State v. Spurling , 2022 Ohio 670 ( 2022 )

[Cite as State v. Spurling, 2022-Ohio-670.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-210287
TRIAL NO. B-1701298
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
vs. : OPINION
LEDON SPURLING, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas
Judgment Appealed From Is: Affirmed as Modified
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: March 9, 2022
Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and Keith Sauter,
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
Ledon Spurling, pro se.
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
BOCK, Judge.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Ledon Spurling appeals the Hamilton County
Common Pleas Court’s judgment overruling his motion to terminate his postrelease
control. Because the common pleas court lacked jurisdiction to entertain Spurling’s
postconviction motion and should have dismissed it, we modify the trial court’s
judgment to reflect a dismissal of Spurling’s motion and affirm the judgment as
modified.
{¶2} Following a bench trial in 2017, Spurling was convicted of aggravated
burglary, a first-degree felony, and sentenced to four years in prison with a five-year
term of postrelease control. This court affirmed that judgment of conviction and
sentence on direct appeal. State v. Spurling, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-170531 (Jun. 27,
2018), appeal not accepted, 153 Ohio St.3d 1476, 2018-Ohio-3637, 106 N.E.3d 1261.
{¶3} In March 2021, Spurling moved the court of common pleas to terminate
his postrelease control because he had not been informed of the mandatory nature of
his postrelease control pursuant to R.C. 2967.28. The common pleas court denied his
motion and Spurling now appeals, arguing in a single assignment of error that the trial
court erred by overruling his motion to terminate postrelease control.
No Common Pleas Court Jurisdiction
{¶4} Spurling did not specify in his motion a statute or rule under which the
relief he sought may have been granted. Therefore, the common pleas court was left to
“recast” the motion “into whatever category necessary to identify and establish the
criteria by which the motion should be judged.” State v. Schlee, 117 Ohio St.3d 153,
2008-Ohio-545, 882 N.E.2d 431, ¶ 12. But Spurling’s motion to terminate postrelease
control was not reviewable under any postconviction procedure provided by rule or
statute.
{¶5} The motion alleged a statutory, rather than a constitutional, violation.
Therefore, it was not reviewable under the standards provided by R.C. 2953.21 et seq.,
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
governing the proceedings upon a petition for postconviction relief. See R.C.
2953.21(A)(1) (requiring a postconviction petitioner to demonstrate a constitutional
violation in the proceedings resulting in his conviction). The motion was also not
reviewable as a motion for a new trial under Crim.R. 33 or as a motion to withdraw a
guilty or no-contest plea under Crim.R. 32.1, because Spurling was not convicted upon
guilty or no-contest pleas, but following a trial, and the motion did not seek a new trial.
The motion was not reviewable under R.C. Chapter 2731 as a petition for a writ of
mandamus, under R.C. Chapter 2721 as a declaratory judgment action, or under R.C.
Chapter 2725 as a petition for a writ of habeas corpus, because the motion did not
satisfy those statutes’ procedural requirements. See R.C. 2731.04, 2721.12(A), and
2725.04. And Crim.R. 57(B) did not require the common pleas court to entertain the
motion under Civ.R. 60(B), because Spurling’s sentence was reviewable under the
procedures provided for in a direct appeal. Therefore, the common pleas court had no
jurisdiction to entertain the motion.
{¶6} Spurling asserts that a court always has jurisdiction to correct a void
judgment. We agree. See State ex rel. Cruzado v. Zaleski, 111 Ohio St.3d 353, 2006-
Ohio-5795, 856 N.E.2d 263, ¶ 19. Spurling argues that his sentence for aggravated
burglary is void and must be vacated because it was not imposed in conformity with the
statute governing the imposition of postrelease control. But Spurling’s 2017 judgment
of conviction and sentence for aggravated burglary is not void.
{¶7} Spurling cites to State v. Fisher, 128 Ohio St.3d 92, 2010-Ohio-6238,
942 N.E.2d 332, ¶ 8, for the proposition that the imposition of a sentence contrary to
the statutory mandates concerning postrelease control renders that part of the sentence
void and subject to review and correction at any time before the expiration of the
original sentence. But recently, in State v. Harper, 160 Ohio St.3d 480, 2020-Ohio-
2913, 159 N.E.3d 248, the Ohio Supreme Court “realign[ed]” its void-versus-voidable
jurisprudence with “the traditional understanding of what constitutes a void judgment,”
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
to hold that “[w]hen a case is within a court’s subject-matter jurisdiction and the
accused is properly before the court, any error in the exercise of that jurisdiction in
imposing postrelease control renders the court’s judgment voidable,” not void. Id. at ¶
4-5 and 41-43. Thus, the portion of Fisher on which Spurling relies is no longer good
law. See id.{¶8} Article IV, Section 4(B), of the Ohio Constitution and R.C. 2931.03
confer upon a common pleas court subject-matter jurisdiction over felony cases. See
Harper at ¶ 23-25 (noting that “[s]ubject-matter jurisdiction refers to the constitutional
or statutory power of a court to adjudicate a particular class or type of case”). And a
court has jurisdiction over a person appearing before it under a valid indictment. See
Stacy v. Van Coren, 18 Ohio St.2d 188, 189, 248 N.E.2d 603 (1969); Page v. Green, 174
Ohio St. 178, 178-179, 187 N.E.2d 592 (1963).
{¶9} Spurling appeared before the common pleas court under his 2017
indictment for the felony offense of aggravated burglary. The charge was tried to the
court and the common pleas court acted within its subject-matter jurisdiction in finding
Spurling guilty of, and sentencing him for, the charged offense. Consequently, any error
in imposing postrelease control rendered that part of the sentence voidable, not void.
Therefore, the common pleas court could not have exercised its jurisdiction to correct a
void judgment to afford Spurling the relief he sought in his postconviction motion.
{¶10} Because the common pleas court did not have jurisdiction to review the
merits of Spurling’s motion under any postconviction procedure provided by rule or
statute or under its jurisdiction to correct a void judgment, it should have dismissed
Spurling’s motion. Therefore, under App.R. 12(B), we modify the common pleas court’s
judgment to reflect a dismissal of Spurling’s motion, and affirm that judgment as
modified.
Judgment affirmed as modified.
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
CROUSE, P.J., and WINKLER, J., concur.
Please note:
The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.
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