Gardner v. Hobbs , 439 S.W.3d 663 ( 2014 )

Cite as 2014 Ark. 346
SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS
No. CV-13-801
Opinion Delivered September 4, 2014
PRO SE APPEAL FROM THE
WALLACE GARDNER JEFFERSON COUNTY CIRCUIT
APPELLANT COURT AND PRO SE MOTION
FOR APPOINTMENT OF COUNSEL
V. [NO. 35CV-13-114]
HONORABLE JODI RAINES
RAY HOBBS, DIRECTOR, DENNIS, JUDGE
ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF
CORRECTION AFFIRMED; MOTION FOR
APPELLEE APPOINTMENT OF COUNSEL
DENIED.
PER CURIAM
In 2004, appellant Wallace Gardner was found guilty by a jury of capital murder and
aggravated robbery. He was sentenced as a habitual offender to an aggregate term of life
imprisonment without parole. We affirmed. Gardner v. State, 364 Ark. 506, 221 S.W.3d 339
(2006).
In 2013, appellant, who was incarcerated at a unit of the Arkansas Department of
Correction located in Jefferson County, filed a pro se petition for writ of habeas corpus in the
Jefferson County Circuit Court.1 In the petition, he raised the following claims: the felony
information violated the constitutional prohibition against double jeopardy because it was
necessary to prove the underlying offense of aggravated robbery to prove the offense of capital
murder, and he was denied equal protection and due process of law; he is actually innocent
1
As of the date of this opinion, appellant remains incarcerated in Jefferson County.
Cite as 2014 Ark. 346
of the offenses; the evidence adduced at trial was insufficient to sustain the judgment; he was
not afforded effective assistance of of counsel. The circuit court denied the habeas petition,
and
appellant brings this appeal. Appellant has also filed a motion for appointment of counsel to
represent him on appeal.
In his brief, appellant repeats the claims raised in the habeas petition pertaining to
double jeopardy, sufficiency of the evidence, and ineffective assistance of counsel and also
argues other points that were not raised below. Interspersed with the sufficiency-of-the-
evidence argument, appellant contends that he is actually innocent of the offenses.2
A circuit court’s denial of habeas relief will not be reversed unless the court’s findings are
clearly erroneous. Sanders v. Straughn, 2014 Ark. 312, ___ S.W.3d ___ (per curiam) (citing
Henderson v. State, 2014 Ark. 180 (per curiam)). A finding is clearly erroneous when, although
there is evidence to support it, the appellate court, after reviewing the entire evidence, is left with
the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed. Bryant v. Hobbs, 2014 Ark.
287 (per curiam); Tolefree v. State, 2014 Ark. 26 (per curiam) (citing Hill v. State, 2013 Ark. 413
(per curiam)). Because it is clear from the record that the circuit court did not err in its order,
appellant’s motion for appointment of counsel is denied, and the order is affirmed.
A writ of habeas corpus is proper only when a judgment of conviction is invalid on its
face or when a trial court lacked jurisdiction over the cause. Bryant, 2014 Ark. 287; Girley v.
2
Claims argued below but not on appeal are considered abandoned. Springs v. State, 2012
Ark. 87, 387 S.W.3d 143.
2
Cite as 2014 Ark. 346
Hobbs, 2012 Ark. 447 (per curiam); Abernathy v. Norris, 2011 Ark. 335 (per curiam). The
burden is on the petitioner in a habeas-corpus petition to establish that the circuit court lacked
jurisdiction or that the commitment was invalid on its face; otherwise, there is no basis for a
finding that a writ of habeas corpus should issue. Bryant, 2014 Ark. 287 (citing Young v.
Norris, 365 Ark. 219, 226 S.W.3d 797 (2006) (per curiam)). Under our statute, a petitioner
who does not proceed under Act 1780 of 2001 Acts of Arkansas must plead either the facial
invalidity or the lack of jurisdiction by the trial court and must additionally make a showing
by affidavit or other evidence of probable cause to believe that he is illegally detained. Ark.
Code Ann. § 16-112-103(a)(1) (Repl. 2006); Murphy v. State, 2013 Ark. 155 (per curiam);
Murry v. Hobbs, 2013 Ark. 64 (per curiam). Proceedings for the writ are not intended to
require an extensive review of the record of the trial proceedings, and the court’s inquiry into
the validity of the judgment is limited to the face of the commitment order. Murphy, 2013
Ark. 155.
With respect to appellant’s double-jeopardy claim, some claims of double jeopardy are
cognizable in a habeas proceeding. Meadows v. State, 2013 Ark. 440 (per curiam); see also
Flowers v. Norris, 347 Ark. 760, 68 S.W.3d 289 (2002). Detention for an illegal period of time
is precisely what a writ of habeas corpus is designed to correct. Meadows, 2013 Ark. 440. But,
when a double-jeopardy claim does not allege that, on the face of the commitment order,
there was an illegal sentence imposed on a conviction, the claim does not implicate the
jurisdiction of the court to hear the case, and the claim is not one cognizable in a habeas
proceeding. Id.; Burgie v. Hobbs, 2013 Ark. 360 (per curiam). To the extent that appellant
3
Cite as 2014 Ark. 346
may have stated a cognizable double-jeopardy claim, it was without merit.
The double jeopardy clauses of the United States and Arkansas Constitutions protect
criminal defendants from multiple punishments for the same offense. See Cothren v. State, 344
Ark. 697, 42 S.W.3d 543 (2001) (citing Wilcox v. State, 342 Ark. 388, 39 S.W.3d 434 (2000)
and North Carolina v. Pearce, 395 U.S. 711 (1969)). We have held that trial courts have
specific authority to sentence a defendant for the underlying felony supporting a capital-
murder charge, as well as the felony of capital murder itself. Burgie, 2013 Ark. 360 (citing
Jackson v. State, 2013 Ark. 19 (per curiam)); see also Clark v. State, 373 Ark. 161, 282 S.W.3d
801 (2008) (citing Walker v. State, 353 Ark. 12, 110 S.W.3d 752 (2003)). The circuit court
did not err in denying appellant’s claim for habeas relief on double-jeopardy grounds.
Appellant’s allegations pertaining to the sufficiency of the evidence and his claim that
he is actually innocent were not cognizable in the habeas proceeding. Such a due-process
claim is a challenge that should have been raised at trial. Thompson v. State, 2013 Ark. 179
(per curiam).
A challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain the judgment does not call into
question the trial court’s jurisdiction or the facial validity of the judgment-and-commitment
order. Id.; see also Daniels v. Hobbs, 2011 Ark. 192 (per curiam) (holding that allegations of
an illegal search and insufficiency of the evidence were not grounds for issuance of the writ).
To the extent that appellant’s arguments were assertions of trial error, claims pertaining to due
process and equal protection are not sufficient to implicate the facial validity of the judgment
or the jurisdiction of the trial court. Hill v. State, 2013 Ark. 413 (per curiam); see also Smith
4
Cite as 2014 Ark. 346
v. Smith, 2013 Ark. 481 (per curiam) (Due process claims are not cognizable in a habeas
proceeding.); Bliss v. Hobbs, 2012 Ark. 315 (per curiam); McHaney v. Hobbs, 2012 Ark. 361
(per curiam); Craig v. Hobbs, 2012 Ark. 218 (per curiam) (Attacks on the sufficiency of the
evidence and the admissibility of evidence are not cognizable in a habeas proceeding.). If
appellant intends his arguments on appeal to challenge the sufficiency of the felony
information, we have consistently held that the proper time to object to the form or
sufficiency of a charging instrument is prior to trial. Jones v. State, 2014 Ark. 67 (per curiam);
Murry v. Hobbs, 2013 Ark. 29 (per curiam); see also Davis v. State, 2011 Ark. 88 (per curiam);
Prince v. State, 304 Ark. 692, 805 S.W.2d 46 (1991); England v. State, 234 Ark. 421, 352
S.W.2d 582 (1962).
With respect to appellant’s allegation that he was not afforded effective assistance of
counsel, ineffective assistance of counsel is also not a ground for issuance of a writ of habeas
corpus. Sanders, 2014 Ark. 312, ___ S.W.3d ___. Any allegation appellant desired to raise
concerning counsel’s effectiveness should have been raised in a timely petition for
postconviction relief pursuant to Arkansas Rule of Criminal Procedure 37.1 (2004). See
Wesson v. Hobbs, 2014 Ark. 285 (per curiam); see also Green v. State, 2014 Ark. 30. A petition
for writ of habeas corpus is not a substitute for proceeding under the Rule. Rodgers v. Hobbs,
2011 Ark. 443; Rickenbacker v. Norris, 361 Ark. 291, 206 S.W.3d 220 (2005) (per curiam).
We do not reach the issues in appellant’s brief that concern the validity of his arrest and
whether there was probable cause for a search conducted in the case because the issues were
not raised in the habeas petition. Issues raised for the first time on appeal are not grounds to
5
Cite as 2014 Ark. 346
reverse a lower court’s order. Williams v. State, 2013 Ark. 375 (per curiam); see Rayford v.
Hobbs, 2014 Ark. 244 (per curiam). Nevertheless, with respect to whether a flaw in the arrest
constituted a jurisdictional defect, this court has specifically held that a trial court’s jurisdiction
to try an accused does not depend upon the validity of the arrest. Jones, 2014 Ark. 67; see also
Roberson v. State, 2013 Ark. 75 (per curiam); Singleton v. State, 256 Ark. 756, 510 S.W.2d 283
(1974). An illegal arrest, standing alone, does not vitiate a valid conviction. Biggers v. State,
317 Ark. 414, 878 S.W.2d 717 (1994). Issues related to the validity of appellant’s arrest are
factual issues that should have been addressed in the trial court. See Grimes v. State, 2010 Ark.
97.
When a petitioner in a habeas proceeding fails to establish that any constitutional or
procedural violations implicated the jurisdiction of the trial court or rendered the judgment-
and-commitment order invalid on its face, the petitioner has not stated a basis for the writ to
issue. Chambliss v. State, 2014 Ark. 188 (per curiam). Because appellant did not establish the
facial invalidity of the judgment or demonstrate a lack of the trial court’s jurisdiction, the
circuit court did not err when it dismissed the petition. Watson v. State, 2014 Ark. 147 (per
curiam). Accordingly, the circuit court’s order is affirmed.
Affirmed; motion for appointment of counsel denied.
Wallace Gardner, pro se appellant.
Dustin McDaniel, Att’y Gen., by: Kent G. Holt, Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellee.
6