State v. Giarelli , 2023 Ohio 1134 ( 2023 )

[Cite as State v. Giarelli, 2023-Ohio-1134.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
STATE OF OHIO, :
Plaintiff-Appellant, :
No. 111525
v. :
THOMAS A. GIARELLI, :
Defendant-Appellee. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED AND REMANDED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: April 6, 2023
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-15-597782-C
Appearances:
Michael C. O’Malley, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting
Attorney, and Tasha L. Forchione, Assistant Prosecuting
Attorney, Frank R. Zeleznikar, Assistant Prosecuting
Attorney, for appellant.
Anthony J. Bondra, for appellee.
MARY J. BOYLE, J.:
Plaintiff-appellant, the state of Ohio (“State”), has asked us to
determine whether the trial court abused its discretion when it granted defendant-
appellee, Thomas A. Giarelli’s (“Giarelli”), Crim.R. 32.1 “Motion to Vacate Pleas to
Correct Manifest Injustice.” For the reasons set forth below, we affirm and remand
to the trial court for further proceedings.
I. Facts and Procedural History
This appeal stems from an incident that occurred on July 11, 2015, at
a residence in Solon, Ohio. The incident was investigated by the Solon Police
Department, who obtained written and oral statements from three alleged victims.
The victims claimed they were sleeping when 5-7 people came into the house; held
them up with a knife; restrained, threatened, hit, or otherwise told them not to
move; and took a phone, a tablet, and some cash.
On August 18, 2015, Giarelli and four codefendants were indicted in
an eight-count indictment.1 Count 1 charged each of them with aggravated burglary,
a felony of the first degree. Count 2 charged them with aggravated robbery, a felony
of the first degree. Counts 3 through 5 charged the defendants with robbery, a felony
of the second degree. Counts 6 through 8 charged them with kidnapping, a felony
of the first degree.
At a pretrial held on October 13, 2015, Giarelli and his codefendants
withdrew their previously entered not guilty pleas and pled guilty to two counts in
an amended indictment: Count 1 was amended to aggravated menacing, a
misdemeanor of the first degree, and Count 3 was amended to theft, a misdemeanor
1 To date, no appeals have been filed by Giarelli’s four codefendants.
of the first degree. Counts 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 were nolled as to all defendants. The
trial court stated:
Look it, if you’re expecting a lecture from me, it’s not going to happen.
I seriously suspect you-all have had lectures from people in your life
that are more important to you than me. I’m however going to share
with you some advice my father gave me, and that is that you are known
by the company you keep. You hang around with lowlives, you’re going
to look like a lowlife to anybody on the outside looking in. You got to
watch yourselves.
I’ll tell you guys, when you look at a case that comes down from felonies
of the first degree to misdemeanors of the first degree, you guys really
dodged a bullet. You really did. Even if you went to trial, if you had to
sit here for a week or so for a trial, you don’t know what the jury’s going
to do, even if you think in your mind they can’t convict me. It’s been
known to happen. This is a life-learning lesson, and I hope you can
appreciate it.
With that said, I don’t think you guys are a menace to society. At least
not yet, okay?
(Oct. 13, 2015, tr. 19-20.) Giarelli and his four codefendants were sentenced on the
same day their pleas were taken. The trial court sentenced all defendants to pay
court costs and a fine in the amount of $250.
On June 28, 2017, Giarelli, through his previous trial counsel, filed a
motion for expungement of his criminal record. The State filed a brief in opposition
and an expungement hearing was set for September 6, 2017.
On August 21, 2020, Giarelli’s trial counsel filed a “Motion to
Withdraw Guilty Plea.” The motion, however, consisted of a cover page with no facts
or arguments to support the motion. The State sought leave and filed a brief in
opposition on September 16, 2020. A hearing was set for October 26, 2020.
On October 26, 2020, a journal entry indicated that Giarelli’s
expungement hearing, scheduled that same day, was reset to November 23, 2020,
and again to January 6, 2021. A subsequent expungement hearing was set for
January 25, 2021. On May 5, 2021, the trial court issued a journal entry denying
Giarelli’s motion to withdraw his guilty plea and stated, “Motion denied on briefs
submitted to the court and judge/counsel conference.” In October 2021, an
expungement hearing was set for December 2, 2021.
On November 3, 2021, a new attorney for Giarelli filed a “Motion to
Vacate Guilty Pleas to Correct Manifest Injustice and to Declare Thomas Giarelli
Innocent of All Charges.” The motion set forth facts derived from the Solon Police
Department’s investigation of the July 2015 incident. Giarelli asserted that warrants
for falsification were issued for the three victims about one month after his plea.
These warrants alleged that the victims made false statements with the purpose of
misleading public officials on the same date and at the same location as the incident
from which Giarelli’s convictions resulted. Details from the subsequent prosecution
of the victims were included. Giarelli claimed:
“[I]t is clear and openly unjust” that the level of the alleged victims
untruthfulness was never revealed to counsel for the defendants from
the outset in this matter. It is obvious * * * that the Solon Police were
grandstanding until the felony cases resolved before proceeding to
charge the alleged victims with Falsification. If the alleged victims were
promptly charged, there is a substantial likelihood this matter would
not have been true billed by the grand jury.
Giarelli further alleged he and his mother were inaccurately advised
by his previous defense counsel that both charges he pled guilty to were expungable.
Giarelli also asserted he and his mother were never advised that his previous defense
counsel represented one of the alleged victims in the criminal proceedings stemming
from the victim’s falsification charge. Lastly, Giarelli claimed he was factually
innocent. These claims were supported by affidavits of Giarelli, Giarelli’s mother,
and one of the victims.
The following exhibits were filed with Giarelli’s “Motion to Vacate
Guilty Pleas to Correct Manifest Injustice and to Declare Thomas Giarelli Innocent
of All Charges”:
− The true bill indictment for Giarelli and his four codefendants.
− The transcript from the October 2015 plea hearing.
− Written statements obtained from police on July 11, 2015, from the three
victims.
− A narrative supplement to the Solon Police Department July 2015 incident
report indicating: “The charges against the original five defendants has
been adjudicated. Prosecutor Lon Stolarsky advised that M1 Falsification
charges could be filed against the three [victims] * * * for providing verbal
and written false statements related to the aggravated robbery to mislead
the investigation.” The narrative supplement also indicates, “On 11/11/15
I received approval from BMC to issue the arrest warrants for [the two
adult victims]. Due to [one victim] being a juvenile, Detective Morar will
forward the report to Cuyahoga County Juvenile Court for consideration
of charges against her.”
− The warrants issued for the two adult victims alleging false statements
were made with the purpose of misleading public officials on the same date
and at the same location as the incident from which Giarelli’s convictions
resulted.
− Journal entries from the criminal proceedings of the two adult victims.
In January 2016, one adult victim pled no contest to the amended charge
of obstructions of official business in violation, was found guilty, fined
$750 plus costs, and sentenced to serve 30 days in jail with 30 days
suspended. That victim was represented by Giarelli’s defense counsel.
In May 2016, the other adult victim pled no contest to falsification, was
found guilty, fined $250 plus costs with fines and costs suspended, and
ordered to serve three days in jail with three days credit given.
− A sworn affidavit of Giarelli wherein he attested, “During the course of the
[July 2015] incident I never entered the home * * *. I stood outside the
doorway very briefly then left the area.” Giarelli also “never suggested or
encouraged anyone to enter the home”; “never removed, restricted the
movement of, or confined anyone at the house”; and “never took, or
encouraged anyone to take any property from anyone at the house
including cash, pills, drugs, a telephone or otherwise”; and “never
threatened anyone at the house, or encouraged anyone else to threaten
anyone at the house.”
Giarelli further attested his original defense counsel told him Aggravated
Menacing and Theft were expungable offenses throughout pretrial plea
negotiations. Giarelli retained original defense counsel to represent him
when he moved for expungement of his record and for withdrawal of his
guilty pleas. He swore, “At no time prior to accepting our expungement
retainer [and the retainer to file the motion to withdraw the pleas], was I
told by [original defense counsel], nor did I know, that he represented [one
of the adult victims] on the Falsification charges in Bedford Municipal
Court stemming from this incident.”
− A sworn affidavit of Giarelli’s mother also attesting that throughout
pretrial plea negotiations, original defense counsel advised that every
charge Giarelli eventually pled guilty to was expungable. She further
attested original defense counsel was retained to file the expungement and
withdrawal of guilty plea motions and made no mention of his
representation of one of the adult victims.
− A sworn affidavit of one of the adult victims attesting:
As far as Thomas Giarelli is concerned, despite what we
initially told the investigating officers, he was not involved
in any aspect of the incident. From what I recall, Thomas
Giarelli did not enter the home that morning.
Additionally, Thomas Giarelli, as far as I witnessed, never
suggested or encouraged anyone to enter the home that
morning. At no time did Thomas Giarelli take anything
from anyone, or restrict anyone’s movement.
The State filed a brief in opposition one week later. It argued Giarelli’s
motion was untimely, Giarelli failed to present any explanation justifying the alleged
delay, and that the alleged delay adversely affects Giarelli’s credibility. The State
further asserted res judicata barred Giarelli from filing successive motions to
withdraw his guilty pleas on issues that could have been raised in the first motion.
The State also claimed Giarelli failed to demonstrate a manifest injustice occurred
because 1) the pleas were voluntarily entered; 2) misinformation on future
expungement possibilities did not require withdrawal; and 3) Giarelli’s affidavit
recounted facts that were legally sufficient to establish guilt as a getaway driver.
Lastly, the State argued the motion should be denied without a hearing.
The State included the following exhibits in support of their brief in
opposition:
− The transcript from the October 2015 plea hearing.
− Portions of the Solon Police Department’s July 2015 incident report
indicating police suspected the victims were not telling the truth and
warned the victims they could be charged if false information was
provided.
− The May 2021 journal entry denying Giarelli’s “Motion to Withdraw Guilty
Plea.”
− A narrative supplement to the Solon Police Department July 2015 incident
report indicating police suspected the victims were not telling the truth
and warned the victims they could be charged if false information was
provided.
An attorney conference was scheduled December 20, 2021. The State
filed supplemental authority to the trial court on April 5, 2022. In an entry filed May
2, 2022, the trial court granted Giarelli’s motion in part: “Defense motion to vacate
pleas is granted. Case will be re-instated. Defense motion to declare Thomas
Giarelli innocent of all charges is denied.”
It is from this order that the State appeals, raising the following
assignment of error for review:
Assignment of Error: The Trial Court erred when it granted
[Giarelli]’s successive motion to withdraw guilty plea.
II. Law and Analysis
Crim.R. 32.1 provides: “A motion to withdraw a plea of guilty or no
contest may be made only before sentence is imposed; but to correct manifest
injustice the court after sentence may set aside the judgment of conviction and
permit the defendant to withdraw his or her plea.” The rule itself does not prescribe
a time limitation for the filing of a motion to withdraw a guilty plea after a sentence
is imposed. Crim.R. 32.1.
Manifest injustice is an extremely high standard. The Supreme Court
of Ohio has defined “manifest injustice” as “a clear or openly unjust act.” State ex
rel. Schneider v. Kreiner, 83 Ohio St.3d 203, 208, 699 N.E.2d 83 (1998). A
“manifest injustice” relates to a fundamental flaw in the plea proceedings, resulting
in a miscarriage of justice. State v. Tekulve, 188 Ohio App.3d 792, 2010-Ohio-3604,
936 N.E.2d 1030, ¶ 7 (1st Dist.), citing Kreiner at 208 and State v. Smith, 49 Ohio
St.2d 261, 264, 361 N.E.2d 1324 (1977). The term has been previously defined, but
it is clear that under such standards, a postsentence withdrawal of a guilty plea is
allowed only in extraordinary cases. Smith at 264 (holding Crim.R. 32.1 permits a
defendant to withdraw his plea only in extraordinary cases); State v. Williams, 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 110941, 2022-Ohio-2043, ¶ 21 (noting manifest injustice is an
extremely high standard). The defendant moving for a postsentence withdrawal of
guilty plea has the burden of establishing the existence of a manifest injustice. Smith
at paragraph one of syllabus.
The decision to grant or deny a Crim.R. 32.1 motion is committed to
the sound discretion of the trial court. Smith at paragraph two of the syllabus.
“[T]he good faith, credibility and weight of the movant’s assertions in support of the
motion are matters to be resolved by the trial court.” Id. at 264. The trial court’s
decision will not be reversed on appeal absent an abuse of discretion. Id., citing
State v. Xie, 62 Ohio St.3d 521, 584 N.E.2d 715 (1992). “The term ‘abuse of
discretion’ connotes more than an error of law or judgment; it implies that the
court’s attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable.” Blakemore v.
Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983). More recently, the Ohio
Supreme Court explained the abuse-of-discretion standard is “‘commonly employed
to justify an interference by a higher court with the exercise of discretionary power
by a lower court, implies not merely error of judgment, but perversity of will,
passion, prejudice, partiality, or moral delinquency.’” Johnson v. Abdullah, 166
Ohio St.3d 427, 2021-Ohio-3304, 187 N.E.3d 463, ¶ 35, quoting Black’s Law
Dictionary 11 (2d Ed.1910).
It is well-settled that when applying an abuse-of-discretion standard
of review, an appellate court is not permitted to substitute its judgment for that of
the trial court. In re Jane Doe 1, 57 Ohio St.3d 135, 566 N.E.2d 1181 (1991); Berk v.
Matthews, 53 Ohio St.3d 161, 559 N.E.2d 1301 (1990); Kapadia v. Kapadia, 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 94456, 2011-Ohio-2255, ¶ 7, citing Marx v. Marx, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 83681, 2004-Ohio-3740; Schumann v. Schumann, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga Nos. 83404 and 83631, 2005-Ohio-91, ¶ 42; Di v. Cleveland Clinic
Found., 2016-Ohio-686, 60 N.E.3d 582, ¶ 72 (8th Dist.). Rather, a “reviewing court
should be guided by a presumption that the findings of a trial court are correct * *
*.” In re Jane Doe 1 at 138. See, e.g., State v. Hale, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 100447,
2014-Ohio-3322 (“Without knowledge of * * * potentially exculpatory evidence, it
cannot be said that Hale entered his plea knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily.
The trial court’s decision finding that a manifest injustice was demonstrated by Hale
was neither arbitrary, unreasonable, or unconscionable.”).
Here, Giarelli argues the following to establish the existence of a
manifest injustice in his Civ.R. 32.1 motion to vacate his guilty plea:
− newly discovered exculpatory evidence;
− false information provided to police by the three alleged victims;
− subsequent prosecution of the three victims for falsification after Giarelli
pled guilty and was sentenced;
− involvement of Giarelli’s original defense counsel in the representation of
one of the victims;
− misinformation regarding the consequences of his guilty pleas;
− effect of plea was unknown; and
− guilty plea was unknowing, involuntary, and unintelligent due to
ineffective assistance of counsel.
The State maintains res judicata prevented the trial court from
granting a successive motion to withdraw Giarelli’s guilty plea. The State argues the
transcript from the October 2015 plea hearing indicates Giarelli’s guilty pleas were
entered into knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently and there was no flaw in the
plea proceeding that created a manifest injustice. The State also asserts newly
discovered evidence or claims of innocence cannot establish a manifest injustice
because Giarelli freely admitted guilt by pleading guilty and removed the issue from
the case. Lastly, the State argues that any alleged expungement misinformation
received from original defense counsel at the time of the plea, the existence of which
was established through self-serving affidavits from Giarelli and his mother, does
not require withdrawal of Giarelli’s guilty pleas. And even if it did, there is nothing
in the record that indicates Giarelli would not have pled guilty but for counsel’s
advice that both offenses were expungable.
This court recognizes that the doctrine of res judicata bars all claims
raised in a Crim.R. 32.1 motion that were raised or could have been raised in a prior
proceeding, including a direct appeal. See State v. Gaston, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
82628, 2003-Ohio-5825, ¶ 8, quoting State v. Szefcyk, 77 Ohio St.3d 93, 671 N.E.2d
233 (1996). However, we also recognize that res judicata should not defeat the ends
of justice. In AJZ’s Hauling, L.L.C. v. Trunorth Warranty Programs of N. Am., 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 109632, 2021-Ohio-1190, ¶ 37, we held “it would be
unreasonable and unjust to rigidly apply the doctrine of res judicata to prohibit the
trial court from reconsidering its prior ruling in the first case.” Indeed, the
application of res judicata should not work as an injustice:
[T]he doctrine of res judicata is to be applied in particular situations as
fairness and justice require, and that it is not to be applied so rigidly
as to defeat the ends of justice or so as to work an injustice.
“***
“Underlying all discussion of the problem must be the principle of
fundamental fairness in the due process sense. The public policy
underlying the principle of res judicata must be considered together
with the policy that a party shall not be deprived of a fair adversary
proceeding in which to present his case. * * * ”
(Emphasis and ellipsis sic.) Grava v. Parkman Twp., 73 Ohio St.3d 379, 386, 653
N.E.2d 226 (1995) (Douglas, J., dissenting), quoting 46 American Jurisprudence 2d,
Judgments, Section 522, at 786-787 (1994), and citing Goodson v. McDonough
Power Equip., Inc., 2 Ohio St.3d 193, 202, 443 N.E.2d 978 (1983); State ex. rel.
Estate of Miles v. Piketon, 121 Ohio St.3d 231, 2009-Ohio-786, 903 N.E.2d 311, ¶ 30
(“The binding effect of res judicata has been held not to apply when fairness and
justice would not support it.”).
Here, Giarelli’s earlier motion to withdraw his guilty pleas was
prepared by his previous trial counsel and presented no arguments or evidence in
support of Giarelli’s position. Res judicata is the principle that a cause of action may
not be relitigated once it has been judged on its merits. Giarelli’s first postsentence
motion to withdraw his pleas was not judged on its merits as evidenced by the trial
court’s ruling that indicated the motion, a cover page without any support or basis,
was denied based upon “briefs submitted to the court * * *.” This is contrasted with
Giarelli’s second postsentence motion to vacate his guilty pleas to correct a manifest
injustice, which was prepared by his new counsel and included evidence alleging
Giarelli’s noninvolvement in the incident; newly discovered exculpatory evidence as
to the credibility of the alleged victims and veracity of their statements to police;
misinformation regarding the consequences of his guilty pleas; and questionable
conduct of Giarelli’s trial counsel both before and after the plea hearing. Thus, in the
interest of fairness and justice, res judicata is not applicable here.
Turning to the trial court’s ruling on Giarelli’s motion to vacate his
guilty pleas to correct a manifest injustice, we cannot say that the court abused its
discretion. The trial court is charged with the responsibility to properly weigh the
evidence, determine credibility, and apply the law. Notably, the same trial court
judge presided over the entire case of Giarelli and his four codefendants from its
inception, i.e., indictment, discovery, pretrials, plea and sentencing proceedings,
and motion practice. The trial court judge was in the best position to balance the
issues and determine whether a manifest injustice had, in fact, occurred. Based on
the facts and circumstances of the underlying case, the trial court’s decision to grant
Giarelli’s motion to vacate his guilty pleas and reinstate the case was neither
arbitrary, unreasonable, or unconscionable. Nor did the decision demonstrate
perversity of will, passion, prejudice, partiality, or moral delinquency. For this court
to conclude otherwise would undermine the discretion accorded to the trial court
and its balancing of the evidence presented, the legal issues raised, and the
credibility of those involved and the motion itself.
Therefore, the State’s assignment of error is overruled.
III. Conclusion
The trial court did not abuse its discretion in granting Giarelli’s post-
sentence Crim.R. 32.1 motion to vacate his guilty pleas. The trial judge, who
presided over Giarelli’s case from its onset, was in the best position to balance the
credibility of the evidence, parties, and motions with the legal issues raised. We
cannot say that the trial court’s decision to correct this manifest injustice was
arbitrary, unreasonable, unconscionable, or demonstrative of perversity of will,
passion, prejudice, partiality, or moral delinquency.
Accordingly, the judgment is affirmed and the matter is remanded for
further proceedings.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the
common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. Case remanded to the
trial court for further proceedings.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
_______________________
MARY J. BOYLE, JUDGE
LISA B. FORBES, P.J., and
MICHAEL JOHN RYAN, J., CONCUR