State v. Cauthen , 2015 Ohio 272 ( 2015 )

[Cite as State v. Cauthen, 2015-Ohio-272.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-130475
TRIAL NO. B-1107852
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
vs. : O P I N I O N.
JASMINE CAUTHEN, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas Court
Judgment Appealed From Is: Affirmed In Part, Sentence Vacated In Part, and Cause
Remanded
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: January 28, 2015
Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and Scott M. Heenan,
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
Michaela M. Stagnaro, for Defendant-Appellant.
Please note: this case has been removed from the accelerated calendar.
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
C UNNINGHAM , Presiding Judge.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Jasmine Cauthen appeals from the community-
control sanction imposed for forgery, punished as a fifth-degree felony. Cauthen had
tendered a counterfeit bank check in the amount of $538.21 at a CheckSmart store.
Because the trial court’s imposition of a full-time work requirement as a condition of
Cauthen’s community control was not reasonably related to the goal of
rehabilitation, when Cauthen had informed the trial court at sentencing that she was
unable to work full-time without forfeiting her disability benefits, and that she had
been unable to work full-time in the past because of her mental-health issues, we
vacate that portion of her sentence. We affirm Cauthen’s sentence in all other
respects.
{¶2} On March 8, 2012, Cauthen entered a plea of guilty to the single count
of forgery. A presentence-investigation report was prepared. She was found eligible
for treatment in lieu of conviction, and the matter was referred to the common pleas
court’s mental-health docket. Cauthen remained under the supervision of the
mental-health docket for one year. Cauthen, who suffers from bipolar disorder,
ultimately was unable to comply with the conditions imposed, including the financial
sanctions.
{¶3} On July 10, 2013, Cauthen, then 24 years old, appeared before the
trial court. She again entered a plea of guilty to the single count of forgery. With the
consent of Cauthen’s counsel, the trial court proceeded to sentence Cauthen
immediately after accepting her plea. Cauthen’s counsel spoke briefly in mitigation.
The trial court imposed a three-year period of community control. It carefully
explained to Cauthen that the conditions of the community-control sanction required
the following: pay court costs and public defender attorney fees; pay a $100 fine; pay
restitution of $538.21 to CheckSmart; perform 200 hours of community service;
submit to random urine screenings; and obtain full-time employment within 30
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days. The court informed Cauthen that the sanction for violating her community
control included a prison term of 18 months.
{¶4} The trial court asked Cauthen if she understood the terms of the
sentence. Cauthen personally informed the trial court that she would jeopardize her
Social Security disability benefits by working full time. Cauthen received benefits
because of her mental-health issues. She had received those benefits for a number of
years. Cauthen told the court that she had not been able to work full-time in the past
due to her mental-health issues, and that she had “only worked a couple of days, a
couple of weeks, two weeks” and that it had not “work[ed] out.” The court advised
Cauthen to speak with her counsel. Cauthen then stated to the court that “I can work
part-time. I can’t work full-time.” Cauthen offered to obtain the order limiting her
work hours. She told the court, “I can go get it now.” The trial court responded, “No.
You bring that in on a later date and I’ll adjust this. But right now I’m ordering you
to get a full-time job in 30 days.” The court informed Cauthen that she “need[ed] to
report to probation at 2 o’clock today.” The full-time employment requirement was
made part of the trial court’s judgment entry.
I. Ability to Pay Fines and Restitution
{¶5} In her first assignment of error, Cauthen argues that the trial court
erred by imposing a fine and restitution as part of her sentence without first
considering her present and future ability to pay those amounts.
{¶6} When sentencing a fifth-degree felony offender, the court may impose
a sentence consisting of one or more community-control sanctions, including
residential, nonresidential, and financial sanctions. See State v. Talty, 103 Ohio
St.3d 177, 2004-Ohio-4888, 814 N.E.2d 1201, ¶ 10; see also State v. Danison, 105
Ohio St. 3d 127, 2005-Ohio-781, 823 N.E.2d 444, ¶ 6. Before imposing a financial
sanction under R.C. 2929.18 or a fine under R.C. 2929.32, however, the trial court is
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required to consider the offender’s present and future ability to pay those amounts.
See R.C. 2929.19(B)(5); see also State v. Andrews, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-110735,
2012-Ohio-4664, ¶ 30. While the court need not evaluate any express factors or
make any findings, there must be some evidence in the record that the court
considered the offender’s present and future ability to pay. See Andrews at ¶ 31.
That evidence may include financial information gleaned from the presentence-
investigation report or from the offender’s own statements. See id.
{¶7} Here, there is sufficient evidence that the court considered Cauthen’s
ability to pay the fine and restitution before imposing them. The presentence-
investigation report indicated that Cauthen received a $268 monthly disbursement
from the Hamilton County Department of Job and Family Services. Cauthen
informed the trial court that she received Social Security disability benefits, that she
had had brief-duration part-time jobs in the past, and that she had already paid $100
in restitution to CheckSmart. This portion of Cauthen’s first assignment of error is
overruled.
II. Notification Concerning Community Service in Lieu of Cost
{¶8} Cauthen next argues, also in her first assignment of error, that the
trial court erred by failing to notify her, as required by R.C. 2947.23(A)(1)(a), that if
she were unable to pay the imposed court costs or if she failed to do so, she could be
required to perform community service in lieu of making cash payments.
But pursuant to R.C. 2947.23(A)(1)(b), effective September 29, 2012, the court’s
failure to advise Cauthen of the possibility of community service did not “negate or
limit the authority of the court to order the defendant to perform community service
if the defendant fails to pay the judgment * * * or to timely make payments toward
that judgment under an approved payment plan.” Consequently, there is no longer a
need to reverse and remand for resentencing, when the sentencing error involves the
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failure to notify a defendant of possible community service for neglecting to pay
imposed court costs. See State v. Leonard, 1st Dist Hamilton No. C-130474, 2014-
Ohio-3828, ¶ 38. That portion of the assignment of error is also overruled.
III. Conditions of Community Control
{¶9} Cauthen next asserts that the trial court erred in imposing certain
conditions on her community-control sanction, including drug screening and an
obligation to obtain full-time employment within 30 days.
{¶10} R.C. 2929.15(A) governs the authority of the trial court to impose
conditions of community control. See Talty, 103 Ohio St. 3d 177, 2004-Ohio-4888,
814 N.E.2d 1201, at ¶ 10. If, as here, the trial court has imposed nonresidential
community-control sanctions, the “court may impose any other conditions of release
under a community control sanction that the court considers appropriate.” R.C.
2929.15(A); see State v. McClure, 159 Ohio App. 3d 710, 2005-Ohio-777, 825 N.E.2d
217, ¶ 4 (1st Dist.).
{¶11} While trial courts are granted broad discretion to fashion appropriate
conditions of community control, their discretion is not unlimited. See Talty, 103
Ohio St. 3d 177, 2004-Ohio-4888, 814 N.E.2d 1201, at ¶ 10. The community-control
conditions must reasonably relate to the goals of “doing justice, rehabilitating the
offender, and insuring good behavior.” See id. at ¶ 12. In determining whether a
condition of community control reasonably relates to these goals, the court must
consider whether the condition (1) is reasonably related to rehabilitating the
offender, (2) has some relationship to the crime of which the offender was convicted,
and (3) relates to conduct that is criminal or reasonably related to future criminality
and serves the statutory ends of community control. See id., citing State v. Jones, 49
Ohio St. 3d 51, 53, 550 N.E.2d 469 (1990); see also McClure at ¶ 8. When an
appellant challenges the reasonableness of community-control conditions, we must
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determine whether the trial court abused its discretion with reference to these
considerations. See Talty, 103 Ohio St. 3d 177, 2004-Ohio-4888, 814 N.E.2d 1201, at
¶ 10-12. An abuse of that discretion is shown when the court’s decision is
unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable; that is, when the trial court issues a
ruling that is not supported by a sound reasoning process. State v. Morris, 132 Ohio
St.3d 337, 2012-Ohio-2407, 972 N.E.2d 528, ¶ 14, citing AAAA Ents., Inc. v. River
Place Community Urban Redev. Corp., 50 Ohio St. 3d 157, 161, 553 N.E.2d 597
(1990).
A. Drug Screening
{¶12} When sentencing Cauthen for the offense of forgery, the trial court
placed her on community control for a three-year period with an additional
condition that she submit to random drug testing by urine screening. Cauthen
asserts that this condition was not reasonably related to her offense or rehabilitation
since, as the trial court noted, Cauthen did not have a current drug problem and was
not being sentenced for a drug-related offense.
{¶13} The General Assembly has acknowledged that an appropriate
community-control sanction may include requiring any offender to submit to
random drug testing. See R.C. 2929.15(A)(1) and 2929.17(H). Here, the
presentence-investigation report revealed that Cauthen suffers from bipolar
disorder. She had been convicted of a drug-related offense in 2008 and had
numerous juvenile adjudications for offenses, including theft, assault, and carrying a
concealed weapon. Cauthen admitted to experimenting with marijuana, powder
cocaine, and Ecstasy, and she was receiving psychiatric counseling. We hold that the
random-drug-testing condition imposed by the trial court was designed to assist
Cauthen with her mental-health issues and was reasonably related to the goal of
rehabilitation of the offender. See State v. Rogers, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 24848,
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
2012-Ohio-4753, ¶ 27. The trial court’s decision was supported by a sound reasoning
process and was not an abuse of its discretion.
B. Full-Time Employment
{¶14} Cauthen also asserts that the trial court erred in imposing, as a
condition of community control, the requirement that Cauthen obtain full-time
employment within 30 days.
{¶15} R.C. 2929.17(J) authorizes a trial court to require an offender to
“obtain employment” as a condition of community control. Requiring an offender to
work can be an important step in her rehabilitation. Supporting oneself by legal
employment helps end the financial incentive of criminal behavior and can, by itself,
be salutary, encouraging a sense of accomplishment and achievement in an offender
seeking rehabilitation.
{¶16} But requiring Cauthen to obtain full-time employment, as opposed to
part-time employment, would not advance her rehabilitation. Cauthen had informed
the trial court that she would jeopardize her disability benefits by working full-time.
She had not been able to work full-time in the past due to her mental-health issues.
She had been on the mental-health docket for one year and had failed to satisfy its
financial conditions. Nonetheless, Cauthen was presented with the Hobson’s choice
of losing her disability benefits by working full-time or being unable to comply with
the full-time-employment condition of her community control and being sent to
prison.
{¶17} The trial court acknowledged the impact of Cauthen’s dilemma when
it offered to “adjust” the employment condition if Cauthen had “documentation that
says you cannot work 40 hours, you cannot work full-time, bring that in and * * * I
will consider changing my order.” But the trial court’s intention to exercise
continuing jurisdiction to “adjust” the conditions of community control provided
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only an illusory means for Cauthen to escape the otherwise unreasonable full-time-
employment condition. Appellate review of a condition of community control is
limited to what the judgment entry states and not what a trial court might later
modify it to say. Talty, 103 Ohio St. 3d 177, 2004-Ohio-4888, 814 N.E.2d 1201, at
¶ 21.
{¶18} Community-control sanctions are part of an offender’s sentence. See
R.C. 2929.01(DD) and 2929.01(EE); see also Danison, 105 Ohio St. 3d 127, 2005-
Ohio-781, 823 N.E.2d 444, at ¶ 6. Because community control is part of the
sentence, absent statutory authority, the trial court had no jurisdiction to modify the
conditions of that sanction. See State v. Gilbert, Slip Opinion No. 2014-Ohio-4562,
¶ 8; see also State v. Johnson, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-130435, 2014-Ohio-1751.
While R.C. 2929.15(C) provides that the trial court may subsequently “impose a less
restrictive sanction,” it may only do so if the offender has fulfilled the conditions of a
community-control sanction “in an exemplary manner” and “for a significant period
of time.” That is not the case here.
{¶19} While a requirement of obtaining employment had some relation to
Cauthen’s offense of obtaining money by uttering a forged check, it had the probable
effect of ending her rehabilitation. On these facts, the imposition on Cauthen of a
full-time-employment condition was not supported by a sound reasoning process.
See Morris, 132 Ohio St. 3d 337, 2012-Ohio-2407, 972 N.E.2d 528, at ¶ 14; see also
Talty, 103 Ohio St. 3d 177, 2004-Ohio-4888, 814 N.E.2d 1201, at ¶ 10-12. We hold
that the trial court abused its discretion by imposing that condition as a community-
control sanction. Therefore, we sustain in part and overrule in part Cauthen’s first
assignment of error.
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IV. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
{¶20} In her second assignment of error, Cauthen argues that her trial
counsel was ineffective for failing to raise various arguments to the trial court at the
sentencing proceeding or to seek a brief recess or a continuance while Cauthen
retrieved the documentation to support her contention that she was unable to work
full-time.
{¶21} To prevail on her claims, Cauthen must first show that trial counsel’s
performance fell below an objective standard of reasonable representation, and
second, that his deficient performance was so prejudicial that she was denied a
reliable and fundamentally fair proceeding. See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S.
668, 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 (1984); see also Lockhart v. Fretwell, 506
U.S. 364, 369-370, 113 S. Ct. 838, 122 L. Ed. 2d 180 (1993); State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio
St.3d 136, 538 N.E.2d 373 (1989), paragraphs two and three of the syllabus.
{¶22} Cauthen first contends that her trial counsel was ineffective for failing
to argue that Cauthen was indigent and lacked the ability to pay the imposed fine,
restitution, and costs or that urinalysis screening was not a proper condition of
community control. But in overruling in part Cauthen’s first assignment we held that
there was sufficient evidence before the trial court from which to conclude that
Cauthen had the present and future ability to pay, and that urinalysis screening was
reasonably related to her rehabilitation. Thus, we hold that Cauthen has not
demonstrated any deficiencies in counsel’s performance, and the assignment of error
is overruled, in part, as to these contentions.
{¶23} Cauthen finally argues that her trial counsel was ineffective for failing
to argue that she was unable to work full-time. Because our resolution of this issue,
in the first assignment of error, requires that part of Cauthen’s community-control
sanction to be vacated, this portion of the second assignment of error is moot under
App.R. 12(A)(1)(c).
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
V. Conclusion
{¶24} Having sustained the first assignment of error, in part, we vacate that
part of Cauthen’s sentence ordering her, as a condition of community control, to
obtain full-time employment within 30 days, and we remand this cause to the trial
court for further proceedings.
Judgment accordingly.
HILDEBRANDT and FISCHER, JJ., concur.
Please note:
The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.
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