State v. Cruz , 2022 Ohio 3356 ( 2022 )

[Cite as State v. Cruz, 2022-Ohio-3356.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
ERIE COUNTY
State of Ohio Court of Appeals No. E-21-057
Appellee Trial Court No. 2020 CR 0420
v.
Exavier I. Cruz DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: September 23, 2022
*****
Kevin J. Baxter, Erie County Prosecuting Attorney, and
Kristin R. Palmer, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee.
Robert Cabrera, for appellant.
*****
DUHART, J.
{¶ 1} Appellant, Exavier I. Cruz, appeals from a judgment entered by the Erie
County Court of Common Pleas, sentencing him to serve a term of imprisonment of three
years plus life, with parole eligibility after 30 years. For the reasons that follow, we
affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Statement of the Case
{¶ 2} This case arises out of the shooting death of the victim on or about
December 5, 2020. Appellant, acting in concert with two other individuals, purposefully
caused the victim’s death while committing, or attempting to commit, or while fleeing
immediately after committing or attempting to commit, aggravated robbery of the victim,
at the victim’s home.
{¶ 3} On December 22, 2020, appellant was named in a 12-count indictment,
charging him with: (1) one count of aggravated murder, in violation of R.C. 2903.01(B)
and R.C. 2929.02(A), an unclassified felony; (2) two counts of aggravated robbery, in
violation of R.C. 2911.01(A)(1) and (C), felonies of the first degree; (3) two counts of
aggravated burglary, in violation of R.C. 2911.11(A) and (B), felonies of the first degree;
(4) two counts of felonious assault, in violation of R.C. 2903.11(A)(2) and (D)(1)(a),
felonies of the second degree; (5) one count of improperly discharging a firearm at or into
a habitation or a school safety zone, in violation of R.C. 2923.161(A)(1) and (C), a felony
of the second degree; (6) one count of having weapons while under disability, in violation
of R.C. 2923.13(A)(2) and (B), a felony of the third degree; (7) one count of having
weapons while under disability, in violation of R.C. 2923.13(A)(3) and (B), a felony of
the third degree; (8) one count of tampering with evidence, in violation of R.C.
2921.12(A)(1) and (B), a felony of the third degree; and (9) one count of theft, in
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violation of R.C. 2913.02(A) and (B)(2), a felony of the fifth degree. Nine of the twelve
counts included firearm specifications.
{¶ 4} After appellant initially pleaded not guilty, his counsel successfully
negotiated a plea agreement with the state. Pursuant to the plea agreement, appellant
agreed to plead guilty to one count of aggravated murder, an unclassified felony, with a
firearm specification. In exchange, the state agreed to dismiss the remaining counts of
the indictment. In addition, the parties jointly recommended a sentence of life in prison
with the possibility of parole after 20 years, with an additional three years for the firearm
specification. The state also agreed to remain mute at any future parole proceedings
{¶ 5} The plea sheet and plea transcript demonstrate that appellant understood that
the victim’s family was not in agreement with the recommended sentence.
{¶ 6} Prior to accepting the plea, the trial court engaged appellant in a lengthy
Crim.R. 11 colloquy to ensure that the plea was being made voluntarily, knowingly, and
intelligently. During the colloquy, the trial court advised appellant:
Now, you understand that any recommendation as to sentence the
Court will consider, but is not required to follow. You and your attorney
and the State are making a recommendation. You’re all in agreement on
that. Probation’s going to do a PSI. They make a recommendation. The
victims may have an input. A lot of people may have an input. The Court
will consider all that, but is not required to follow it, even if everybody
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agrees to the same recommendation. Their job is to make a
recommendation. It’s this Court’s job to hand down the sentence. Do you
understand that?
Appellant confirmed his understanding.
{¶ 7} The trial court further advised appellant that he was facing a mandatory 3-
year sentence on the firearm specification and a possible sentence of life imprisonment
without the possibility of parole on the aggravated murder charge. After being fully
advised of his rights and the potential penalties he was facing, appellant pleaded guilty to
one count of aggravated murder with a firearm specification. The judgment entry of plea,
which was signed by appellant, expressly states: “I understand the Judge sentencing me
does not have to follow any Recommended sentence when sentencing me.” (Emphasis in
original.)
{¶ 8} Appellant’s sentencing hearing was held on November 29, 2021. After a
thorough review of all of the relevant statutory factors, the trial court rejected the joint
recommendation for sentencing. Instead, the court imposed a sentence of three years plus
life imprisonment, with parole eligibility after 30 years. Appellant timely appealed.
Statement of Facts
{¶ 9} The offense in this case arose in connection with a robbery involving
appellant, his two co-defendants, and the victim. The victim was a career drug dealer.
As appellant was fleeing after committing the robbery, the victim came running out of his
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house with a firearm and started shooting, hitting one of appellant’s co-defendants.
Appellant returned fire. The victim was shot and was later pronounced dead at the
hospital. Although appellant and his two co-defendants were all charged with the
victim’s death, appellant, as the shooter, was identified as the principal offender.
{¶ 10} At the November 29, 2021 sentencing hearing, the trial court confirmed
that it had reviewed impact statements from the victim’s mother, his two children, his
aunt, as well as one of his friends. The victim’s mother and wife then spoke directly to
the court. The family asked the court to impose a sentence of life in prison without the
possibility of parole. Defense counsel asked the court to follow the joint
recommendation of the parties and impose a sentence of life in prison with the possibility
of parole after 20 years, plus three years for the firearm specification. The state adhered
to the joint recommendation. The court then gave appellant the opportunity to make a
statement.
{¶ 11} After hearing from the parties, the trial court explained that it had
considered the purposes and principles of sentencing identified in R.C. 2929.11 and the
seriousness and recidivism factors identified in R.C. 2929.12. First, the court noted
appellant’s juvenile record:
You have adjudications for delinquency going all the way back to
2012. You have adjudications for domestic violence three different times.
You have drug convictions for possession and conveyance on property,
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detention centers and things of that nature. Carrying a concealed weapon,
attempted burglary, criminal trespass, theft. Those all kind of mirror what
happened here in the adult court. We have violence, we have drugs, we
have a weapon, and we have trespass, all of ‘em, and theft. We have all of
‘em. Mirror this offense.
You’ve had DYS commitments, Department of Youth Services
commitments in the past. You’ve had electronic monitoring in the past.
And let me digress for a second. This Court has a lot of respect for
your counsel. This has nothing to do with him. As I said, it has to do with
the facts and the law, okay? He indicated you had mental health issues.
The Court saw that in the presentence report and investigation.
The Court looked at your juvenile record. You had counseling back
then in your juvenile years. So you’ve had electronic monitoring,
counseling, probation, psychological evaluation. DYS commitment I’ve
already talked about, more electronic monitoring, more probation. You * *
* were committed to the DYS, Department of Youth Services, and granted
judicial release, let out early from that. That was your juvenile record.
Next, the court considered appellant’s adult criminal record:
Your adult record, what do we have there. Well, since you’re 23,
it’s kind of small because you turned 18. It’s only been a few years, but
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2018, possession of cocaine. You received two years of probation,
intensive supervision probation. You received counseling. You had
violations of that, probation violation. You were then sent to a community-
based correctional facility, one step under a prison, to try to help you, to get
you counseling, to teach you things that your counsel talked about here, and
what happened there? You were unsuccessfully terminated from that
program at the CBCF. And then you were still on probation when you
committed this offense, and your probation for that offense, the possession
of cocaine, which you were on probation when you committed this offense,
that probation was terminated unsuccessful.
The court also considered appellant’s “attitude offenses”:
Okay. Then you have what I deem attitude offenses. What are
those. Well, they’re not misdemeanors or felonies, and we usually see ‘em
in traffic-related offenses, and let me say everybody that drives gets a
traffic offense. * * * But when someone constantly gets the same ones over
and over again, it says something about a person. They know what the law
is, but they’re choosing to do what they want to do because they want to do
it. That’s attitude offenses.
Why do I say that about you. 2018, turn signal violation; 2018,
going 87 in a 60 mile an hour zone, 27 miles over.
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2019, reckless operation, willfull, * * * wanton disregard, physical
control; 2019, oh three weeks later, driving on a suspended license, stop
sign violation; 2019, about two weeks later, driving on a suspended license,
improper display of plates.
2020, driving on a suspended license; 2020, about four months later,
driving on a suspended license and tinted glass. Now, you know you got to
have a license to drive in Ohio, but you didn’t. Why? Because you wanted
to drive, so you did. Even though you’ve been charged, maybe paid fines
on it, found guilty of it or responsible, you did it because you want to do it.
Attitude offenses.
The court also considered a case involving “participation in a gang,
criminal gang, possession of drugs, and felonious assault” that was then
pending against appellant. The court clarified that that it would consider
the pending charges for purposes of determining appellant’s likelihood of
recidivism, but would not treat the pending charges as a conviction.
Finally, the court considered reports from the jail related to appellant’s
conduct:
August 18, 2021. Inmate Cruz walked up to the med cart and said, I
want to throw water at her, talking about the nurse. Didn’t know who he
was referring to, so they stood by. They were trying to get you to your cell.
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You picked up a trash can, as if you were going to throw it at the officer,
the corrections officer, but you never let – and you never let go.
You were told to go to lockdown. You refused. You still refused.
They had to escort you. You started resisting. You were not going to
comply. They had to call in other people, then place you in a restraint
chair.
During this time, you began shoving and pulling away from the
deputies. You shoved Deputy Laird off of you. You were able to grab
ahold of the door frame and fight and resist them as they were trying to get
you in lockdown. They were – you were able to get back up and you pulled
away from the deputies after they took you to the ground. You failed to
comply with their orders.
When they finally got you there, you said, quote: The fun is going to
continue until I get – till I get moved out of this county.
Inmate Cruz took the trash can and blocking and swung it, as if the
Inmate Cruz was going to throw it at her. This is just more reports about
what you had done. That was then.
The same day, later that night, another incident. You wanted to go
take a shower. They told you no. You said you were going to take one no
matter what, basically, and so they had another incident. They started
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arguing. You tried to advance towards the shower. You refused to comply
with the lockdown order they told you, multiple orders to lockdown. They
finally had to pull out their taser to get you to comply.
August 19th. Inmate Cruz returned. You were sent back to
Sandusky County Jail because of all your disruptive behaviors in this jail.
You were placed in administrative segregation until further orders.
And then the interesting one is November 12 of 2021, just a couple
weeks ago, after the plea, because you pled September 30th. Inmate Cruz
advised that when he gets sentenced, he’s coming back here and fighting
Inmate Kozlowski. After you pled guilty to this, you go back over there
and, a couple weeks ago, say when you’re done being sentenced, you’re
going to go back and get in another fight with another inmate. Your
behavior in the jail.
{¶ 12} After reviewing appellant’s record, the court proceeded to review the
seriousness and recidivism factors in R.C. 2929.12 and found that appellant’s current
offense was more serious than normal because it involved: (1) a drug sale; (2) the fact
that the robbery was planned and organized; (3) a victim who had died; (4) a relationship
with the victim that facilitated the offense; (5) shots fired into innocent neighbors’
homes; (6) the fact that appellant lied to law enforcement and made up an alibi; and (7)
the fact that committed the crime in front of the victim’s two young children. The court
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added that none of appellant’s behavior showed that he was taking responsibility for his
actions. The court also reviewed the factors that made this offense less serious than
normal, including the fact that the victim in this case had induced or facilitated the
offense by coming out of his house with a gun, confronting appellant, and shooting one
of appellant’s co-defendants.
{¶ 13} The court found that none of the recidivism factors in R.C. 2929.12(E)
leaned in appellant’s favor. Specifically, the court noted that appellant was on probation
or parole at the time of the offense, he had previously been adjudicated a delinquent
child, he had a history of criminal convictions, he had not been rehabilitated satisfactorily
as evidenced by the fact that “the same things that we saw in your juvenile record we saw
in this event,” he had not responded favorably to previous sanctions, he had shown no
genuine remorse for the crime, and “based on what we’ve seen in the past, and what we
see here, violence, drugs, guns, it’s likely to reoccur again.”
{¶ 14} Based on its review of the facts, the trial court ultimately rejected the joint
recommendation for sentence, concluding as follows:
You know, the State and your counsel, and the Court has respect for
your counsel and the State, made a recommendation to this Court that you
should be sentenced to life imprisonment with parole eligibility after 20
years. That – plus the three years for the gun spec. That would get you out
at about 46 years old.
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This Court doesn’t find that that is significant or appropriate for you.
Instead, the court imposed a sentence of three years plus life imprisonment with parole
eligibility after 30 years.
Assignment of Error
{¶ 15} Appellant asserts the following assignment of error on appeal:
I. The trial Court erred in violation of Cruz’s due process rights under
the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article I
Section 16 of the Ohio Constitution by relying on false and unreliable
information in sentencing Cruz, and as such, is contrary to law.
Analysis
{¶ 16} This court reviews sentencing challenges under R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). State
v. Villarreal, 6th Dist. Sandusky No. S-17-020, 2018-Ohio-888, ¶ 15. That statute
permits an appellate court to increase, reduce, or otherwise modify a sentence or vacate
the sentence and remand the matter for resentencing only if it clearly and convincingly
finds either of the following:
(a) That the record does not support the sentencing court’s findings
under division (B) or (D) of section 2929.13, division (B)(2)(e) or (C)(4) of
section 2929.14, or division (I) of section 2929.20 of the Revised Code,
whichever, if any, is relevant;
(b) That the sentence is contrary to law.
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Id.; R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). Appellant does not challenge the trial court’s compliance with
any of the sentencing statutes identified in R.C. 2953.08(G)(2)(a). Rather, he claims that
his sentence is contrary to law because the trial court violated his due process rights by
“relying on false and unreliable information.” In particular, appellant questions the trial
court’s reliance on his juvenile record and his relationship to the victim at sentencing.
{¶ 17} As an initial matter, it is undisputed that “[a] trial court does not err in
imposing a sentence greater than that recommended by the state under a negotiated plea
agreement where the trial court forewarns the defendant of the applicable penalties,
including the possibility of imposing a greater sentence than that recommended by the
prosecutor.” State v. Vargyas, 6th Dist. Wood No. WD-20-068, 2021-Ohio-3383, ¶ 10,
citing State ex rel. Duran v. Kelsey, 106 Ohio St.3d 58, 2005-Ohio-3674, 831 N.E.2d
430, ¶ 6, quoting State v. Buchanan, 154 Ohio App.3d 250, 2003-Ohio-4772. 796 N.E.2d
1003, ¶ 13 (5th Dist.).
{¶ 18} In the present case, the trial court specifically advised appellant before
accepting his plea that the court was not required to follow the recommendation of the
parties, and that appellant was facing a mandatory three-year sentence on the firearm
specification and a possible sentence of life in prison without the possibility of parole on
the aggravated murder charge. The judgment entry of plea also reflects these
forewarnings. Thus, the record is clear that the trial court, in this case, did not err in
imposing a sentence that was greater than the recommended sentence.
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{¶ 19} Next, we review appellant’s claim that the trial court violated his due
process rights by using his juvenile record to “enhance” or “elevate” his sentence. In
support of this claim, appellant cites State v. Hand, 149 Ohio St.3d 94, 2016-Ohio-5504,
73 N.E.3d 448. In Hand, the Ohio Supreme Court reviewed the interplay between R.C.
2929.13(F)(6), which requires a mandatory prison sentence for anyone who is convicted
of a first or second degree felony and was previously convicted of a first or second degree
felony, and R.C. 2901.08(A), which classifies a juvenile adjudication as “a conviction for
a violation of the law or ordinance for purposes of determining the offense with which
the person should be charged and * * * the sentence to be imposed upon the person
relative to the conviction or guilty plea.” Applying these two statutes, the trial court had
sentenced Hand to a mandatory prison term for his first and second degree felony
convictions because he had previously been adjudicated delinquent of an act that would
have been a first degree felony if committed by an adult. The Supreme Court, however,
determined that R.C. 2901.08(A) violated the Due Process Clauses of Article I, Section
16 of the Ohio Constitution and the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States
Constitution “because it is fundamentally unfair to treat a juvenile adjudication as a
previous conviction that enhances either the degree of or the sentence for a subsequent
offense committed as an adult.” Id. at ¶ 37. The court further held that a juvenile
adjudication “cannot be used to increase a sentence beyond a statutory maximum or
mandatory minimum” because a juvenile has no right to a jury trial. Id. at paragraph two
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of the syllabus, citing Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 129 S.Ct. 2348, 147
L.Ed.2d 435 (2000), and Alleyne v. United States, 570 U.S. 99, 133 S.Ct. 2151, 186
L.Ed.2d 314 (2013).
{¶ 20} Appellant interprets the Ohio Supreme Court’s ruling in Hand to mean that
the trial court used his “juvenile record impermissibly to elevate the recommended
sentence two levels.” However, this court has expressly rejected such an interpretation of
the Hand decision. In State v. Villarreal, 6th Dist. Sandusky No. S-17-020, 2018-Ohio-
888, the defendant similarly interpreted “the court’s holding in Hand to mean that a trial
court cannot consider an offender’s juvenile adjudications when weighing the seriousness
and recidivism factors in R.C. 2929.12.” Id. at ¶ 20. This court disagreed “because, as
the [Ohio] Supreme Court noted, ‘there is a significant difference between allowing a
trial judge to consider an adjudication during adult sentencing and requiring a mandatory
prison term to be imposed because of it.’” Id., quoting Hand at ¶ 20. As this court
explained, “Hand forbids the use of a juvenile adjudication in a way that requires the trial
court to impose a harsher sentence on the defendant because of the prior adjudications’
existence.” Villarreal at ¶ 21 (emphasis in original). The court then distinguished R.C.
2929.12, stating:
* * * R.C. 2929.12 does not demand that the trial court impose a
harsher sentence because the defendant was previously found delinquent.
Rather, the statute requires the trial court to consider the fact of the prior
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adjudication – along with a host of other facts – to determine the
punishment that best fulfills the principles and purposes of sentencing in
R.C. 2929.11.
Thus, this court held that “nothing in Hand prohibits a trial court from considering a
defendant’s prior criminal history, including his juvenile adjudications, when weighing
the factors in R.C. 2929.12. Id. (emphasis in original). In light of the foregoing
authority, we find that the trial court did not err by considering appellant’s juvenile
record when weighing the factors in R.C. 2929.12.
{¶ 21} Appellant also contends that the trial court incorrectly concluded that the
relationship with the victim facilitated the offense “based upon its belief that [appellant]
knew the [victim], and previously entered his house that day.” In reviewing the
seriousness and recidivism factors under R.C. 2929.12, the trial court found with respect
to 2929.12(B)(6), involving the question of whether appellant’s conduct was more
serious than conduct normally constituting the offense of aggravated murder:
The relationship with the victim facilitated this. This was during a
drug deal. Then as the state said, and the Court read * * * in the police
reports, shots were fired into innocent neighbors’ homes.
{¶ 22} Appellant contends that his relationship with the victim did not facilitate
the offense, because he did not know the victim and only entered his home once on the
day in question. There is no question, however, that appellant acted in concert with two
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other individuals in effectuating the robbery and death of the victim. Appellant concedes
that one of his co-defendants had a relationship with the victim. That co-defendant used
that relationship to enter the victim’s home to case the location for the presence of money
and drugs. Appellant and his co-defendants then used that knowledge to collectively
develop a plan to rob the victim of money and drugs, which ultimately resulted in the
victim’s death. Under the circumstances of this case, the trial court correctly found that
appellant and his co-defendants used the relationship with the victim to facilitate the
commission of the offense.
{¶ 23} Finally, we note allegations by appellant, set forth throughout his brief, that
the trial court improperly weighed the purposes of felony sentencing, as defined in R.C.
2929.11, and the seriousness and recidivism factors, as defined in R.C. 2929.12, when it
determined his sentence. Unfortunately for appellant, the Ohio Supreme Court’s decision
in State v. Jones, 163 Ohio St.3d 242, 2020-Ohio-6729, 169 N.E.3d 649, prevents this
court from independently weighing the evidence in the record and substituting its own
judgment for the trial court’s judgment regarding the sentence that best complies with the
dictates of R.C. 2929.11 and R.C. 2929.12. Id. at ¶ 39, 41-42; see also State v. Toles, 166
Ohio St.3d 397, 2021-Ohio-3531, 186 N.E.3d 784, ¶ 10 (Brunner, J., concurring) (noting
that R.C. 2953.08 “precludes second-guessing a sentence imposed by a trial court based
on its weighing of the considerations in R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12.”). “Indeed, as this
court has repeatedly recognized, we are precluded from reviewing a felony sentence
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‘where – as here – the appellant’s sole contention is that the trial court improperly
considered the factors of R.C. 2929.11 or 2929.12 when fashioning [a] sentence.” State
v. Johnston, 6th Dist. Wood No. WD-21-038, 2021-Ohio-4347, ¶ 13, quoting State v.
Senson, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-20-1074, 2021-Ohio-2256, ¶ 9, citing Jones at ¶ 42, and
State v. Orzechowski, 6th Dist. Wood No. WD-20-029, 2021-Ohio-985, ¶ 13. Thus, the
law clearly prohibits this court from examining the merits of appellant’s claims that the
trial court’s sentence does not comport with the purposes of felony sentencing under R.C.
2929.11 and that the trial court improperly weighed the seriousness and recidivism
factors in R.C. 2929.12.
{¶ 24} For all of the foregoing reasons, appellant’s assignment of error is found
not well-taken. The judgment of the Erie County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
Appellant is ordered to pay the costs of this appeal pursuant to App.R. 24.
Judgment affirmed.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27.
See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
18.
State of Ohio
v. Exavier I. Cruz
E-21-057
Thomas J. Osowik, J. ____________________________
JUDGE
Christine E. Mayle, J.
____________________________
Myron C. Duhart, P.J. JUDGE
CONCUR.
____________________________
JUDGE
This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of
Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported
version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at:
http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/ROD/docs/.
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