State v. Myers , 2021 Ohio 1037 ( 2021 )

[Cite as State v. Myers, 2021-Ohio-1037.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
State of Ohio, :
No. 20AP-59
Plaintiff-Appellee, : (C.P.C. No. 14CR-1991)
No. 20AP-60
v. : (C.P.C. No. 17CR-808)
Marvin E. Myers, : (REGULAR CALENDAR)
Defendant-Appellant. :
D E C I S I O N
Rendered on March 30, 2021
On brief: G. Gary Tyack, Prosecuting Attorney, and Steven L.
Taylor, for appellee.
On brief: Marvin E. Myers, pro se.
APPEALS from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas
BROWN, J.
{¶ 1} In these consolidated appeals, defendant-appellant, Marvin E. Myers,
appeals from a judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas denying his
motion for jail-time credit in Franklin C.P. case Nos. 14CR-1991 and 17CR-808.
{¶ 2} The following background facts relating to appellant's convictions in case
Nos. 14CR-1991 and 17CR-808 are taken primarily from this court's decision in State v.
Myers, 10th Dist. No. 19AP-178, 2019-Ohio-4592, in which we addressed appellant's first
motion for jail-time credit in the underlying cases. On April 16, 2014, appellant "was
indicted in case No. 14CR-1991 on one count of failure to provide notice of change of
address, in violation of R.C. 2950.05." Id. at ¶ 2. According to the indictment, the alleged
Nos. 20AP-59 and 20AP-60 2
conduct by appellant occurred "from March 11 to April 2, 2014," and "the basis of the duty
to register was a 2009 conviction for gross sexual imposition." Id.
{¶ 3} On April 18, 2014, appellant entered a plea of not guilty; that entry "indicated
appellant was arrested on April 2, 2014." Id. at ¶ 3. Appellant was "released from jail on
bond in case No. 14CR-1991" on May 12, 2014. Id. Pursuant to a trial court entry filed May
22, 2014, "appellant's trial date of June 5 was continued to July 22, 2014." Id. On June 11,
2014, the court "ordered appellant's conveyance from the Correctional Reception Center to
the Franklin County Corrections Center to await trial in case No. 14CR-1991." Id. The July
2014 trial date was continued several times.
{¶ 4} Appellant sent correspondence to the trial court from Orient Correctional
Institution "[i]n a letter dated September 11, 2014." Id. at ¶ 4. On October 8, 2014, a
warrant was filed indicating appellant was "in the custody of the Warden of the Pickaway
Correctional Institution." Id. An October 2014 trial date "was continued for trial for
November 24, 2014." Id. However, on November 24, 2014, "new counsel was appointed
for appellant, and the trial date was continued." Id. On July 16, 2015, a continuance entry
was filed indicating "appellant was required to be transported from PCI (Pickaway
Correctional Institution)." Id.
{¶ 5} A continuance entry, filed September 16, 2015, "stated a new case may be
indicted." Id. at ¶ 5. Pursuant to an entry filed October 20, 2015, "the case was continued
to be set with new indictment in case No. 15CR-4844." Id. A continuance entry was filed
on September 27, 2016, "indicating appellant had been indicted on new case." Id. In
addition to case Nos. 14CR-1991 and 15CR-4844, "[a] new case number (16CR-5260)
appeared in the filings." Id.
{¶ 6} On February 8, 2017, appellant was indicted in case No. 17CR-808 on five
counts of rape, in violation of R.C. 2907.02, and four counts of sexual battery, in violation
of R.C. 2907.03. That indictment "alleged conduct occurring from December 1 and 8,
2014." Id. at ¶ 6.
{¶ 7} On September 10, 2018, appellant entered a guilty plea in case No. 14CR-1991
to one count of failure to provide notice of change of address; also on that date, he "entered
a guilty plea in case No. 17CR-808 to Count 5 (sexual battery), a felony of the third degree,
and to Count 9 (sexual battery), a stipulated lesser-included offense." Id. at ¶ 7. The trial
Nos. 20AP-59 and 20AP-60 3
court, by entry filed September 11, 2018, "imposed a sentence of 24 months in case No.
14CR-1991 to be served concurrent with the sentence in case No. 17CR-808." Id. at ¶ 8.
The court's entry "granted appellant 1,027 days of jail-time credit in case No. 14CR-1991."
Id.
{¶ 8} By entry also filed September 11, 2018, the trial court "entered sentence in
case No. 17CR-808, imposing a sentence of 36 months each on Counts 5 and 9, to be served
consecutive to each other, but concurrent to the sentence in case No. 14CR-1991." Id. at ¶
9. The court "granted appellant jail-time credit of 1,027 days in case No. 17CR-808." Id.
{¶ 9} On February 7, 2019, appellant filed with the trial court "a pro se motion for
jail-time credit, styled under case Nos. 14CR-1991 and 17CR-808." Id. at ¶ 10. In that
motion, appellant asserted in part: "[d]efendant states that he did not recieeive [sic] all the
jail-time credit to which he was entitled to Defendant was held on these cases 04/02/2014
to 11/25/2014 in the Franklin County Corr. Cent." Id. at ¶ 10. Appellant sought "an
additional 300 days of jail-time credit." Id. Attached to his motion was a one-page
"Franklin County Arrest Record." Id.
{¶ 10} Plaintiff-appellee, State of Ohio, opposed the motion for jail-time credit. By
entries filed February 25, 2019, "the trial court denied appellant's request for jail-time
credit in both case Nos. 14CR-1991 and 17CR-808." Id. at ¶ 11.
{¶ 11} Appellant appealed pro se to this court from the trial court's entries denying
his request for jail-time credit in both cases. Appellant raised five assignments of error,
including claims the trial court erred in declining to correct his jail-time credit to reflect the
correct number of days of confinement he was entitled (first assignment of error), that the
court failed to properly calculate the correct number of days of jail-time credit (third
assignment of error), and that his trial counsel was ineffective in failing to challenge the
number of jail-time credit days awarded (fourth assignment of error).
{¶ 12} In Myers, this court determined appellant "failed to meet his burden of
demonstrating 'error through the record,' including a failure to explain how he is entitled
to 300 additional days of jail-time credit." Id. at ¶ 23. This court thus concluded the trial
court did not err in denying the motion for jail-time credit, and we overruled all five
assignments of error and affirmed the judgment of the trial court.
Nos. 20AP-59 and 20AP-60 4
{¶ 13} On May 10, 2019, appellant filed with the trial court a pro se "motion for
judicial review of jail time credit" in both case Nos. 14CR-1991 and 17CR-808. On May 15,
2019, the state filed a memorandum in opposition to appellant's motion for jail-time credit.
By decision and entry filed May 20, 2019, the trial court denied appellant's motion.
Appellant did not appeal that decision.
{¶ 14} On December 20, 2019, appellant filed a third motion for jail-time credit in
case Nos. 14CR-1991 and 17CR-808 asserting he was entitled to 697 days of jail-time credit.
On December 23, 2019, the state filed a memorandum in opposition to the motion for jail-
time credit arguing appellant's current motion failed to indicate any error and it constituted
an improper successive motion that was barred under the doctrine of res judicata. By
decision and entry filed January 8, 2020, the trial court denied appellant's motion for jail-
time credit in both cases on grounds of res judicata.
{¶ 15} On appeal, appellant, pro se, has filed the following "propositions of law"
which we construe as assignments of error:
[I.] The trial court denied the defendant-appellant due process
and equal protection under the law where it failed to calculate
and credit the defendant's confinement (jail-time) credit and
prior incarceration in its sentencing entry.
[II.] The trial court abused its discretion and denied Mr. Myers
Due Process and Equal Protection of the law when it failed to
consider the merits of his motion for jail-time credit, in
violation of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the
United States Constitution, and R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(g)(iii) and
the Ohio Constitution.
[III.] What is the [APA's] responsibility to credit time served
in confinement in light of [R.C. 2929.23 and R.C. 2967.191].
[IV.] Appellant has met the burden of demonstrating "error
through record."
[V.] The trial court commits plain error by failing to grant
appellant's jail time credit under [Ohio Rev. Code §] 2967.191
and include it in the sentence entry, violating Ohio Constitution
Article I, Section 10 and United States Constitution Article 14
Amendment and Equal Protection Clause. Court's attitude is
unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable towards the issues
in this case. The trial court abused its discretion by its failure
to properly calculate the correct number of days of jail time
Nos. 20AP-59 and 20AP-60 5
credit the appellant is entitled to and to incorporate the days in
the journal entry. Thereby, leaving it up to the Appellant to
figure out his own JTC time.
[VI.] Petitioner was denied effective assistance of trial counsel
denying his due process rights guaranteed by the Sixth and
Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution.
{¶ 16} In general, an appellate court reviews a trial court's denial of a motion to
correct jail-time credit "under the abuse of discretion standard." State v. Fisher, 10th Dist.
No. 16AP-402, 2016-Ohio-8501, ¶ 9. As noted, the trial court's denial of appellant's motion
for jail-time credit was based on the application of the doctrine of res judicata. That
doctrine "prevents repeated attacks on a final judgment and applies to issues that were or
might have been previously litigated." State v. Sneed, 8th Dist. No. 84964, 2005-Ohio-
1865, ¶ 16, citing State v. Brown, 8th Dist. No. 84322, 2004-Ohio-6421. Further, "[r]es
judicata ' "applies to bar raising piecemeal claims" ' in successive motions filed after the
defendant is convicted." State v. Battin, 10th Dist. No. 18AP-888, 2019-Ohio-2195, ¶ 13,
quoting State v. Long, 5th Dist. No. 17CA15, 2017-Ohio-2848, ¶ 16, quoting State v. Kent,
4th Dist. No. 02CA21, 2003-Ohio-6156, ¶ 6.
{¶ 17} We initially consolidate for review appellant's first and second assignments
of error which raise somewhat related issues. Specifically, under these assignments of
error, appellant asserts the trial court erred: (1) by applying the doctrine of res judicata to
deny his motion for jail-time credit, and (2) in failing to consider the merits of his motion
for jail-time credit. In response, the state maintains, as it did before the trial court, that the
doctrine of res judicata bars successive motions for jail-time credit.
{¶ 18} R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(h)(iii) provides in part as follows:
The sentencing court retains continuing jurisdiction to correct
any error not previously raised at sentencing in making a
determination under division (B)(2)(h)(i) of this section. The
offender may, at any time after sentencing, file a motion in the
sentencing court to correct any error made in making a
determination under division (B)(2)(h)(i) of this section, and
the court may in its discretion grant or deny that motion.
Nos. 20AP-59 and 20AP-60 6
{¶ 19} Before the passage (in 2012) of the above statutory provision,1 "an offender
was able to seek correction of an error made in determining jail-time credit only on direct
appeal." State v. Thompson, 147 Ohio St.3d 29, 2016-Ohio-2769, ¶ 11. Thus, "[m]otions to
correct errors made in determining jail-time credit filed outside the time allowed for direct
appeal were barred by the doctrine of res judicata." State v. Smith, 11th Dist. No. 2016-L-
107, 2017-Ohio-4124, ¶ 11, citing State v. Spillan, 10th Dist. No. 06AP-50, 2006-Ohio-4788,
¶ 12.
{¶ 20} In accordance with R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(h)(iii), a defendant is "no longer
required to contest a trial court's calculation of his jail-time credit in a direct appeal of his
conviction; even if no appeal is pursued, the issue can still be asserted in a post-judgment
motion." State v. Watson, 11th Dist. No. 2017-T-0047, 2017-Ohio-8631, ¶ 8. Ohio courts
have made clear, however, "this does not mean that res judicata has no application to
motions to correct jail-time credit." State v. Tapp, 8th Dist. No. 106904, 2018-Ohio-4120,
¶ 13.
{¶ 21} More specifically, "[s]imply because res judicata does not operate to bar an
initial, post-sentence motion for jail-time credit," courts have held such fact "does not imply
the doctrine is inapplicable to successive motions." (Emphasis sic.) Smith at ¶ 12. Thus,
Ohio appellate courts addressing this issue have held that "res judicata applies to successive
motions for jail-time credit." State v. Cretella, 11th Dist. No. 2018-T-0014, 2018-Ohio-
3245, ¶ 10 (following trial court's denial of defendant's first motion for jail-time credit,
which appellate court affirmed, res judicata barred second and third motions for jail-time
credit). See also Tapp at ¶ 13-14 (following trial court's denial of appellant's first motion
for jail-time credit seeking 220 days credit, which appellant did not appeal, res judicata
barred second motion seeking 69 days of jail-time credit); State v. Guiterres, 11th Dist. No.
2015-T-0116, 2016-Ohio-5572, ¶ 12 (although appellant's second motion for jail-time credit
raised new argument as to why he was entitled to the credit, "res judicata covers any point
or argument that either was or could have been raised during the first proceeding on the
issue"); Smith at ¶ 12 ("No injustice will result if res judicata is applied to bar appellant's
1Formerly R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(g)(iii) (effective Sept. 10, 2012), "now codified as R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(h)(iii) "
(effective Mar. 22, 2019). State v. Nichols, 2d Dist. No. 2020-CA-2, 2020-Ohio-4596, ¶ 17.
Nos. 20AP-59 and 20AP-60 7
second motion" for jail-time credit where appellant failed to appeal the trial court's denial
of his first motion.).2
{¶ 22} We find persuasive those decisions by Ohio appellate courts finding the
doctrine of res judicata applicable to successive motions for jail-time credit. In the present
case, as set forth under the facts, this court considered the merits of appellant's first appeal
from the trial court's denial of his initial motion for jail-time credit. In that appeal, we
affirmed the judgment of the trial court finding appellant "failed to meet his burden of
demonstrating 'error through the record,' including a failure to explain how he is entitled
to 300 additional days of jail-time credit." Myers at ¶ 23. Following this court's decision
affirming the trial court's judgment, appellant filed a second motion for jail-time credit.
The trial court denied the motion for jail-time credit, and appellant failed to file a notice of
appeal from the denial of that second motion.
{¶ 23} In the instant appeal, involving appellant's third motion for jail-time credit,
the trial court denied the motion on res judicata grounds. On review, we find the trial court
did not err in denying appellant's successive motion for jail-time credit based on the
doctrine of res judicata. Accordingly, appellant's first and second assignments of error are
not well-taken and are overruled.
{¶ 24} Based on our disposition of the first and second assignments of error, finding
the trial court did not err in denying the successive motion for jail-time credit as barred by
res judicata, the issues raised under appellant's remaining assignments of error are
rendered moot. See App.R. 12(A)(1)(c); Battin at ¶ 20, citing App.R. 12(A)(1)(c) (overruling
appellant's assignment of error challenging application of res judicata to his latest motion,
and finding remaining assignments of error moot); State v. Franklin, 4th Dist. No. 05CA9,
2006-Ohio-1198, ¶ 14 (overruling assignment of error on the basis appellant's claims were
barred from consideration by res judicata and holding that remaining assignments of error
2 In State v. Bryant, 10th Dist. No. 19AP-241, 2020-Ohio-363, this court discussed the application of res
judicata with respect to successive motions for jail-time credit in a case in which one judge concurred in
judgment only and one judge dissented. Although a plurality opinion and, therefore, lacking in precedential
value, we note that two members of that panel agreed with appellate courts from other jurisdictions applying
the doctrine of res judicata to successive motions. See id. at ¶ 32 (Nelson, J., concurring in judgment only) ("I
believe that a merits decision on a motion for jail-time credit has res judicata effect foreclosing subsequent
such motions even if advanced on different rationales."); Id. at ¶ 45 (Sadler, P.J., dissenting.) ("I would hold
res judicata barred substantive review of [defendant's] third motion for jail-time credit" based on agreement
with "the reasoning employed by" line of appellate cases holding that doctrine of res judicata "precludes
substantive review of the successive motion.").
Nos. 20AP-59 and 20AP-60 8
regarding merits of motion "are moot and can be disregarded pursuant to App.R.
12(A)(1)(c)").
{¶ 25} Accordingly, appellant's first and second assignments of error are overruled,
the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth assignments of error are rendered moot, and the judgment
of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
KLATT and SADLER, JJ., concur.
___________________