follows about his sex offender reporting and notification requirements:
THE COURT: Okay. Mr. Henson has previously been found
guilty of sexual battery. I believe that's a Tier II offender?
[THE PROSECUTOR]: Tier III.
THE COURT: Tier III offender. So what that means, Mr.
Henson, the Court has previously indicated to you that you are
required to register for your lifetime, every 90 days in the county
in which you live. I believe he is not subject to community
notification. Is that correct?
[THE PROSECUTOR]: I believe that's correct.
THE COURT: Okay. Do you understand all that?
THE DEFENDANT: I mean, what's community notification
means.
[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: It doesn't get published.
THE COURT: Means it doesn't get published. Okay?
THE DEFENDANT: Okay.
THE COURT: Here is a - - [defense counsel], why don't you have
him study that notification. We'll give him a copy of that.
***
[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: He signed the notification, Your Honor.
THE COURT: Okay. He signed it and I'll give him a copy back.
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***
THE COURT: He has signed it; part of the record. We'll file that,
unless you want to.
[THE PROSECUTOR]: No, Judge. Thank you.
(Emphasis added.)1 The explanation of duties form contained a check-marked box indicating
appellant was classified as a Tier III sex offender. The box immediately following the Tier III
sex offender classification box was also check-marked. This box specifically provided "Not
Subject to Community Notification pursuant to O.R.C. 2950.11(F)(2)." The form was signed
by both appellant and the trial court judge. Thereafter, the trial court imposed a 36-month
prison term and advised appellant he was subject to five years of mandatory postrelease
control following his release from prison.
{¶ 4} Appellant timely appealed his conviction, raising as his sole assignment of error
the following:
{¶ 5} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED TO THE PREJUDICE OF APPELLANT IN ITS
ACCEPTANCE OF A GUILTY PLEA WHICH WAS NOT KNOWING, INTELLIGENT, AND
VOLUNTARY, IN VIOLATION OF APPELLANT'S DUE PROCESS RIGHTS UNDER THE
FIFTH AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION
AND ARTICLE 1, SECTION 16 OF THE OHIO CONSTITUTION.
{¶ 6} Appellant argues his guilty plea to sexual battery was not knowingly,
intelligently, and voluntarily made as he was not advised of the maximum penalty he faced
during the plea colloquy. Appellant contends that because the sex offender tier level
classification and corresponding requirements of the Adam Walsh Child Protection and
1. The trial court neglected to file the "Explanation of Duties to Register as a Sex Offender or Child Victim
Offender" form with the clerk of courts, and the document was omitted from the record on appeal. This court sua
sponte supplemented the record to include this form on August 26, 2014. State v. Henson, 12th Dist. Butler No.
CA2013-12-221 (Aug. 26, 2014) (Sua Sponte Entry Supplementing the Record on Appeal).
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Safety Act, R.C. Chapter 2950, constitute punishment, he must have been advised of the
correct registration, community notification, and verification requirements pursuant to Crim.R.
11(C)(2)(a) before he could knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily enter a guilty plea. As the
trial court incorrectly told appellant, both at the plea hearing and at the sentencing hearing,
that he would not be subject to the community notifications set forth in R.C. 2950.11(F)(1) as
part of his Tier III sex offender status, appellant argues his plea should be vacated and his
conviction reversed. The state, on the other hand, argues that the trial court substantially
complied with informing appellant of his Tier III registration and notification requirements.
The state contends that appellant's plea should not be vacated as appellant cannot establish
he was prejudiced by the trial court's incorrect statement that he was not subject to
community notification.
{¶ 7} Before addressing whether appellant's plea was knowingly, intelligently, and
voluntarily entered, we must first determine whether appellant, as a Tier III sex offender, was
subject to community notification. R.C. 2950.11(F)(1)(a) provides that "[e]xcept as provided
in division (F)(2) of this section, the duties to provide the notices described in divisions (A)
and (C) of this section [including community notification] apply regarding any offender * * *
who is a tier III sex offender." (Emphasis added.) The exception to community notification
set forth in R.C. 2950.11(F)(2) applies only if "a court finds at a hearing after considering the
factors described in this division that the person would not be subject to the notification
provisions of this section that were in the version of this section that existed immediately prior
to January 1, 2008." R.C. 2950.11(F)(2). In determining whether a person would have been
subject to the notification provisions under the prior law, the court must consider the factors
set forth in R.C. 2950.11(F)(2)(a)-(k). These factors include, among other things, the age of
the offender, the offender's prior criminal record, the age of the victim or victims, whether
drugs or alcohol were used to impair the victim before the sexual offense was committed,
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and whether the offender suffers from a mental illness or disability.
{¶ 8} Having examined the record in the present case, it is apparent that the trial
court did not comply with the requirements of R.C. 2950.11(F)(2) so as to exclude appellant
from community notification. The trial court did not engage in a discussion or weighing of the
factors set forth in R.C. 2950.11(F)(2)(a)-(k) at the sentencing hearing; nor did the court hold
a separate hearing to discuss such factors. Although the trial court repeatedly stated
appellant was not subject to community notification, it is clear that such statements resulted
from the court's confusion as to whether appellant was to be classified as a Tier II or Tier III
sex offender and the resulting community notification requirements accompanying each
offender status. Accordingly, as the trial court failed to comply with R.C. 2950.11(F)(2), we
conclude that appellant, as a Tier III sex offender, is subject to community notification
pursuant to R.C. 2950.11(F)(1).
{¶ 9} We must therefore determine what affect, if any, the trial court's incorrect
statements regarding community notification has on the validity of appellant's plea.
{¶ 10} "When a defendant enters a guilty plea in a criminal case, the plea must be
made knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily, and the failure on any of those points renders
enforcement of the plea unconstitutional under both the United States Constitution and the
Ohio Constitution." State v. Butcher, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2012-10-206, 2013-Ohio-3081,
¶ 8, citing State v. Douglass, 12th Dist. Butler Nos. CA2008-07-168 and CA2008-08-199,
2009-Ohio-3826, ¶ 9. To ensure that a defendant's plea is knowing, voluntary, and
intelligent, the trial court must engage the defendant in a colloquy pursuant to Crim.R. 11(C).
Id.; State v. Clark, 119 Ohio St.3d 239, 2008-Ohio-3748, ¶ 25-26. Pursuant to Crim.R.
11(C)(2), the trial court may not accept a guilty plea without first addressing the defendant
personally and:
(a) Determining that the defendant is making the plea voluntarily,
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with understanding of the nature of the charges and of the
maximum penalty involved, and if applicable, that the defendant
is not eligible for probation or for the imposition of community
control sanctions at the sentencing hearing.
(b) Informing the defendant of and determining that the defendant
understands the effect of the plea of guilty or no contest, and that
the court, upon acceptance of the plea, may proceed with
judgment and sentence.
(c) Informing the defendant and determining that the defendant
understands that by the plea the defendant is waiving the rights to
jury trial, to confront witnesses against him or her, to have
compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in the defendant's
favor, and to require the state to prove the defendant's guilt
beyond a reasonable doubt at a trial at which the defendant
cannot be compelled to testify against himself or herself.
{¶ 11} The rights found in Crim.R. 11 have been divided into constitutional and
nonconstitutional rights. State v. Manis, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2011-03-059, 2012-Ohio-
3753, ¶ 12. As for the nonconstitutional notifications found in Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) and (b),
which includes notification of the maximum penalty, "a trial court's 'substantial compliance'
during the plea colloquy is sufficient for a valid plea." Butcher at ¶ 9, quoting State v.
Seymore, 12th Dist. Butler Nos. CA2011-07-131 and CA2011-07-143, 2012-Ohio-3125, ¶ 10.
See also State v. Veney, 120 Ohio St.3d 176, 2008-Ohio-5200, ¶ 14. Under a substantial
compliance standard, "a slight deviation from the text of the rule is permissible, so long as the
totality of the circumstances indicates that the defendant subjectively understands the
implications of his plea and the rights he is waiving." State v. Phillips, 12th Dist. Butler No.
CA2008-05-126, 2009-Ohio-1448, ¶ 13, citing Clark, 2008-Ohio-3748 at ¶ 31.
{¶ 12} When the trial court does not substantially comply with Crim.R. 11 in regards to
a nonconstitutional right, the reviewing court must determine whether the trial court partially
complied or failed to comply with the rule. Phillips at ¶ 14; Clark at ¶ 32. If the trial court
partially complied, the plea may be vacated only if the defendant demonstrates a prejudicial
effect—that he would not have entered the plea. Phillips at ¶ 15; Clark at ¶ 32. However,
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where "the trial judge completely failed to comply with the rule * * * the plea must be
vacated." Id. Further, "[a] complete failure to comply with the rule does not implicate an
analysis of prejudice." Id., citing State v. Sarkozy, 117 Ohio St.3d 86, 2008-Ohio-509, ¶ 22.
{¶ 13} We have previously found that the registration and notification requirements set
forth in R.C. Chapter 2950 are part of the penalty imposed upon a defendant, and that
"Crim.R. 11 obligates a trial court to advise a defendant of the basic requirements under R.C.
Chapter 2950 before accepting a guilty plea." Butcher, 2013-Ohio-3081 at ¶ 11. See also
State v. Williams, 129 Ohio St.3d 324, 2011-Ohio-3374, ¶ 16 (finding the current version of
R.C. Chapter 2950, 2007 Am.Sub.S.B. No. 10, punitive rather than remedial). We have
further held that a trial court is not required to review each of the numerous individual
restrictions and requirements set forth in R.C. Chapter 2950 to substantially comply with
Crim.R. 11. See Butcher at ¶ 11. However, where a trial court reviews a specific
requirement set forth in Chapter R.C. 2950, such as the requirement for community
notification, the trial court is under an obligation to provide accurate information to the
defendant. Where a trial court affirmatively misadvises a defendant about his reporting and
notification requirements under R.C. Chapter 2950, the trial court has failed to comply with
the requirements of Crim.R. 11(C), and the defendant need not show prejudice to have his
plea vacated. See, e.g., Phillips, 2009-Ohio-1448 at ¶ 19 (vacating a defendant's plea where
the trial court affirmatively misadvised the defendant as to his eligibility to serve a community
control sanction rather than a prison sentence); State v. Hendrix, 12th Dist. Butler No.
CA2012-12-265, 2013-Ohio-4978, ¶ 26-33 (vacating a defendant's plea where the trial court
affirmatively misinformed the defendant about his eligibility for earned credit and judicial
release).
{¶ 14} Here, the record reflects that the trial court failed to comply with Crim.R. 11(C)
as it affirmatively misadvised appellant about his community notification requirements. At
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both the plea hearing and the sentencing hearing, the trial court incorrectly informed
appellant that he would not be subject to community notification. Further, the explanation of
duties form executed by appellant at the sentencing hearing also incorrectly advised
appellant that he was not subject to community notification. Based on the trial court's
inaccurate information, we find that appellant could not have subjectively understood the
community notification requirements set forth in R.C. Chapter 2950 at the time he entered his
guilty plea. Appellant, therefore, need not show prejudice to have his plea vacated. See
Phillips at ¶ 15-19; Hendrix at ¶ 33.
{¶ 15} Accordingly, for the reasons discussed above, appellant's sole assignment of
error is sustained.
{¶ 16} Appellant's plea is vacated and this matter is reversed and remanded to the trial
court for further proceedings consistent with the law and in accordance with this Opinion.
PIPER and M. POWELL, JJ., concur.
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