Missouri, O. G. Ry. Co. v. Gentry , 31 Okla. 579 ( 1912 )

This action for damages to realty, growing out of the alleged setting fire by a spark from a locomotive to certain premises, by which certain fruit trees and other fixtures were destroyed or damaged, was originally brought by William E. Gentry, as guardian for said minor, Rachel Jane Gentry, on March 17, 1906. At the erection of the state, the case was transferred from the United States District Court of the Indian Territory at Muskogee to the state district court of Muskogee county.

The plaintiff in error and the defendant in error will be hereafter referred to respectively as defendant and plaintiff.

On November 11, 1908, the attorney of record for plaintiff, in open court, suggested the death of the guardian, William E. Gentry, and asked that Sallie Gentry be substituted as next friend for said minor. The order, as set out in the record, is as follows:

"Be it further remembered that on the 11th day of November, 1908, the defendant in error herein appeared in the district court of Muskogee county, state of Oklahoma, where this cause is pending, and suggested the death of William E. Gentry, guardian of the plaintiff, and further suggested that Sallie Gentry as next friend become the plaintiff in this cause, which motion was granted by the court, and the said Sallie Gentry is permitted to file her amended petition and on Friday, November 13, 1908, the said amended petition is filed. * * *"

Neither was any objection made nor exception taken at that time to the action of the court in said matter.

This being a pending action at the time of the erection of the state, the procedure as it existed in the Indian Territory applies. Wheatland Grain Lumber Co. et al. v. Dowden,26 Okla. 441, 110 P. 898; M., K. T. Ry. Co. v. Walker,27 Okla. 849, 113 P. 907; Freeman v. Eldridge, 26 Okla. 601,110 P. 1057; Pacific Mutual Ins. Co. v. Adams, 27 Okla. 496,112 P. 1026; St. Louis S. F. R. R. Co. v. Cundeiff, 171 Fed. 319, 96 Cow. C. A. 211.

Section 3160 (Mansf. Dig. sec. 4955; S. H. D. sec. 5645; G. D. sec. 4491), Ind. Ter. St. 1899, provides:

"The action of an infant must be brought by his guardian or his next friend; but the court has power to dismiss it if it is not for the benefit of the infant, or to substitute the guardian of the infant or another person as the next friend."

The real party in interest was the minor. The guardian, in bringing said action, brings it in the name of the ward, by himself as guardian; in case of the next friend, in the name of the minor by himself as next friend.

Section 3436 (Mansf. Dig. sec. 5231; S. H. sec. 5920), Ind. Ter. St. 1899, provides:

"In all cases where suits may be instituted, and either plaintiff or defendant may die pending the same, it shall be lawful for the court before which such suit or suits may be pending, on the motion of any party interested, to appoint a special administrator, in whose name the cause shall be revived, and said suit or suits shall progress, in all respects, in his name with like effect as if the plaintiff or defendant (as the case may be) had remained in full life."

The revival contemplated in this case is where the party in interest died. For instance, had the ward died, the relation of guardian and ward would have ceased and the guardian would be required to make a settlement with the ward's administrator and action would be required to be prosecuted in the name of the administrator, or in some cases by the heirs. Harper v. Seely, Wright (Ohio) 390; Wakefield v. Marr, 65 Me. 34; Harnett v.Morris, 10 N.Y. Civ. Proc. R. 223; Bentley v. Torbert, 68 Iowa, 122, 25 N.W. 939; Steelman v. Cox, 3 N.J. Law, 953; Zellner v.Cleveland, 69 Ga. 631. The court in this case, the legal guardian having died, permitted the action to be prosecuted by a next friend, which it was authorized to do. However, no objection was made to said action of the court until December 15, 1908, after defendant's motion for a continuance had been overruled. Later, on the same day, its answer to the amended petition was filed. See, also, Brown v. Hillman et al.,29 Okla. 205, 116 P. 775.

It is insisted that that part of the instruction, "that if the fire which injured the property described in the complaint was originally set on its right of way by sparks of fire emitted from defendant's engine, and afterwards communicated to said property, then the presumption will be that the fire resulted from defendant's negligence, and, to rebut such presumption, the defendant must show the fire and the communication thereof to said property did not result from the negligence of it, the said railway company, or its officers or employees, both as to the manner of equipping and handling the engine which set the fire and as to the condition of its right of way from whence the fire was communicated to the property in question," is erroneous in that it puts the burden upon the railway company to prove that it was not negligent in the manner of its maintaining its right of way.

This instruction went too far, in that it put the burden upon the railway company to show that it was not negligent in the manner in which it kept its right of way in permitting the growth of weeds, grass, etc. Kesee v. Chicago N.W. R. R. Co., 30 Iowa, 78, 6 Am. Rep. 643; B. . M. R. R. Co. v. Westover,4 Neb. 274; Gulf, Colorado Santa Fe Ry. Co. v. Benson, 69 Tex. 407, 5 S.W. 822, 5 Am. St. Rep. 74; Kellogg v. Chicago N.W.Ry. Co., 26 Wis. 228, 7 Am. Rep. 69; Ohio Mississippi R. R.Co. v. Shanefelt, 47 Ill. 497, 95 Am. Dec. 504; Indiana, I. I. R. Co. v. Hawkins, 84 Ill. App. 39.

The presumption was that the fire resulted from defendant's negligence as to the manner of equipping and handling the engine which set out the fire, if it was set out by sparks emitted from such engine, and the burden was upon the railway company to overcome this presumption. St. Louis, I. M. S. R.Co. v. Lawrence, 4 Ind. T. 611, 76 S.W. 255; Lesser Cotton Co.v. Railway Co., 114 Fed. 133, 52 Cow. C. A. 99; Eddy v.Lafayette, 163 U.S. 456, 16 Sup. Ct. 1082, 41 L. Ed. 225; Id., 49 Fed. 807, 1 Cow. C. A. 441.

But no such presumption arose as to the condition of the right of way. Although the railway company may not have been guilty of negligence as to the manner of equipping and handling the engine, and established that to a reasonable certainty to the satisfaction of the jury, yet, if in a negligent manner it permitted inflammable matter to accumulate upon its right of way and failed to remove the same and fire was set to such inflammable matter by its engine, though there was no negligence in the equipping and handling of said engine, and such fire was communicated to adjacent property of another and destroyed and damaged the same, there would be a liability for that act of negligence in the permitting or causing to accumulate the inflammable matter upon its right of way, such negligence to be proved just as any other fact would be established by the plaintiff. Kellogg v. Chicago N.W. Ry.Co., 26 Wis. 228, 7 Am. Rep. 69.

Further, although there may have been no negligence in the permitting or causing to accumulate inflammable matter upon the right of way, yet if there was negligence in the equipping and handling of the engine, and such negligence is presumed, and the fire was set out on the right of way by sparks emitted from the engine and was communicated to the adjoining property of another, which was thereby destroyed, still the railway company would be liable. See, also, Norfolk Western R. Co. v. Fritts,103 Va. 687.

The other errors complained of are not likely to arise upon another trial, and for that reason we will not consider them.

It follows, for the error in the foregoing instruction, that the cause must be reversed, and a new trial ordered.

All the Justices concur.