State v. Lucero , 2018 Ohio 4634 ( 2018 )

[Cite as State v. Lucero, 2018-Ohio-4634.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
CLARK COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO :
:
Plaintiff-Appellee : Appellate Case No. 2018-CA-26
:
v. : Trial Court Case No. 2017-CR-534A
:
KAYLEE LUCERO : (Criminal Appeal from
: Common Pleas Court)
Defendant-Appellant :
:
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OPINION
Rendered on the 16th day of November, 2018.
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ANDREW P. PICKERING, Atty. Reg. No. 0068770, Clark County Prosecutor’s Office,
Appellate Division, 50 E. Columbia Street, Suite 449, Springfield, Ohio 45502
Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
MISTY M. CONNORS, Atty. Reg. No. 0075457, 3451 Dayton-Xenia Road, P.O. Box 340-
246, Dayton, Ohio 45434
Attorney for Defendant-Appellant
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FROELICH, J.
{¶ 1} Kaylee Lucero pled guilty in the Clark County Court of Common Pleas to
illegal use of supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits or WIC program
benefits, in violation of R.C. 2913.46(B), a felony of the fifth degree. The trial court
sentenced her to eight months in prison. For the following reasons, the trial court’s
judgment will be affirmed.
I. Anders Appeal Standard
{¶ 2} Lucero’s appellate counsel has filed a brief pursuant to Anders v. California,
386 U.S. 738, 87 S. Ct. 1396, 18 L. Ed. 2d 493 (1967), indicating that she has been unable
to identify any non-frivolous issues for appeal. Counsel raised as a potential assignment
of error that the trial court erred in imposing a prison sentence rather than community
control sanctions. We informed Lucero that her attorney had filed an Anders brief on her
behalf and granted her 60 days from that date to file a pro se brief. No pro se brief has
been filed.
{¶ 3} Pursuant to Anders, we must determine, “after a full examination of all the
proceedings,” whether the appeal is “wholly frivolous.” Anders at 744; Penson v. Ohio,
488 U.S. 75, 109 S. Ct. 346, 102 L. Ed. 2d 300 (1988). An issue is not frivolous merely
because the prosecution can be expected to present a strong argument in reply. State
v. Pullen, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 19232, 2002-Ohio-6788, ¶ 4. Rather, a frivolous
appeal is one that presents issues lacking arguable merit, which means that, “on the facts
and law involved, no responsible contention can be made that it offers a basis for
reversal.” State v. Marbury, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 19226, 2003-Ohio-3242, ¶ 8, citing
Pullen at ¶ 4. If we find that any issue -- whether presented by appellate counsel,
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presented by the defendant (if a pro se brief is filed), or found through an independent
analysis -- is not wholly frivolous, we must appoint different appellate counsel to represent
the defendant. Id. at ¶ 7.
II. Factual and Procedural History
{¶ 4} According to the presentence investigation report (PSI), on May 27, 2017,
Lucero came into possession of a food stamp card with $500 in nutrition assistance
benefits; the card belonged to a developmentally disabled man. Lucero sold the card to
Lavenna Taylor for three grams of crack cocaine. Lucero went into a grocery store with
Taylor and pointed out items to purchase. After returning to their vehicle, Taylor went
back inside the store and made additional purchases while Lucero “got high” on crack
cocaine in the car.
{¶ 5} On September 11, 2017, Lucero was indicted on one count of illegal use of
supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits or WIC program benefits, and she
was served with the indictment and summons at her residence. Lucero appeared for her
arraignment with appointed counsel. At that time, the trial court released Lucero on her
own recognizance with conditions that Lucero abide by the criminal laws, that she appear
for all hearings, that she have no contact with the victim, and that she submit to random
drug screenings.
{¶ 6} Lucero failed to appear for a November 9, 2017 hearing, and the court issued
a warrant for her arrest. Lucero was arrested on November 30, 2017, and the trial court
set a $2,500 cash or surety bond. Lucero remained incarcerated for the pendency of the
case.
{¶ 7} On January 8, 2018, Lucero moved for intervention in lieu of conviction (ILC)
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and requested an assessment. The trial court denied the motion on the ground that
Lucero had been charged in another case with robbery, a felony of the second degree.
The court noted that the robbery charge had been dismissed by the prosecutor, but that
the charge “raised enough concern with this Court for it to find that the ILC motion is not
well taken.”
{¶ 8} Shortly after the denial of her ILC motion, Lucero pled guilty to the charged
offense. In exchange for the plea, the State agreed to remain silent at sentencing. The
trial court ordered a PSI.
{¶ 9} At sentencing on February 14, 2018, the trial court found that, pursuant to
R.C. 2929.13(B)(1)(b)(iii), it had the discretion to impose a prison sentence due to
Lucero’s violation of a condition her bond, namely that she had failed to appear for a
pretrial conference on November 9, 2017. After reviewing Lucero’s history of drug abuse
and overdoses, the trial court imposed eight months in prison, saying that the sentence
was “probably 5% for punishment reasons and 95% because I think it’s gonna be for your
own good.”
III. Anders Review
A. Pretrial Rulings
{¶ 10} As an initial matter, we find that there are no non-frivolous issues related to
the trial court’s rulings prior to Lucero’s plea. A plea of guilty is a complete admission of
guilt. E.g., State v. Faulkner, 2d Dist. Champaign No. 2013-CA-43, 2015-Ohio-2059,
¶ 9; State v. Wheeler, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 24112, 2011-Ohio-3423, ¶ 3; Crim.R.
11(B)(1). Consequently, a guilty plea generally waives all appealable errors that may
have occurred in the trial court, unless such errors precluded the defendant from
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knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily entering his or her guilty plea. See, e.g., State v.
Kelley, 57 Ohio St. 3d 127, 566 N.E.2d 658 (1991), paragraph two of the syllabus; Wheeler
at ¶ 3. We find nothing in the trial court’s pretrial rulings that would have precluded
Lucero from entering a knowing, intelligent, and voluntary plea.
{¶ 11} Lucero’s guilty plea did not constitute a waiver of an argument that the trial
court erred in denying her motion for ILC. State v. Cebula, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2013-L-
085, 2014-Ohio-3276, ¶ 14-16. Nevertheless, we find no arguably meritorious claim on
that issue. Pursuant to R.C. 2951.041(A)(1), a court may deny a request for intervention
without a hearing, State v. Nealeigh, 2d Dist. Champaign No.2010 CA 28, 2011-Ohio-
1416, ¶ 7, which is what the trial court did. On the record before us, any claim that the
trial court abused its discretion in the denying ILC would not have arguable merit.
B. Plea Hearing
{¶ 12} Crim.R. 11(C)(2) requires the court to address the defendant personally and
(a) determine that the defendant is making the plea voluntarily, with an understanding of
the nature of the charges and the maximum penalty, and, if applicable, that the defendant
is not eligible for probation or for the imposition of community control sanctions; (b) inform
the defendant of and determine that the defendant understands the effect of the plea of
guilty and that the court, upon acceptance of the plea, may proceed with judgment and
sentencing; and (c) inform the defendant and determine that he or she understands that,
by entering the plea, the defendant is waiving the rights to a jury trial, to confront
witnesses against him or her, to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses, and
to require the State to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt at a trial at which he or she
cannot be compelled to testify against himself or herself. State v. Brown, 2d Dist.
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Montgomery No. 21896, 2007-Ohio-6675, ¶ 3.
{¶ 13} The Supreme Court of Ohio has urged trial courts to literally comply with
Crim.R. 11. State v. Clark, 119 Ohio St. 3d 239, 2008-Ohio-3748, 893 N.E.2d 462, ¶ 29.
However, because Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) and (b) involve non-constitutional rights, the trial
court need only substantially comply with those requirements. E.g., State v. Nero, 56
Ohio St. 3d 106, 108, 564 N.E.2d 474 (1990). “Substantial compliance means that under
the totality of the circumstances the defendant subjectively understands the implications
of his plea and the rights he [or she] is waiving.” Id. In contrast, the trial court must
strictly comply with Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(c), as it pertains to the waiver of federal constitutional
rights. Clark at ¶ 31.
{¶ 14} Furthermore, when non-constitutional rights are at issue, a defendant who
challenges his or her guilty plea on the basis that it was not knowingly, intelligently, and
voluntarily made generally must show a prejudicial effect. State v. Veney, 120 Ohio
St.3d 176, 2008-Ohio-5200, 897 N.E.2d 621, ¶ 17. Prejudice in this context means that
the plea would otherwise not have been entered. Id. at ¶ 15.
{¶ 15} Upon review of the plea hearing transcript, the trial court strictly complied
with its obligation to inform Lucero of the constitutional rights that she was waiving by
entering her guilty plea, and the trial court determined that Lucero was making her guilty
plea voluntarily, with an understanding of the nature of the charged offense and the
maximum penalty. The trial court did not, however, inform Lucero of the effect of her
guilty plea and that the court could proceed with judgment and sentencing, as required
by Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(b).
{¶ 16} Nevertheless, the Supreme Court of Ohio has held that “[a] defendant who
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has entered a guilty plea without asserting actual innocence is presumed to understand
that he [or she] has completely admitted his [or her] guilt. In such circumstances, a
court’s failure to inform the defendant of the effect of his [or her] guilty plea as required
by Crim.R. 11 is presumed not to be prejudicial.” State v. Griggs, 103 Ohio St. 3d 85,
2004-Ohio-4415, 814 N.E.2d 51, syllabus.
{¶ 17} Although the trial court did not orally inform Lucero that her guilty plea
constituted a complete admission of guilt and that it could proceed to sentencing, that
information was included on the plea form, which stated: “By pleading guilty I admit
committing the offense and will tell the Court the facts and circumstances of my guilt. I
know the judge may either sentence me today or refer my case for a presentence report.”
Lucero informed the trial court that she had an opportunity to review the written plea
document with her attorney, that she understood it, and that she had signed it. Lucero
made no assertion at the plea hearing that she was actually innocent of the offense, and
there is nothing in the record to suggest that Lucero was prejudiced by the trial court’s
failure to provide the notification required by Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(b). Under the facts before
us, we find no arguably meritorious claim regarding Lucero’s plea. Accord State v.
Vanover, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2005 CA 118, 2007-Ohio-1057, ¶ 63.
C. Sentencing
{¶ 18} Appellate counsel’s potential argument is directed to the trial court’s eight-
month prison sentence.
{¶ 19} When the trial court has the discretion whether to impose a prison sentence
for a fifth-degree felony, the trial court must “carefully consider” the statutory sentencing
guidelines set forth in R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12, as well as the “statutes that are specific
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to the case itself.” State v. Mathis, 109 Ohio St. 3d 54, 2006-Ohio-855, 846 N.E.2d 1,
¶ 38; State v. Page, 2d Dist. Champaign No. 2015-CA-27, 2016-Ohio-7326, ¶ 13; R.C.
2929.13(B)(2).
{¶ 20} At sentencing, the trial court did not make any reference to the statutory
factors and considerations set forth in R.C. 2929.11 and R.C. 2929.12. However, the
court’s judgment entry states that the court considered “the record, oral statements of
counsel, the defendant’s statement, and the principles and purposes of sentencing under
Ohio Revised Code 2929.11, and then balanced the seriousness and recidivism factors
under Ohio Revised Code 2929.12.” Both at the sentencing hearing and in its judgment
entry, the court further indicated that it had reviewed the PSI.
{¶ 21} In imposing an eight-month sentence, it is perhaps arguable that the trial
court did not fully consider the available community control sanctions or the purposes and
principles of sentencing in utilizing Lucero’s failure to appear at the November 9 pretrial
conference – arguably a predictable action of an addict – to overcome mandatory
community control and to sentence Lucero to prison “for her own good.”
{¶ 22} Regardless, Lucero did not seek a stay of her sentence, either in the trial
court or this court. A review of the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Corrections
website reflects that Lucero no longer is incarcerated and that she is not subject to post-
release control. Because Lucero has completely served the imposed prison sentence
and we cannot provide any meaningful remedy, any appeal of the sentence would be
moot. Accordingly, any challenge to Lucero’s sentence would be frivolous.
IV. Conclusion
{¶ 23} We have conducted an independent review of the record and find no non-
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frivolous issues for appeal. Accordingly, the trial court’s judgment will be affirmed.
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WELBAUM, P.J. and DONOVAN, J., concur.
Copies sent to:
Andrew P. Pickering
Misty M. Connors
Kaylee Lucero
Hon. Douglas M. Rastatter