Nist v. Nexeo Solutions, L.L.C. , 2015 Ohio 3363 ( 2015 )

[Cite as Nist v. Nexeo Solutions, L.L.C., 2015-Ohio-3363.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
Deborah J. Nist, :
Plaintiff-Appellant, :
No. 14AP-854
v. : (C.P.C. No. 13CV-2401)
Nexeo Solutions, LLC et al., : (REGULAR CALENDAR)
Defendants-Appellees. :
D E C I S I O N
Rendered on August 20, 2015
Law Offices of Russell A. Kelm, and Russell A. Kelm, for
appellant.
Vorys, Sater, Seymour and Pease LLP, Robert E. Tait, and
David A. Campbell, for appellees.
APPEAL from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas
HORTON, J.
{¶ 1} Plaintiff-appellant, Deborah J. Nist, is a former employee of defendant-
appellee, Nexeo Solutions, LLC ("Nexeo"). Nist was discharged by Nexeo in November of
2012, at the age of 60. She filed suit alleging age discrimination and failure to pay
overtime against Nexeo and three supervisors involved in the decision to terminate her
employment: Joy Caudill; Carolyn Harrison; and Garrett Duncan. The trial court granted
a motion for summary judgment and a motion to strike in favor of appellees, and it is
from this judgment that Nist appeals, assigning the following as error:
I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING
DEFENDANTS' MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ON
PLAINTIFF'S CLAIM OF AGE DISCRIMINATION.
No. 14AP-854 2
II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN STRIKING LARGE
PORTIONS OF THE AFFIDAVIT PLAINTIFF SUBMITTED
IN OPPOSITION TO SUMMARY JUDGMENT.
I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
{¶ 2} Because summary judgment is a procedural device to terminate litigation,
all doubts must be resolved in favor of the non-moving party. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v.
Walker, 10th Dist. No. 09AP-947, 2010-Ohio-3698, ¶ 8. The evidence must be construed
against the moving party, and all reasonable inferences must be drawn in favor of the
non-moving party. Id.; Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Prods., Inc., 530 U.S. 133, 150-51
(2000). With these standards in mind, the following facts are relevant to our review.
{¶ 3} Nist was born on April 2, 1952. She began employment with Ashland
Chemical in June of 1995. All of the employees in the distribution business of Ashland
Chemical were transferred to Nexeo effective April 1, 2011. At the time she was
terminated, Nist was employed as a Senior Procurement Assistant in the Chemicals
Purchasing Department for Nexeo. Throughout her employment Nist was rated as a
valued contributor, including her most recent performance appraisal for the year ending
September 30, 2011.
{¶ 4} In May of 2012, Nist was assigned an additional 30-40 suppliers to handle
as a Purchasing Coordinator. Her workload increased substantially because the volume of
emails she was required to respond to multiplied. Nist needed to work longer hours in
order to keep up and started working 10-14 hour days.
{¶ 5} Nist's supervisors did not acknowledge that, by distributing suppliers based
only on the number of purchase orders generated, they were not taking into consideration
the increase in the number of contacts and common carriers to arrange shipments or the
issues involved with working with suppliers. Nexeo did not take into consideration the
fact that Nist's two largest suppliers involved troubleshooting and technical issues which
pulled her away from her other duties, even though Nist's supervisor, Joy Caudill, was
aware of these issues.
{¶ 6} In July of 2012, Nist was placed on probation and a performance
improvement plan ("PIP") because she was unable to keep up with the increased
workload. Nist did not report all of the hours she was working overtime. Thus, when the
No. 14AP-854 3
issue of long hours was brought to management's attention, Caudill's supervisor, Carolyn
Harrison, responded that Nist had only reported 46 hours of overtime since January.
{¶ 7} While on probation, Nist reported to Caudill that she was suffering from
anxiety due to the increased workload and was going to see a doctor. Caudill filed a
workers' compensation claim for Nist, knowing that the increased workload was taking a
toll on Nist's health.
{¶ 8} Nist showed improvement in her work results. Nevertheless, her PIP was
extended for another month in September of 2012.
{¶ 9} During the first three weeks of October, Caudill falsified having weekly PIP
meetings with Nist. On October 18, 2012, Caudill announced to Nist that as far as she was
concerned the PIP was over and Nist's goals were satisfied. During Nist's last meeting
with Caudill in October, Caudill told Nist that she was going to revisit the alignment of
suppliers between several other package buyers whose workload had declined. This was
not done prior to Nist's termination.
{¶ 10} Despite Nist having successfully completed her PIP, Nist was terminated on
November 15, 2012, ostensibly over an issue of needing to expedite a small order that
could not be shipped from the normal supplier because disruption from Hurricane Sandy
closed the supplier.
{¶ 11} After Nist was terminated, her two largest suppliers, Afton Chemical and
Polartech, were assigned to a young man who had previously been working as an intern.
Nexeo hired Ryan Quinn, who is in his mid-twenties, in November of 2012. Although
Quinn works in a different department, after about five months, he began handling duties
with respect to Nist's former two major suppliers.
{¶ 12} The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of Nexeo on the claim
for age discrimination and the claim for unpaid overtime. The overtime claim has not
been appealed. Because the trial court struck portions of Nist's affidavit submitted in
opposition to the motion for summary judgment, we review the propriety of granting the
motion to strike before addressing the merits of the motion for summary judgment.
No. 14AP-854 4
II. MOTION TO STRIKE
{¶ 13} In her second assignment of error, Nist contends the trial court erred in
striking large portions of the affidavit that she submitted in support of her memorandum
in opposition to Nexeo's motion for summary judgment.
{¶ 14} The trial court struck several paragraphs. We review the trial court's
decision to grant the motion to strike under an abuse of discretion standard. Pickens v.
Kroger Co., 10th Dist. No. 14AP-215, 2014-Ohio-4825, ¶ 9.
{¶ 15} The trial court struck paragraphs 9 and 14 from Nist's affidavit as hearsay.
Affidavits not based upon personal knowledge or that fail to set forth facts that would be
admissible in evidence are subject to a motion to strike. Carter v. U-Haul Internatl., 10th
Dist. No. 09AP-310, 2009-Ohio-5358, ¶ 10, citing Samadder v. DMF of Ohio, Inc., 154
Ohio App.3d 770, 2003-Ohio-5340 (10th Dist.), ¶ 17. The stricken paragraphs refer to
Nist's replacement and whether someone substantially younger replaced her. They
provide as follows:
9. Defendants told employees that I would be fine financially
if I lost my job since my home was almost paid off. Caudill
told employees that my termination was not being done
because of her age. After terminating me, defendants hired
Ryan Quinn, who is in his mid-20s. He has been assigned two
of the largest suppliers, Afton Chemical and Polartech,
previously handled by me, and Quinn has thus effectively
replaced me.
***
14. A young guy who was hired after I left took over my two
largest suppliers (Afton Chemical and Polartech). His name is
Ryan Quinn and he is 25 years old. He had worked for the
company several years ago during the summer as an intern
before starting college.
{¶ 16} Nexeo argues that Nist's deposition testimony demonstrates that her
allegations that Quinn replaced her are based on hearsay evidence. At her deposition,
Nist was questioned about her allegations in the complaint that Quinn replaced her. Nist
testified that after her discharge from Nexeo, she had lunch with Diane Buschjost, a co-
worker who also reported to Joy Caudill, Nist's supervisor.
No. 14AP-854 5
{¶ 17} When Nist testified at her deposition, her statements that she was replaced
by Quinn were based on conversations she had with a co-worker. However, at the time
she filed her affidavit, the basis for her knowledge that she was replaced by Quinn was
different. She relied upon Quinn's own deposition testimony that he was born on
September 2, 1988, that in November of 2011 he applied for purchasing jobs with Nexeo,
that he was interviewed by Carolyn Harrison in October of 2012, that he was hired on
November 19, 2012, and that he began working with Nist's two largest vendors, Afton
Chemical and Polartech in April of 2013.
{¶ 18} Thus, at the time she filed her affidavit, Nist had independent knowledge of
Quinn's age and job history with Nexeo from Quinn's own deposition. Because Nist was
no longer relying on hearsay of a co-worker about being replaced by Quinn, it was an
abuse of discretion for the trial court to strike paragraphs 9 and 14 of the affidavit.
{¶ 19} The trial court also struck paragraphs 3, 4, 6, and 12 from Nist's affidavit on
the grounds that her sworn affidavit contradicted her sworn deposition testimony. A party
may not oppose a motion for summary judgment with an affidavit that contradicts former
deposition testimony without sufficient explanation. Matteucci v. Cleveland State Univ.,
10th Dist. No. 10AP-576, 2011-Ohio-2114, ¶ 23. The first paragraph at issue provides as
follows:
3. In May 2012, I was assigned an additional 30-40 suppliers
to handle as a Purchasing Coordinator. Increasing the
number of suppliers multiplied my workload because the
number of e-mails I was required to respond to each day also
multiplied. In assigning this workload to me, defendants set
me up to fail. I was the oldest employee in my work group.
{¶ 20} Nexeo takes issue with Nist's statement that she was set up to fail. Nexeo
argues that in her deposition, Nist acknowledged that she was treated the same as her co-
workers and that management was seeking to equalize the number of purchase orders
processed each day.
{¶ 21} In fact, a close examination of Nist's deposition shows that her testimony
was consistent between her deposition and her affidavit. Nist was not taking issue with
the number of purchase orders generated, but rather the number of suppliers she was
required to handle, and the increased amount of work generated by the increase in
No. 14AP-854 6
suppliers. "They ran reports, wanted to see how many purchase orders each person
placed. But that didn't tell them how many suppliers that each individual had." (Depo.,
92.) "I wasn't telling them that I couldn't keep up with the purchase order numbers. * * *
I was telling them that I couldn't keep up with that because of everything that was
involved with those suppliers." (Depo., 93.)
{¶ 22} Nist did not say that she was treated the same as her co-workers. She
testified that at the time the extra suppliers were handed over to her, "I had several co-
workers voice their concern of the large number that I had. And they didn't know how I
was going to be able to handle that many suppliers." (Depo., 94.)
{¶ 23} By conflating the issue of number of purchase orders with the issue of
number of suppliers, Nexeo attempts to show a contradiction where none exists.
Therefore, it was an abuse of discretion to strike paragraph 3 from the affidavit.
{¶ 24} Paragraphs 4 and 6 of the affidavit refer to Nist's claim for overtime pay
which she is not appealing. Therefore, we decline to address this issue.
{¶ 25} Finally, in paragraph 12 of the affidavit, Nist states: "Any special projects
were assigned to the younger buyers. The 'seasoned' buyers and I discussed why they
would have assigned projects to employees who had not been with the company but a year
or so."
{¶ 26} Nexeo points to Nist's deposition testimony that none of her co-workers
voiced any objections regarding their own workloads to her, that management was
seeking to equalize the workload within the department, and that when asked about the
performance of other employees, Nist testified that it wasn't her business, and she had no
idea if any employees were performing poorly.
{¶ 27} None of these deposition statements contradict Nist's affidavit. Again, it
was an abuse of discretion to strike the paragraphs.
{¶ 28} The second assignment of error is well-taken and sustained.
III. SUMMARY JUDGMENT STANDARD
{¶ 29} Appellate review of summary judgment motions is de novo. Helton v. Scioto
Cty. Bd. of Commrs., 123 Ohio App.3d 158, 162 (4th Dist.1997). "When reviewing a trial
court's ruling on summary judgment, the court of appeals conducts an independent
review of the record and stands in the shoes of the trial court." Mergenthal v. Star Bank
No. 14AP-854 7
Corp., 122 Ohio App.3d 100, 103 (12th Dist.1997). We must affirm the trial court's
judgment if any of the grounds raised by the movant at the trial court are found to support
it, even if the trial court failed to consider those grounds. Coventry Twp. v. Ecker, 101
Ohio App.3d 38, 41-42 (9th Dist.1995). Summary judgment is proper only when the party
moving for summary judgment demonstrates that: (1) no genuine issue of material fact
exists, (2) the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law, and (3) reasonable
minds could come to but one conclusion and that conclusion is adverse to the party
against whom the motion for summary judgment is made, that party being entitled to
have the evidence most strongly construed in that party's favor. Civ.R. 56(C); State ex rel.
Grady v. State Emp. Relations Bd., 78 Ohio St.3d 181, 183 (1997). When seeking
summary judgment on the ground that the non-moving party cannot prove its case, the
moving party bears the initial burden of informing the trial court of the basis for the
motion, and identifying those portions of the record that demonstrate the absence of a
genuine issue of material fact on an essential element of the non-moving party's claims.
Dresher v. Burt, 75 Ohio St.3d 280, 293 (1996). A moving party does not discharge this
initial burden under Civ.R. 56 by simply making a conclusory allegation that the non-
moving party has no evidence to prove its case. Id. Rather, the moving party must
affirmatively demonstrate by affidavit or other evidence allowed by Civ.R. 56(C) that the
non-moving party has no evidence to support its claims. Id. If the moving party meets this
initial burden, then the non-moving party has a reciprocal burden outlined in Civ.R. 56(E)
to set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial and, if the non-
moving party does not so respond, summary judgment, if appropriate, shall be entered
against the non-moving party. Id.{¶ 30} In her first assignment of error, Nist argues that it was error for the trial
court to grant summary judgment on her claim of age discrimination. Nist contends the
trial court construed the facts most strongly in favor of the employer, and that if the facts
are construed as they should be when considering a motion for summary judgment, she
established a prima facie case of age discrimination, and that a reasonable jury could find
that Nexeo's articulated reason for termination was pretextual.
No. 14AP-854 8
IV. MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT (PRIMA FACIE CASE)
{¶ 31} To prevail in an age discrimination case, a plaintiff must prove
discriminatory intent, and may do so through either direct or indirect methods of proof.
Dautartas v. Abbott Laboratories, 10th Dist. No. 11AP-706, 2012-Ohio-1709, ¶ 25. Here,
Nist sought to establish her prima facie case under the indirect method using the
evidentiary framework established by the United States Supreme Court in McDonnell
Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792 (1973).
{¶ 32} Absent direct evidence of age discrimination, in order to establish a prima
facie case of a violation of R.C. 4112.14(A) in an employment discharge action, a plaintiff-
employee must demonstrate that he or she (1) was a member of the statutorily protected
class, (2) was discharged, (3) was qualified for the position, and (4) was replaced by, or
the discharge permitted the retention of, a person of substantially younger age. Coryell v.
Bank One Trust Co. N.A., 101 Ohio St.3d 175, 2004-Ohio-723, paragraph one of the
syllabus.
{¶ 33} Nist established the first three prongs of a prima facie case of age
discrimination. Nist, age 60 when terminated, was clearly within the protected class. Nist
was terminated on November 15, 2012, thus constituting an adverse employment action.
Nist had 17 years of experience with Nexeo/Ashland as a purchasing coordinator.
Throughout her employment Nist was rated as a valued contributor, including her most
recent performance appraisal for the year ending September 30, 2011. Her background,
experience, and performance evaluations demonstrated that she was qualified for the
position.
{¶ 34} The fourth prong, whether she was replaced by a substantially younger
individual, is where difficulties arise with the prima facie case. Nist claims she was
replaced by a 25-year-old, Ryan Quinn, or at the very least a genuine issue of material fact
exists as to whether she was replaced by Quinn. Nexeo argues that her duties were
distributed among her co-workers.
{¶ 35} In order to prove under R.C. 4112.02 that a person of substantially younger
age replaced her, a plaintiff must present evidence that another employee actually
replaced her by assuming a "substantial portion" of her duties. Mittler v. OhioHealth
Corp., 10th Dist. No. 12AP-119, 2013-Ohio-1634, ¶ 25, appeal not allowed, 136 Ohio St.
No. 14AP-854 9
3d 1494, 2013-Ohio-4140, ¶ 25, reconsideration denied, 137 Ohio St. 3d 1415, 2013-Ohio-
5096, ¶ 25, citing Mazzitti v. Garden City Group, Inc., 10th Dist. No. 06AP-850, 2007-
Ohio-3285, ¶ 22. It is well-established that "[s]preading the former duties of a terminated
employee among the remaining employees does not constitute replacement." Lilley v.
BTM Corp., 958 F.2d 746, 752 (6th Cir.1992).
{¶ 36} In November of 2011, Quinn began applying for jobs at Nexeo, including
purchasing jobs, because he had worked as an intern for two summers during college in
Nexeo's purchasing department. He was interviewed by Carolyn Harrison in October of
2012 for a purchasing job.
{¶ 37} Also in October of 2012, Nist was told by Joy Caudill that she had satisfied
her PIP. However, on November 15, 2012, Nist was terminated.
{¶ 38} Quinn was told that he was to be hired in early November with a start date
of November 19, 2012. Quinn was hired as a Procurement Assistant B. Quinn testified at
his deposition that he was doing deployment for material. People would buy material
from vendors and bring it into Nexeo hubs, and then Quinn would deploy that material
across to other Nexeo facilities, figuring out what warehouse to put the material into. He
continues to perform that job, but subsequently was given additional purchasing
responsibility with vendors Afton Chemical, Polartech, and Pilot. Afton Chemical and
Polartech were Nist’s largest suppliers. Quinn does not handle bulk shipments, rather
drums, totes, cans, or anything not considered bulk. He stated that his work with the
three vendors takes up approximately 20-25 percent of his daily duties. Quinn reports to
Vince Dent for his work in both purchasing and distribution which is a completely
separate department/division than Nist. Dent, in turn reports to Carolyn Harrison.
{¶ 39} Nist reported to Joy Caudill in bulk procurement. Caudill, in turn, reported
to Carolyn Harrison. Nist was responsible for purchasing (procuring) chemicals from
suppliers, so that those chemicals could be placed in stock, so that they could be
transported across the country to various customers. As part of this duty, Nist was
required to arrange for pick-up and delivery of chemicals with the common carriers.
{¶ 40} In other words, Nist's primary responsibility was to purchase chemicals in
bulk for distribution to Nexeo customers. Quinn was hired to distribute or deploy
No. 14AP-854 10
material to various facilities. He has since assumed some purchasing duties (non-bulk)
from two of Nist's former large suppliers.
{¶ 41} Quinn works in a different department, he reports to a different supervisor,
and he has different duties. With respect to purchasing from Nist's former major
suppliers, Quinn's duties involve package material, not the bulk purchasing that Nist did.
At most, his purchasing duties from three vendors, not just the two Nist handled, make up
20-25 percent of his workday. Nist also acknowledged that after she left, she was
informed that many of her duties were redistributed to other employees.
{¶ 42} Nist has failed to establish the fourth prong of the prima facie case, that she
was replaced by a person or persons substantially younger.
{¶ 43} The first assignment of error is overruled.
V. DISPOSITION
{¶ 44} Based on the foregoing, the first assignment of error is overruled, the
second assignment of error is sustained, and the judgment of the Franklin County Court
of Common Pleas is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
BROWN, P.J. and KLATT, J., concur.
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