Berkeihiser v. DIBARTOLOMERO , 413 Pa. 158 ( 1964 )

Opinion by

Mr. Justice O’Brien,

This appeal arises out of a collision of two automobiles going in opposite directions on a narrow rural road. Appellee was operating her automobile, with her mother a passenger, southbound on Route 841, about a mile north of West Grove, Chester County. Appellant was driving alone, northbound. It was early in the afternoon of February 18, 1961. There was a thick fog at the time of the collision which interfered with the visibility of both drivers. Both cars were proceeding with their headlights burning. On the west side of the highway, to the right of appellee’s car, there existed a snow bank about tbe height of her car and extending onto the paved portion of the roadway about eight inches. There was snow on the east side of the highway but it did not extend onto the paved portion of the highway, nor did it cover the berm to the extent of preventing vehicles from using the berm. The automobiles collided, injuring the appellee and immediately killing her mother, Both drivers were injured, the appellee more so than the appellant. Both car's wére totally destroyed.

The jury awarded plaintiff-appellee the amount of $38,920.64. The defendant-appellant filed motions for judgment n.o.v. and for a new trial. The court denied the motion for judgment n.o.v. and denied the motion for new trial on the issue of liability, granting the new trial confined to the issue of the amount due the appellee by reason of the appellant’s negligence. This appeal followed.

Appellant contends there was insufficient evidence, as a matter of law, to establish his negligence. The record discloses a conflict in the evidence presented. The appellee presented testimony to indicate that the appellant drove his car into appellee on her side of the road, while she was as near as possible to the snow bank on her right. She testified that she was stopped, or just about stopped, at the time of the collision, when she saw the other car coming toward her. The appellant presented evidence to show that his car was off .the highway, on the east side, on the berm at the time of the collision, and that the appellee was on her wrong side of the road. The highway was a black top road about fourteen and a half feet wide. There was one witness to the collision who was operating her automobile southbound following the appellee. The testimony of the parties was in conflict to the extent that each called this witness to corroborate the litigant’s version of how the collision occurred.

In considering, a motion for judgment n.o.v., the evidence together with all reasonable inferences therefrom, are considered in the light most favorable to the verdict winner. Chambers v. Montgomery, 411 Pa. 339, 192 A. 2d 355 (1963); Ischo v. Bailey, 403 Pa. 281, 169 A. 2d 38 (1961); Staszak v. Seibely 401 Pa. 494, 165 A. 2d 1 (1960). Viewing the evidence in this light, -the court'below properly refused the motion for judgment n.o.v. The factual issue was clearly for the jury. Eisert v. Jones, 408 Pa. 73, 182. A. 2d 717 (1962).

' . The appellant assigned as error the granting of the new trial limited .to. the issue of damages only. The "trial judge found the verdict to be excessive and would have ordered a remittitur if it were not for the. fact that he neglected to charge the jury on the law of present worth. . Counsel also neglected- to call the court’s attention to this omission. - .

The Superior Court recently had'before it a situation similar to the instant case where the .evidence was conflicting to such an extent that reasonable men could difier as to the conclusion. In Caine v. Collins, 194 Pa. Superior Ct. 230, 235, 166 A. 2d 675 (1960), it said: “We are clearly of the opinion, however, that the instant case does not present one of those comparatively infrequent. situations wherein a new. trial should be granted and limited solely to the issue of damages'. The power to grant a limited new trial is one which should be cautiously exercised: Salemmo v. Dolan, 192 Pa. Superior Ct. 56, 159 A. 2d 265. Ordinarily the grant of a new trial means a new trial generally;.it restores a'case to the status it had before the trial took place, fully open to be tried de novo as .to all parties and all issues: Mains v. Moore, 189 Pa. Superior. Ct. 430, 150 A. 2d 549. In the words of Judge Woodside in Friedman v. Matovich, 191 Pa. Superior Ct. 275, 156 A. 2d 608: To draw the line so that limiting new trials to the Amount of damages becomes the general rule iiistead of the exception will not aid, but hinder, the administration of justice’. The court below relied primarily on Cason v. Smith, 188 Pa. Superior Ct. 376, 146 A. 2d 634, wherein a majority of this court felt that the issue of liability had been so definitely and conclusively settled by the verdict that reasonable men could not be expected to arrive at a different conclusion. That is obviously not the situation in the case at bar. The testimony in this record concerning appellant’s liability made that issue at most a question for the jury.”

We have in Daugherty v. Erie Railroad Co., 403 Pa. 334, 169 A. 2d 549 (1961), circumstances in which it was proper to limit the new trial to the assessment of damages wherein we said, page 342: “What was said by the Superior Court in the case of Cason v. Smith, 188 Pa. Superior Ct. 376, would well apply to the case at bar: ‘We have recognized that, where the question of liability has been fairly determined and defendant makes no complaint in respect thereto, it is not improper to eliminate the issue of negligence, from further consideration by the jury at the new trial ... In this case defendant’s negligence was fairly determined and fully established by the evidence. Defendant makes no complaint of any trial errors affecting the matter of liability. In fact, defendant made no request for a new trial. We may assume, since defendant does not suggest otherwise and the contrary does not appear, that the issue of liability was tried without error .... Viewing the trial as a whole, and considering all the evidence and circumstances, it is also apparent that the negligence on the part of defendant was substantively established with little room for doubt. . . .

“ ‘Under all the circumstances, we cannot say that the court below manifestly or grossly abused its discretion in eliminating the issue of defendant’s negligence from further consideration at the new trial’ ”. See also Sternberg v. Dixon, 411 Pa. 543, 192 A. 2d 359 (1963).

We believe tbe lower court committed an abuse of discretion in awarding tbe new trial limited to tbe assessment of damages only. We need not discuss the appellant’s other reasons for the grant of a new trial. A new trial is granted generally.

The order of the court below, as modified, is affirmed.