State v. Bennett , 2020 Ohio 652 ( 2020 )

[Cite as State v. Bennett, 2020-Ohio-652.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-190181
TRIAL NO. 18CRB-25618
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
O P I N I O N.
vs. :
JASON BENNETT, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Municipal Court
Judgment Appealed From Is: Affirmed
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: February 26, 2020
Paula Boggs Muething, City Solicitor, Natalia Harris, City Prosecutor, and Jon
Vogt, Assistant City Prosecutor, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
Raymond T. Faller, Hamilton County Public Defender, and Lora Peters, Assistant
Public Defender, for Defendant-Appellant.
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
C ROUSE , Judge.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Jason Bennett appeals his conviction for
aggravated menacing. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm the judgment of the
trial court.
Facts and Procedure
{¶2} In the early morning hours of September 27, 2018, Jason Bennett,
Charles Basham, Lacey Patterson, and Joe Patterson went to a couple of bars. All
were drinking. Bennett drank six beers and a couple of shots throughout the night.
They eventually left the bars and went to the Pattersons’ house.
{¶3} Atiya Hampton, the Pattersons’ neighbor, testified that Bennett and
Basham were in the Pattersons’ backyard “being very loud.” The noise twice woke
her up—once around 4:00 a.m. and again around 5:00 a.m. After the second
instance, Hampton went outside and confronted Bennett and Basham. They
responded by calling her racial slurs, specifically “it’s you again, black bitch.” Mere
moments later, Basham hopped the fence between the neighboring properties and
“fell and busted his head.”
{¶4} Hampton testified that, at that point, Bennett came out of the house
and ran toward her with a knife. Hampton described the knife as “a nice little pocket
knife.” She further stated, “How dark it was and the light, you can’t really see, but I
know it was a knife. You could see the knife, like a butterfly knife.” As Bennett ran
toward Hampton, he said, “I’m going to kill you, black bitch.”
{¶5} Hampton testified that she ran backwards up her front steps, onto the
porch, and into the house, shutting the screen door in front of her. Bennett followed
her up the steps to the door. Hampton asked Bennett, “You trying to stab me?”
2
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
Bennett then ran down the steps and dragged Basham back into the Pattersons’
house. Hampton called 911.
{¶6} Officer Kevin Holmes testified that when he arrived on the scene
everyone was “very highly intoxicated.” Holmes did not smell any alcohol or see any
evidence of drinking. However, Bennett admitted that they had been drinking all
night and, according to Holmes, Bennett’s story “kept changing a little bit.” Based on
these circumstances, Holmes arrested Bennett. Holmes did not find a knife either at
the scene or on Bennett.
{¶7} Bennett testified in his defense. Bennett stated that he and Basham
went outside to smoke a cigarette. After a few seconds, Hampton started racing
towards them and screaming racial slurs. Provoked by Hampton’s harassment,
Basham jumped the fence. Bennett stepped onto a cooler, looked over the fence, and
saw Basham unconscious. Bennett then exited from the Pattersons’ property
through the garage and dragged Basham into the house. Bennett first made contact
with the police when they knocked on the Pattersons’ front door.
{¶8} Based on the evidence presented at trial, the court found Bennett
guilty of aggravated menacing and sentenced him to 180 days’ incarceration with 150
days suspended, one year of probation, and a fine of $100. Bennett timely filed this
appeal, raising two assignments of error for our review.
Law and Analysis
I. Manifest Weight of the Evidence
{¶9} In his first assignment of error, Bennett challenges the weight of the
evidence supporting his conviction for aggravated menacing. Specifically, Bennett
challenges the credibility of Hampton and Holmes.
3
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶10} In reviewing a challenge to the weight of the evidence, we sit as a
“thirteenth juror.” State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387, 678 N.E.2d 541(1997). We must review the entire record, weigh the evidence, consider the
credibility of the witnesses, and determine whether the trier of fact clearly lost its
way and created a manifest miscarriage of justice. Id.{¶11} Bennett was convicted of aggravated menacing pursuant to R.C.
2903.21(A), which provides: “No person shall knowingly cause another to believe
that the offender will cause serious physical harm to the person * * * or a member of
the other person’s immediate family.” The record reflects two different versions of
events. Hampton testified that when she confronted Bennett and Basham they called
her racial slurs and charged at her—Bennett charging at her with a knife in hand.
Although Bennett admitted that Basham jumped the fence into Hampton’s property
and that he dragged Basham back onto the Pattersons’ property, he denied running
toward Hampton with a knife.
{¶12} “The trier of fact may believe all, part or none of [a] witness’s
testimony. * * * And when evidence is susceptible to more than one construction, a
reviewing court must give it the interpretation that is consistent with the judgment.”
(Internal citations omitted.) In re J.C., 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-180493, 2019-Ohio-
4027, ¶ 20. Ultimately, “[t]he weight to be given the evidence and the credibility of
the witnesses are primarily for the trier of the facts.” State v. DeHass, 10 Ohio St.2d
230, 227 N.E.2d 212 (1967), paragraph one of the syllabus.
{¶13} In rendering its judgment, the trial court found the testimony of
Hampton to be more credible than that of Bennett. The court expressly stated that
the defense witnesses were “unreliable” because they “were all in some state of
intoxication.” Based upon the conflicting testimony, and in light of the entire record
4
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
and credibility of the witnesses, this is not a case where the trier of fact clearly lost its
way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that Bennett’s conviction
must be reversed.
{¶14} Bennett’s first assignment of error is overruled.
II. Evidentiary Issues
{¶15} In his second assignment of error, Bennett argues that the trial court
erred in two evidentiary matters: (1) the trial court denied his right to confront
witnesses when it precluded certain cross-examination of Hampton, and (2) the trial
court erred in excluding certain direct-examination of Basham.
a. Cross-examination of Hampton
Both the Ohio Constitution and the United States Constitution guarantee a
defendant the right to confront witnesses against him. See Ohio Constitution, Article I,
Section 10; Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. But this protection “guarantees
only ‘an opportunity for effective cross-examination.’ ” (Emphasis in original.) State v.
Lang, 129 Ohio St.3d 512, 2011-Ohio-4215, 954 N.E.2d 596, ¶ 83, quoting Delaware v.
Fensterer, 474 U.S. 15, 20, 106 S.Ct. 292, 88 L.Ed.2d 15 (1985). Therefore, to establish a
Confrontation Clause violation, the defendant must show that he was “prohibited from
engaging in otherwise appropriate cross-examination.” Delaware v. Van Arsdall, 475
U.S. 673, 680, 106 S.Ct. 1431, 89 L.Ed.2d 674 (1986). If the trial court allowed limited
cross-examination, then the extent of that cross-examination is within the sound
discretion of the trial court. State v. McKelton, 148 Ohio St.3d 261, 2016-Ohio-5735,
70 N.E.3d 508, ¶ 172.
{¶16} At trial, Bennett tried to discredit Hampton’s testimony by demonstrating
her bias, prejudice, and/or motive to lie. See Evid.R. 616(A) (“Bias, prejudice, interest,
or any motive to misrepresent may be shown to impeach the witness either by
5
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
examination of the witness or by extrinsic evidence.”). Bennett alleged that Hampton
had a motive to fabricate the allegations in this case, in part, because of a prior
altercation between the Pattersons and her. On cross-examination of Hampton, defense
counsel attempted to elicit testimony about the altercation. The following exchange
occurred:
Defense counsel: Now, you mentioned that you did have some issues
with the neighbors regarding parking?
Hampton: The resident who lived there.
Defense counsel: Okay. Now, this parking spot, am I correct in
saying—
Hampton: No, you are not. It’s not a parking lot. This is a public
street.
Defense counsel: Did I ask you a question before that?
Court: All right, just a minute. Okay? First of all, I want to know what
happened on this day. I’m really not interested in what happened a
week ago or two weeks before that. So let’s concentrate on what
happened this night or early in the morning.
Defense counsel: I understand, Your Honor. My only reasoning being
when she was being examined by the prosecutor—
Court: I understand that. I’m telling you what I’m concentrating on.
Defense counsel: I’m just trying to show motive that led up to it.
Defense counsel did not further pursue the line of questioning.
{¶17} Based on this dialogue, we cannot say that the trial court prohibited
Bennett from engaging in cross-examination. The court did interrupt the flow of cross-
examination, cautioning against a narration of the prior altercation. The court also
6
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
urged defense counsel to concentrate on the morning of September 27, 2018. Despite
these recommendations, however, there is nothing in the record to demonstrate that the
court would not permit defense counsel to delve further down his line of questioning.
For example, the state did not object to defense counsel’s inquiry, the court did not
definitively rule on the issue, and the court did not strike any testimony or questions
from the record.
{¶18} Even if we were to find that the trial court effectively limited Bennett’s
cross-examination of Hampton, such limitation did not amount to an abuse of
discretion. The prior altercation did not concern Bennett, and thus, had minimal
relevancy to this case. Hampton admitted to a prior altercation with the Pattersons, and
as described in more detail below, Basham alluded to also having a prior altercation with
Hampton. However, Hampton testified that she had “never even seen this Jason
Bennett until that morning” and “[t]hat was the first time we actually had like an
incident with [Bennett].” Bennett did not dispute this assertion.
{¶19} In addition, the court heard other testimony of Hampton’s motive to lie.
On direct-examination, Hampton testified that she and the Pattersons “had a parking
problem.” Hampton further explained,
[T]hey were threatening me prior to this, the day they arrived, about the
cars. The problem is with me and [the Pattersons] is about the cars. So
the cars have been – he has four or five cars which I understand is a
public street. I have asked these men numerous times is this your car
because it’s parked in front of my house and I have no where to park, and
they politely said no. So I called the district to see what could I do as far
as move these cars.
7
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
Officer Holmes also testified that during his investigation, he learned of a prior parking
altercation between Hampton and the Pattersons. Specifically, Holmes stated, “I know
there – yeah, they mentioned one. I don’t know if it was the previous day or couple days
before, but, yes, over a parking spot or something.”
{¶20} Under these circumstances, the trial court did not deny Bennett the right
to confront Hampton.
b. Direct-examination of Basham
{¶21} Under Evid.R. 616(A), bias, prejudice, interest, or any motive to
misrepresent may be shown to impeach a witness. However, the admission of evidence
is within the sound discretion of the trial court. State v. Obermiller, 147 Ohio St.3d
175, 2016-Ohio-1594, 63 N.E.3d 93, ¶ 61. An appellate court will not disturb a trial
court’s ruling on an evidentiary issue absent an abuse of discretion and proof of
material prejudice. Id.{¶22} At trial, Bennett alleged that Hampton had a motive to fabricate the
allegations in this case, in part, because of a prior altercation between Basham and her.
On direct-examination of Basham, defense counsel tried to elicit testimony regarding
the altercation. The following exchange occurred:
Defense counsel: Now, have you had any interaction with the prosecuting
witness?
Basham: Yes, from the night before that incident.
Defense counsel: Okay. Was she happy or unhappy with you?
Basham: Very upset. I unknowingly parked in front of her house, and
she came out and --
Prosecutor: Objection, Your Honor.
Court: Objection sustained.
8
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
Defense counsel did not proffer the excluded testimony.
{¶23} “In most cases, the lack of a proffer would preclude the court from
determining the significance of the excluded testimony.” State v. Twyford, 94 Ohio
St.3d 340, 353, 763 N.E.2d 122 (2002); see Evid.R. 103(A) (“Error may not be
predicated upon a ruling which * * * excludes evidence unless * * * the substance of the
evidence was made known to the court by offer or was apparent from the context within
which questions were asked.”). However, from the context of the entire record, it is
apparent that Bennett intended to establish Hampton’s motive to lie based on a prior
parking altercation.
{¶24} Nonetheless, Bennett can prove neither an abuse of discretion nor proof
of material prejudice. As stated above, the prior altercation had minimal relevancy to
the allegations against Bennett, and the court heard other testimony of Hampton’s
motive to lie. Therefore, the trial court did not err in excluding direct-examination of
Basham on that issue.
{¶25} Bennett’s second assignment of error is overruled.
Conclusion
{¶26} For the foregoing reasons, Bennett’s assignments of error are overruled
and the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
M YERS , P.J., and W INKLER , J., concur.
Please note:
The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.
9