State v. Ealy , 2016 Ohio 7927 ( 2016 )

[Cite as State v. Ealy, 2016-Ohio-7927.]
COURT OF APPEALS
LICKING COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO : JUDGES:
: Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J.
Plaintiff - Appellee : Hon. John W. Wise, J.
: Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.
-vs- :
:
LARRY E. EALY : Case No. 16-CA-31
:
Defendant - Appellant : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Licking County
Court of Common Pleas, Case No.
16CR35
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT: November 21, 2016
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
BRYAN R. MOORE PAUL E. MORRISON
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney 100 East Main Street
20 S. Second Street, Fourth Floor Columbus, Ohio 43215
Newark, Ohio 43055
Licking County, Case No. 16-CA-31 2
Baldwin, J.
{¶1} Appellant Larry E. Ealy appeals a judgment of the Licking County Common
Pleas Court convicting him of receiving stolen property (R.C. 2913.51(A)) and sentencing
him to one year incarceration. Appellee is the State of Ohio.
STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE
{¶2} On August 25, 2014, a salesman at Buckeye Ford met with a potential
customer who identified himself as Clifford White, regarding the sale of a 2015 F-350
pickup truck, valued at $65,000.00. While the truck was running, White asked the
salesman to step to the other side of the vehicle to check something. White drove off in
the truck, and the truck was reported stolen by the dealership.
{¶3} On January 22, 2016, Trooper Jody Sawyers was running license plate
checks on vehicles parked at a rest area along Interstate 70 in Licking Township. The
license plate on the pickup truck in which appellant was seated came back as a stolen
vehicle. The trooper questioned appellant as to how he came into possession of the
truck. Appellant explained that he got the truck from his son, who purchased the truck
not at an auction, but from a man he met at an auction. Appellant told Tpr. Sawyers that
he acquired the truck in September or October of 2014. He told the trooper that he had
been stopped by an officer in Alabama, and told the officer that they had a mechanic’s
lien placed on the vehicle. The key appellant had for the vehicle did not have a fob, and
did not appear to be the kind of key issued by Ford. The federal identification decal was
removed from the driver’s side door panel, leaving the word “VOID” exposed in large,
bright lettering. Further, the VIN number on the dash had been scratched. The officer
confirmed that the VIN number under the windshield of the car matched the number on
Licking County, Case No. 16-CA-31 3
the report of the stolen truck. Appellant could not produce a title for the truck. Appellant
admitted to the trooper that it was “all adding up” that the vehicle had been stolen.
{¶4} Appellant was placed under arrest for receiving stolen property. On the way
to the police station, appellant told Tpr. Sawyers that he worked in a mechanic’s shop,
and had worked on this truck in Alabama, where his son lives. He further stated that his
sister, Ronda, was mailing him tags for the truck from Dayton.
{¶5} Sergeant Timothy Root examined the vehicle at the impound lot. He noted
that the public VIN, located on the driver’s side windshield, was intact with no evidence
of tampering. However, the federal identification decal had been removed, evidenced by
white “void” markers. Sgt. Root then interviewed appellant at the Licking County Justice
Center. Appellant told the officer that his son, Lance, met an unknown person outside
the venue of the Franklin Auto Auction. Lance agreed to purchase the vehicle for
$26,000.00 and a Dodge Magnum. Later appellant stated that the Dodge Magnum was
not part of the deal. His son did not have $26,000.00 in cash, but gave the man
$16,000.00, and was to receive the title when he produced the remaining $10,000.00,
which never occurred. Appellant said that he believed the person selling the truck was
willing to sell it for a low price because there was possibly a lien on it, and it was going to
be repossessed. Appellant said the truck was purchased in September or October, but
the temporary tag issued for the vehicle to Ronda Baily, appellant’s sister, showed a bill
of sale with a purchase date of January 10, 2016. Appellant told the officer that this was
his second temporary tag; however, the officer did not find another tag issued to Ronda
Bailey, and it would not have been possible to produce another bill of sale without a
fictitious document being presented to the BMV for the first tag.
Licking County, Case No. 16-CA-31 4
{¶6} Appellant was indicted on one count of receiving stolen property. Appellant
filed a motion to suppress which was overruled. The case proceeded to bench trial, at
which appellant represented himself.
{¶7} Appellant testified at trial that his son left the vehicle with him in March of
2015, at a church parking lot where appellant was involved in ministry and worked on
cars. He testified that the vehicle sat until December 9, 2015. He testified that he ran a
VIN check on it, which did not come back with a problem. He called his sister and told
her he didn’t have a title on the truck, but wanted her to help him get 30-day plates. She
was able to get a 45-day tag, and later a second tag, but was told that she would need to
produce a title after that. Appellant did not dispute that the truck was stolen, but testified
that he did not know that the truck was stolen until his arrest in the instant case. On cross-
examination, appellant admitted that he received the truck when his son was picked up
on a federal warrant in Georgia.
{¶8} Following trial, the court found appellant guilty as charged. He was
sentenced to one year incarceration.
{¶9} Appellant was appointed counsel for his appeal to this Court. Counsel was
permitted to withdraw on September 29, 2016, after the briefs were filed and oral
argument was scheduled. The brief filed by counsel prior to his withdrawal raises three
assignments of error:
{¶10} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FAILING TO UPHOLD APPELLANT’S
RIGHTS AGAINST UNREASONABLE SEARCH AND SEIZURE UNDER THE FOURTH
AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTION AND ARTICLE I,
SECTION 14 OF THE OHIO CONSTITUTION.
Licking County, Case No. 16-CA-31 5
{¶11} “II. INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL.
{¶12} “III. THE TRIAL COURT’S FINDING OF GUILT IS AGAINST THE
MANIFEST WEIGHT AND SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE AND IS A VIOLATION
OF THE DUE PROCESS CLAUSE OF THE 5TH AND 14TH AMENDMENTS OF THE
U.S. CONSTITUTION AND ARTICLE I, SECTION 16 OF THE OHIO CONSTITUTION.”
I.
{¶13} In his first assignment of error, appellant challenges the trial court’s ruling
on his motion to suppress. However, in his argument in his brief, appellant concedes that
the trial court did not err in overruling his motion to suppress based on the law and the
evidence presented by the State at the suppression hearing.
{¶14} Appellant’s first assignment of error is accordingly overruled.
II.
{¶15} Appellant argues that his trial counsel was ineffective. However, appellant
represented himself at trial. The right to effective assistance of counsel necessarily
presumes that the defendant has counsel; therefore, the law pertaining to effective
assistance of counsel does not apply when the defendant exercises his right to self-
representation. State v. Taylor, 98 Ohio St. 3d 27, 2002-Ohio-7017, 781 N.E.2d 72, ¶ 82
(2002).
{¶16} The second assignment of error is overruled.
Licking County, Case No. 16-CA-31 6
III.
{¶17} In his final assignment of error, appellant argues that the judgment
convicting him of receiving stolen property is against the manifest weight and sufficiency
of the evidence. He specifically argues that the State failed to prove venue, and that the
court erred in finding that he had reason to believe the truck was stolen. He argues that
he was unsophisticated in ways of title law, and the BMV issued tags for the vehicle
without checking to see if it was stolen. He further argues that the trial court was biased
against him due to his criminal history.
{¶18} To determine whether a verdict is against the manifest weight of the
evidence, the appellate court reviews the entire record, weighs the evidence and all
reasonable inferences, considers the credibility of witnesses, and determines whether in
resolving conflicts in evidence the trier of fact “clearly lost its way and created such a
manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial
ordered.” State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St. 3d 380, 387, 1997–Ohio–52, 678 N.E.2d 541,
quoting State v. Martin, 20 Ohio App. 3d 172, 175, 485 N.E.2d 717 (1983).
{¶19} An appellate court's function when reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence
is to determine whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the
prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime
proven beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St. 3d 259, 574 N.E.2d 492,
paragraph two of the syllabus (1991).
{¶20} Appellant was convicted of receiving stolen property in violation of R.C.
2913.51(A), which states, “ No person shall receive, retain, or dispose of property of
Licking County, Case No. 16-CA-31 7
another knowing or having reasonable cause to believe that the property has been
obtained through commission of a theft offense.”
{¶21} The trial court made the following specific findings that appellant knew or
had reasonable cause to believe that the truck was stolen:
The question is did the State demonstrate the Defendant knew or
having reasonable cause to believe that it had been obtained through the
commission of a theft offense.
Reasonable cause to believe is defined in determining whether the
Defendant had reasonable cause to believe that the truck was obtained
through the commission of a theft offense, you must put yourself in the
position of this Defendant with his or her knowledge or lack of knowledge
and under the circumstances and conditions that surround him at that time.
You must consider the conduct of the persons involved and determine
whether their acts and words and all the surrounding circumstances would
have caused a person of ordinary prudence and care to believe that the
truck had been obtained through the commission of a theft offense.
The ordinary conditions involved here of that knowledge consisted of
the truck didn't have a title, the sticker had been stripped, there was a bill of
sale that was either shaky or false. When you call your sister and tell her to
get plates on it with no bill of sale to her. You don't know who owned the car
before or the real circumstances of how it came to be owned by the person
who gave it to you who had just gone to prison.
Licking County, Case No. 16-CA-31 8
It seems to me that a person of reasonable and ordinary prudence
and care would believe that the car -- has reasonable cause to believe that
the car had been obtained through the commission of a theft offense.
Didn't take steps to clear the title. Don't have it. Didn't get it. Couldn't
get it. On that basis, I'll enter a guilty finding here today.
{¶22} Tr. 250-251.
{¶23} The trial court’s findings are supported by the evidence presented through
the testimony of Trooper Sawyers and Sgt. Root, and through appellant’s own testimony
at trial. Although appellant argues he was unsophisticated in matters of title, he admitted
to Sgt. Root that he had experience in salvaging vehicles. Sgt. Root testified that if
appellant had gone through the salvage process to get a rebuilt title on a vehicle, a
vehicle with the FID removed and “void” displayed would immediately be flagged, and he
would have to show some level of documentation as to how the vehicle was purchased
and why the label was removed. Tr. 142-143. Based on all the facts and circumstances
surrounding appellant’s acquisition of the truck, the court’s finding that appellant should
have had reasonable cause to believe the truck was stolen is not against the manifest
weight or sufficiency of the evidence.
{¶24} Finally, appellant argues that the State failed to prove venue in Licking
County. R.C. 2901.12(C) provides, “When the offense involved the unlawful taking or
receiving of property or the unlawful taking or enticing of another, the offender may be
tried in any jurisdiction from which or into which the property or victim was taken, received,
or enticed.”
Licking County, Case No. 16-CA-31 9
{¶25} While venue is not an essential element of a charged offense, courts have
required that venue be proved by the State beyond a reasonable doubt unless it is waived
by the defendant. State v. Headley, 6 Ohio St. 3d 475, 477, 453 N.E.2d 716 (1983). Venue
need not be proven in express terms as long as it is established by all the facts and
circumstances in the case. State v. Dickerson, 77 Ohio St. 34, 82 N.E. 969, paragraph
one of syllabus (1907).
{¶26} Trooper Sawyers testified that he is based out of the Granville Post, and
encountered appellant at a rest area on I-70 in Licking Township. Tr. 56-57. From this
testimony, the trial court could conclude that the facts and circumstances establish venue
in Licking County.
{¶27} The third assignment of error is overruled.
Licking County, Case No. 16-CA-31 10
{¶28} The judgment of the Licking County Common Pleas Court is affirmed.
Costs are assessed to appellant.
By: Baldwin, J.
Gwin, P.J. and
Wise, J. concur.