Portis-Phillips v. Phillips , 2016 Ohio 7803 ( 2016 )

[Cite as Portis-Phillips v. Phillips, 2016-Ohio-7803.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
CLARK COUNTY
KHALILAH PORTIS-PHILLIPS :
:
Plaintiff-Appellant : C.A. CASE NO. 2016-CA-34
:
v. : T.C. NO. 14DR414
:
JASON L. PHILLIPS : (Civil Appeal from Common Pleas
: Court, Domestic Relations)
Defendant-Appellee :
:
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OPINION
Rendered on the ____18th__ day of _____November_____, 2016.
...........
VALERIE JUERGENS WILT, Atty. Reg. No. 0040413, 333 N. Limestone Street, Suite
202A, Springfield, Ohio 45503
Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellant
SAMUEL J. PETROFF, Atty. Reg. No.0014983, One S. Limestone Street, Suite 1000,
Springfield, Ohio 45502
Attorney for Defendant-Appellee
.............
FROELICH, J.
{¶ 1} Khalilah Portis-Phillips appeals from a final judgment and decree of divorce
entered by the Clark County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, which
resolved numerous issues related to the end of her marriage to Jason Phillips and
designated Mr. Phillips as the legal custodian and residential parent of the parties’ child.
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Ms. Portis-Phillips challenges several aspects of the trial court’s judgment on appeal.
For the following reasons, the judgment of the trial court will be reversed and remanded
with respect to the effective date of the child support order; the judgment will be affirmed
in all other respects.
I. Facts and Procedural History
{¶ 2} The parties were married on February 5, 2012, and one child, a daughter,
was born during their marriage. Ms. Portis-Phillips filed for divorce on May 22, 2014, at
which time the child was two years old. Pursuant to agreed temporary orders filed in
June 2014, the parties shared custody of the child and had similar amounts of time with
her while the divorce was pending. Ms. Portis-Phillips requested that she be designated
the custodial and residential parent, with visitation for Mr. Phillips. Mr. Phillips sought
shared parenting.
{¶ 3} A hearing on the disputed issues was held on three separate dates between
January and July, 2015. The magistrate entered its “judgment entry and decree of
divorce” on July 16, 2015. Ms. Portis-Phillips filed objections. The trial court overruled
the objections and adopted the magistrate’s decision, with one minor modification, on
November 4, 2015.1
{¶ 4} The following provisions of the divorce decree are at issue in this appeal: 1)
the court’s designation of Mr. Phillips as the custodial and residential parent; 2) the court’s
requirement that Ms. Portis-Phillips attend an anger management class; 3) the effective
date of the child support order; 4) the court’s determination that Mr. Phillips was entitled
1
There were subsequent issues regarding the finality of this order for purposes of appeal,
but these issues are not relevant here.
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to the tax exemption for the child for 2014 “and every tax year thereafter”; and 5) the date
used by the trial court for the end of the marriage.
II. Evidence Presented at the Hearing
{¶ 5} The parties’ separation and divorce were precipitated, to some extent, by
an event that occurred on April 15, 2014. That morning, Mr. Phillips expressed
frustration to Ms. Portis-Phillips that she had moved a stack of bills out of view, because
he needed to pay them soon. Also, Ms. Portis-Phillips was apparently angry because a
large portion of the parties’ tax refund recently had been garnished to repay some of Mr.
Phillips’s student loans. Due to their conflict, Ms. Portis-Phillips left the house in the late
morning and did not return until late afternoon.
{¶ 6} According to Mr. Phillips, he could smell alcoholic beverages on Ms. Portis-
Phillips when she returned to the house with food in the late afternoon. She stayed only
a short time, and left without speaking to Mr. Phillips. According to Ms. Portis-Phillips,
Mr. Phillips was still “visibly upset” when she returned to the house, so she left and went
to her brother-in-law’s house (Mr. Phillips’s brother, Willard). Willard’s wife had been in
the hospital and, according to Mr. Phillips, he (Mr. Phillips) had planned to visit Willard
that day, but Ms. Portis-Phillips’s absence with the couple’s only car had made that
impossible. The parties’ child had been home with Mr. Phillips throughout the day, and
Ms. Portis-Phillips had not responded to Mr. Phillips’s texts or calls during much of this
period.
{¶ 7} Around 8:00 p.m., Mr. Phillips learned that Ms. Portis-Phillips was at
Willard’s, and Willard reported to him that she was “pretty drunk.” Mr. Phillips asked his
sister, Tozyea, to pick Ms. Portis-Phillips up at Willard’s and take her home or wherever
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else she wanted, because Mr. Phillips was afraid she would drive while intoxicated.
Tozyea testified that Ms. Portis-Phillips was “cussing,” “yelling,” and “belligerent” when
she (Tozyea) arrived at Willard’s house. Ms. Portis-Phillips refused Tozyea’s offer of a
ride and drove off in her own car, saying that she was going to pick up her child.
{¶ 8} Ms. Portis-Phillips arrived at the couple’s home around midnight. She
yelled at Mr. Phillips and claimed that she was leaving with their child, who was asleep
upstairs. Mr. Phillips videoed Ms. Portis-Phillips’s actions with his cell phone and
followed her up the stairs, while trying to keep her from waking the child. According to
Mr. Phillips, while he was a few steps below Ms. Portis-Phillips on the stairs, she turned
around and struck him in the face; she also knocked his phone from his hand, causing it
to break apart at the bottom of the steps and “corrupting” some of his video of the
encounter up until that point. According to Ms. Portis-Phillips, she knocked Mr. Phillips’s
phone out of his hand but did not strike him. She also claimed that Mr. Phillips grabbed
her rings off of her fingers. Mr. Phillips, who was a Springfield police officer himself,
called the police. Ms. Portis-Phillips was arrested and taken to the police station.
{¶ 9} Police Officer Tyler Elliott, one of the officers who responded to the
Phillipses’ house on April 15, 2014, testified that Ms. Portis-Phillips smelled of alcoholic
beverages and spoke loudly and slowly. Elliott further testified that Ms. Portis-Phillips
did not make any claim that Mr. Phillips had struck or injured her at the house; rather, she
initially denied that any altercation had occurred. After she had been transported to the
jail, however, Ms. Portis-Phillips stated that Mr. Phillips had pushed on her throat and
grabbed her neck at the house. At the jail, Elliott noticed that Ms. Portis-Phillips had
what he believed to be “new injuries”; scratches and other marks had appeared on her
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neck while he was doing paperwork. Elliott believed that these injuries had been self-
inflicted while Ms. Portis-Phillips waited to be booked. Ms. Portis-Phillips was charged
with and eventually acquitted of domestic violence.
{¶ 10} After the April 15 altercation, Mr. Phillips obtained a civil protection order
(CPO) which prevented Ms. Portis-Phillips from coming to the house; he stated that he
was following the advice he gave to other victims of domestic violence that they should
get a CPO. (Ms. Portis-Phillips also obtained a CPO.) According to Mr. Phillips, he
initially allowed Ms. Portis-Phillips and her parents (with whom she then lived) to have
extended visits with their child, with the exchanges made through relatives; however,
several times when he arrived to pick up the child, no one was at the home or the child
was not there. Sgt. James Hall of the Springfield Police Department corroborated one
account testified to by Mr. Phillips; on that occasion, Mr. Phillips had arrived at the
grandparents’ home at the time he had expected to pick up the child, and no one
answered the door. Sgt. Hall was in the vicinity and came to the grandmother’s house.
After Sgt. Hall called Ms. Portis-Phillips at work, inquiring about the child’s whereabouts,
the grandmother did open the door. The grandmother testified that, on this occasion,
she had been in the back of the house bathing the child and had not heard Mr. Phillips
and Sgt. Hall knocking.
{¶ 11} Mr. Phillips stopped allowing the visits for several weeks out of fear that
the child would not be returned to him, until temporary orders were put into effect by the
court in June 2014. Once the temporary orders were in place, there were no further
problems with visitation.
{¶ 12} Ms. Portis-Phillips testified that the child had behavioral issues – such as
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seeing monsters, “wetting herself,” and stuttering -- after the several-week period in May
and June 2014 when the child did not see her mother. Ms. Portis-Phillips also testified
that she did not think the parties could cooperate or communicate well enough to share
parenting of the child. According to Ms. Portis-Phillips, she and Mr. Phillips
communicated only through texts. Ms. Portis-Phillips opined that Mr. Phillips should not
be the custodial parent for school because he “doesn’t make good decisions”; she also
expressed her view that the child would most likely be cared for by Mr. Phillips’s mother
at his home, rather than by Mr. Phillips. However, she acknowledged that Mr. Phillips
was an appropriate caregiver, had been flexible about visitation, and had even purchased
a flower for the child to give Ms. Portis-Phillips on Mother’s Day.
{¶ 13} Ms. Portis-Phillips’s mother and step-father testified at the hearing. They
stated that both parents cared for the child, denied that Ms. Portis-Phillips ever drank to
excess, and expressed concern that the parties were not able to cooperate enough to
facilitate a week-on, week-off parenting schedule.
{¶ 14} Mr. Phillips’s mother also testified that both parents cared for the child and
that the parties communicated poorly except through texting. She stated that she has
seen Ms. Portis-Phillips drinking, but not drunk, but that she would not necessarily know
because Ms. Portis-Phillips drinks in her bedroom. The paternal grandmother stated that
she is a “backup” babysitter when Mr. Phillips has custody of the child, but Mr. Phillips is
the primary caregiver.
{¶ 15} Mr. Phillips testified that both parents were involved in the primary care for
their child, but that he believed his home provided a more structured and stable
environment. He noted, however, that there was “no lack of love [for the child] on either
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side of the family.” He described some of the activities in which he engaged with the
child.
{¶ 16} Mr. Phillips stated that his biggest concern about Ms. Portis-Phillips was her
anger. “It’s not something [she] did on a daily or necessarily weekly basis, but it seems
like when [Ms. Portis-Phillips] was angry or frustrated about something, she drinks and
gets drunk,” and “when she drinks, her anger turns into violence.” Mr. Phillips testified
that, in addition to the April 15 incident about which extensive testimony was offered, he
and Ms. Portis-Phillips had had five or six other altercations in which she was drunk and
aggressive toward him. He also testified that it “scares him” that Ms. Portis-Phillips lies
to get what she wants or to get out of trouble. For example, Mr. Phillips stated that he
did not put his hands on Ms. Portis-Phillips or take her rings during the April 15 incident.
He cited this fear as the reason he only communicates with Ms. Portis-Phillips by text
message.
{¶ 17} The guardian ad litem testified that she had spoken with someone at
McKinley Hall, where Ms. Portis-Phillips had been evaluated, about Ms. Portis-Phillips’s
alcohol use2; that person did not think that Ms. Portis-Phillips had a problem with alcohol,
but did feel “she was using it incorrectly as a coping mechanism.” The guardian ad litem
also noted the parties’ poor communication and expressed concerns about weekly
exchanges of the child and about shared parenting under these circumstances. The
guardian ad litem recommended that Ms. Portis-Phillips be designated as the custodial
parent, because she (the guardian ad litem) believed that the six weeks during which Mr.
2The circumstances under which Ms. Portis-Phillips was evaluated at McKinley Hall are
unclear from the record.
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Phillips kept the child away from Ms. Portis-Phillips before the temporary orders were in
place had been “disruptive” to the child, considering that Ms. Portis-Phillips had been a
primary caretaker for the child up to that point.
III. Determination of Custodial and Residential Parent
{¶ 18} In her first assignment of error, Ms. Portis-Phillips contends that the trial
court abused its discretion in awarding custody to Mr. Phillips.
{¶ 19} Pursuant to R.C. 3109.04(F)(1), the trial court must consider all relevant
factors in determining the best interest of a child with respect to custody and visitation,
including, but not limited to: the wishes of the child’s parents; and wishes and concerns
of the child, the child’s interaction and interrelationship with his or her parents, siblings,
and any other person who may significantly affect the child’s best interest; the child’s
adjustment to home, school, and community; the mental and physical health of all persons
involved in the situation; the parent more likely to honor and facilitate parenting time or
visitation and companionship rights; whether either parent has failed to make all required
child support payments; whether either parent previously has been convicted of or
pleaded guilty to any criminal offense involving any act that resulted in a child being an
abused child or a neglected child; whether either parent has denied the other parent’s
right to parenting time in accordance with an order of the court; and whether either parent
has established a residence, or is planning to establish a residence, outside this state.
{¶ 20} In its judgment entry, the trial court conducted a detailed and lengthy
analysis of the statutory factors relevant to the best interest of a child and the allocation
of parental rights and responsibilities. With respect to the custody of the child, the trial
court found that both parents were bonded to the child and capable of being the primary
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caregiver. Both parents lived in suitable homes, worked outside the home, and had
appropriate child care arrangements for the child. The court found that neither parent
had been exemplary with regard to facilitating visitation, with Mr. Phillips withholding the
child from Ms. Portis-Phillips after the April 15 altercation and Ms. Portis-Phillips and her
family “conceal[ing]” the child at times before the temporary court orders were in effect.
{¶ 21} The trial court found that there was no testimony from a “mental health
professional” to substantiate any suggestion that Ms. Portis-Phillips was an alcoholic, but
that the evidence, including an alcohol assessment, did indicate that Ms. Portis-Phillips
has “a tendency to inappropriately use alcohol” when under stress. The court concluded
that both parties showed impulsivity and immaturity and had engaged in behavior that the
court “would characterize as controlling, verbally inappropriate and sometimes physically
inappropriate.” Regarding the April 15, 2014, argument, specifically, the court credited
the testimony that Ms. Portis-Phillips had been intoxicated and had struck Mr. Phillips, but
further found that Mr. Phillips had “not help[ed] the situation by videoing the argument
with his cell phone.”
{¶ 22} The court concluded that shared parenting was not a realistic option in the
foreseeable future because of the parties’ poor communication and cooperation. The
court stated that the custody determination was “a relatively close case.” The court
further concluded, based on the statutory factors, the “relative strengths and weaknesses
of each of the parents,” and other evidence presented that it was in the child’s best interest
to designate Mr. Phillips as the legal custodial and residential parent. Ms. Portis-Phillips
was given parenting time in accordance with the standard order of visitation.
{¶ 23} The trial court noted that several of the statutory factors, such as a history
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of either party abusing or neglecting the child or an intention by either party to move out
of state, were inapplicable to this case. The court also found that the child was not of an
age to give meaningful input on the issue of allocation of parental rights.
{¶ 24} A trial court enjoys broad discretion when determining the appropriate
allocation of parental rights and responsibilities. Miller v. Miller, 37 Ohio St. 3d 71, 74,
523 N.E.2d 846 (1988); Montei v. Montei, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2013 CA 24, 2013-Ohio-
5343, ¶ 28. Absent an abuse of that discretion, a reviewing court will affirm the custody
determination of the trial court. Miller at 74; Montei at ¶ 28. An abuse of discretion
means that a trial court’s decision is unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable.
Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St. 3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983).
{¶ 25} The evidence presented at the hearing supported the trial court’s
conclusions that both parties loved the child, were appropriate caregivers, and had
supportive families. The evidence also supported the conclusion that the parties did not
communicate effectively and that, for this reason, shared parenting was not feasible. As
between the two parents, the evidence of Ms. Portis-Phillips’s difficulty managing her
anger, her resorting to alcohol in response to her anger, and her apparent willingness,
while in an intoxicated state, to drive with the child in her car, provided reasonable bases
for the trial court conclusion that the child’s best interest would be served in Mr. Phillips’s
custody. We find no abuse of discretion.
{¶ 26} The first assignment of error is overruled.
IV. Anger Management Class
{¶ 27} In her second assignment of error, Ms. Portis-Phillips contends that the
trial court’s order requiring her to attend an anger management class was against the
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manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶ 28} The trial court’s judgment required that Ms. Portis-Phillips “immediately
enroll in and complete” an anger management class aimed at assisting people “in
controlling their emotions, identifying and managing stressors in a more positive manner”
and learning skills and techniques “designed to assist an individual in responding to
negative situations in a non-violent manner, and in communicating more effectively.”
{¶ 29} Evidence was presented at the hearing that Ms. Portis-Phillips became
aggressive and even violent and made poor choices after she had consumed alcohol,
and that she turned to alcohol when she was angry. For example, on April 15, 2014, Ms.
Portis-Phillips remained angry over the course of many hours over a dispute with Mr.
Phillips about her relocation of bills he was planning to pay and/or his default on student
loan payments, which led to the garnishment of the couple’s tax refund. She drank
alcoholic beverages in the afternoon and evening and, by the time she returned home,
was in a very agitated state. Ms. Portis-Phillips drove herself home while intoxicated,
notwithstanding an offer by her sister-in-law to drive her, and expressed an intention to
leave the home again by car with her daughter. This evidence, which was credited by
the trial court, provided ample support for the trial court’s requirement that Ms. Portis-
Phillips attend an anger management class.
{¶ 30} The second assignment of error is overruled.
V. Effective Date of Child Support
{¶ 31} Under the third assignment of error, Ms. Portis-Phillips contends that the
trial court abused its discretion in determining the effective date of its child support order.
Ms. Portis-Phillips does not dispute the appropriateness or amount of the child support
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order.
{¶ 32} The date chosen for the effective date of child support is reviewed under
an abuse of discretion standard. In re P.J.H., 196 Ohio App. 3d 122, 2011-Ohio-5970,
962 N.E.2d 389, ¶ 18 (2d Dist.). The effective date can be the date a motion is filed or
“some other date that coincided with an event of significance in relation to the grounds
for child support that was ordered.” Id. at ¶ 20. As discussed above, an abuse of
discretion means that a trial court’s decision is unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable.
Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St. 3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983).
{¶ 33} Pursuant to the magistrate’s decision naming Mr. Phillips as the custodial
parent, Ms. Portis-Phillips was ordered to pay $222.07 per month in child support,
effective July 9, 2015, the date of the final hearing. The magistrate filed his decision on
July 16, 2015. Ms. Portis-Phillips filed objections, which stayed the implementation of
the magistrate’s order. The trial court overruled Ms. Portis-Phillips’s objections to the
magistrate’s decision on November 4, 2015, except that it found that the child support
order should have been effective on July 16, 2015 (the date of the magistrate’s decision),
rather than July 9, 2016 (the date of the final hearing).
{¶ 34} On appeal, Ms. Portis-Phillips contends that the child support order
established in the divorce decree should have been effective November 4, 2015, rather
than July 9 or July 16, 2015. She argues that there was no rational basis for the trial
court to implement the child support obligation at a point in time when the change in
custody upon which the child support obligation was based had not yet been
implemented. We agree.
{¶ 35} The magistrate found that $222.07 was an appropriate amount of child
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support for Ms. Portis-Phillips to pay Mr. Phillips if he had custody of the child and she
had the standard order of visitation. The trial court stated that the child support obligation
ordered by the magistrate was “accurate, appropriate and in the minor child’s best
interest,” without specifically addressing the timing of that obligation. The court also
stated that “[t]he staying of the foregoing child support orders do not ultimately impact
their effective start date if [the objections in question] are determined to have no merit.”
{¶ 36} There may be situations in which a stay following the filing of objections
related to child support would not necessarily delay the implementation of a new or
adjusted support amount, such as when the support is increased or decreased based on
a change in the income of a parent, rather than a change in the custody arrangement.
However, where, as here, the change in child support is based on a change in the
custodial arrangement, it is reasonable to presume that the timing of the changes should
coincide, in the absence of some explanation for handling the matter differently. The trial
court has identified no reason why they should not coincide here. Thus, the trial court
abused its discretion in ordering Ms. Portis-Phillips to pay the increased child support
beginning in July 2015, although the change in custody was not effective until November
4, 2015. We will remand this matter to the trial court for it to modify Ms. Portis-Phillips’s
child support obligation and make it effective on November 4, 2015.
{¶ 37} The third assignment of error is sustained.
VI. Allocation of Tax Exemption
{¶ 38} In her fourth assignment of error, Ms. Portis-Phillips contends that Mr.
Phillips should not have been awarded the tax exemption for the minor child. She claims
that Mr. Phillips did not even ask for the exemption for 2014, and that he had agreed with
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Ms. Portis-Phillips’s claiming the child.
{¶ 39} The portions of the record cited by Ms. Portis-Phillips in support of this
argument do not substantiate her assertions that the parties had agreed to file their taxes
separately in 2014 and that she would get the exemption. Rather, the testimony she
cites – her own testimony – was that she attempted to file “married filing separately” in
2014, but was unable to do so because she did not have Mr. Phillips’s Social Security
number. When her return was “rejected” by TurboTax, she filed an extension. Her
testimony did not address who would get the exemption for the child in 2014 if they
managed to file separately, or how they would handle the exemption in future years.
{¶ 40} The trial court stated that it considered the payment of child support (to the
parties’ child and Mr. Phillips’s other minor child), the parties’ relative financial
circumstances, and their net assets and liabilities. The court found that “[l]ittle evidence
was offered” as to the tax savings that might flow to either party as a result of the
exemption or their relative tax brackets. Based on the limited information presented to
the trial court about the effect of the tax exemption, we cannot find that the trial court
abused its discretion in awarding the exemption to Mr. Phillips, the custodial parent.
{¶ 41} The fourth assignment of error is overruled.
VII. Alternate Date for Termination of Marriage
{¶ 42} The trial court used April 15, 2014, the date of the parties’ separation, as
the date that the marriage terminated. It based this date on “the totality of the
circumstances,” finding that there had been no attempts at reconciliation, that the parties
had maintained separate residences and separate incomes after that date, and that they
“did not appear to have been sharing society, companionship, comfort, love, solace or
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sexual relations” thereafter.
{¶ 43} R.C. 3105.171(A)(2) defines “during the marriage” as “whichever of the
following is applicable”:
(a) Except as provided in division (A)(2)(b) of this section, the period of time from
the date of the marriage through the date of the final hearing in an action for divorce
* * *;
(b) If the court determines that the use of either or both of the dates specified in
division (A)(2)(a) of this section would be inequitable, the court may select dates
that it considers equitable in determining marital property. If the court selects
dates that it considers equitable in determining marital property, “during the
marriage” means the period of time between those dates selected and specified
by the court.
“A trial court’s determination of the duration of the marriage is reversible only if it
constitutes an abuse of discretion.” (Citations omitted.) Taylor v. Taylor, 2d Dist. Miami
No. 2012-CA-16, 2013-Ohio-2341, ¶ 48, citing Bertram v. Bertram, 2d Dist. Clark No.
2007-CA-135, 2009-Ohio-55, ¶ 58.
{¶ 44} The parties had very limited assets and liabilities and, for the most part,
the distribution of their assets was unaffected by the length of their marriage. The only
exception seems to be Mr. Phillips’s pension plan, in which Ms. Portis-Phillips’s marital
interest is calculated with reference to the length of the marriage. No evidence was
presented about the pension fund at the hearing, or about any other manner in which the
length of marriage was significant to the distribution of assets.
{¶ 45} Although the trial court did not expressly find that it would be “inequitable”
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to use the date of the divorce as the ending date of the marriage, such a finding can be
inferred from the court’s discussion of the extent to which the parties lived separate lives
after their separation. We find no abuse of discretion in the court’s use of this alternate
date.
{¶ 46} The fifth assignment of error is overruled.
VIII. Conclusion
{¶ 47} The judgment of the trial court will be reversed with respect to the date on
which the revised child support went into effect; on remand, the trial court will correct its
judgment entry to reflect that the child support order was effective on November 4, 2015,
when the trial court overruled Ms. Portis-Phillips’s objections to the magistrate’s order.
In all other respects, the judgment of the trial court will be affirmed.
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FAIN, J. and HALL, J., concur.
Copies mailed to:
Valerie Juergens Wilt
Samuel J. Petroff
Hon. Thomas J. Capper