Philyaw v. Kelley , 477 S.W.3d 503 ( 2015 )

Cite as 2015 Ark. 465
SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS
No. CV-15-567
CHARLES PHILYAW Opinion Delivered December 10, 2015
APPELLANT
APPEAL FROM THE PULASKI
V. COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
[NO. 60CV-11-4433]
WENDY KELLEY, DIRECTOR, HONORABLE WENDELL GRIFFEN,
ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF JUDGE
CORRECTION
APPELLEE AFFIRMED.
PAUL E. DANIELSON, Associate Justice
Appellant Charles Philyaw appeals from the order of the Pulaski County Circuit Court
denying his petition for writ of habeas corpus. He asserts that the circuit court erred in
denying his petition based on his claims that (1) the trial court lacked jurisdiction to impose
a sentence of life imprisonment based on a separate, uncharged offense of attempted capital
murder; (2) the trial court lacked jurisdiction to sentence him to a term of life imprisonment
when the State had waived life as a possible punishment in the charging information; and (3)
his sentence to life imprisonment was in violation of the prohibition against cruel and unusual
punishment. We affirm the circuit court’s order.
Philyaw was charged with, tried, and convicted of aggravated robbery, stemming from
the 1981 robbery in Miller County of the Cabana Liquor Store in Texarkana. He was
sentenced to life in prison and a fine of $12,000. Due to a strange twist procedurally, this
Cite as 2015 Ark. 465
court affirmed both his conviction and an order denying him postconviction relief pursuant
to Arkansas Rule of Criminal Procedure 37 in the same opinion. See Philyaw v. State, 292
Ark. 24, 728 S.W.2d 150 (1987), overruled by Thomas v. State, 322 Ark. 670, 911 S.W.2d 259
(1995) (per curiam), to the extent that Philyaw held that an allegation of ineffective assistance
of counsel for failing to raise the issue of sufficiency of the evidence could not be grounds for
relief under Rule 37. Philyaw was further convicted of attempted capital murder for having
pointed a gun at an arresting officer when he was apprehended in Hempstead County for the
robbery in Miller County and was sentenced to twenty years’ imprisonment; that conviction
was reversed, however, because Philyaw “was neither represented by counsel nor knowingly
waived his right to representation.”1 Philyaw v. State, 288 Ark. 237, 248, 704 S.W.2d 608,
613–14 (1986), overruled by Oliver v. State, 323 Ark. 743, 918 S.W.2d 690 (1996), to the
extent it suggested that a denial-of-counsel claim may be raised in a Rule 37 petition. Most
recently, we denied a petition by Philyaw to reinvest jurisdiction with the trial court so that
he could proceed with a petition for writ of error coram nobis, as well as his motion seeking
the appointment of counsel to represent him in the proceeding. See Philyaw v. State, 2014
Ark. 130 (per curiam).
We turn now to the instant appeal. Philyaw filed his petition for writ of habeas corpus
asserting the aforementioned claims on September 14, 2011. The Attorney General, on behalf
of Appellee, Wendy Kelley, the Director of the Arkansas Department of Correction (“the
1
According to Philyaw’s corrected statement of the case that was tendered to this court,
the charge of attempted capital murder was eventually dismissed.
2
Cite as 2015 Ark. 465
ADC”),2 filed a memorandum in opposition to Philyaw’s petition on March 19, 2012. On
March 30, 2015, the circuit court filed its order denying the petition.
In its order, the circuit court found that Philyaw’s judgment-and-commitment order
was plain on its face and that no indication was present that he had been sentenced to life
imprisonment for any crime other than aggravated robbery. Additionally, the circuit court
found that the charging document’s recitation of punishment, or lack thereof, had no effect
on the legality of Philyaw’s sentence. With respect to Philyaw’s third claim, the circuit court
found that Philyaw’s sentence to life imprisonment was within the range of punishment for
aggravated robbery at the time Philyaw committed the offense. It further found that, to the
extent that Philyaw claimed the trial court abused its discretion in failing to reduce his
sentence, the circuit court lacked jurisdiction to answer the question. It is from this order that
Philyaw now appeals.
For his first point on appeal, Philyaw argues that the circuit court erred in denying his
claim that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to sentence him to life imprisonment on the
separate, uncharged offense of attempted capital murder. Citing to trial testimony and the
prosecutor’s closing argument, which referenced the events of his apprehension in Hempstead
County following the robbery, he submits that the “subsequent acts for which Appellant was
not charged in Miller County cannot form the factual basis for a sentence on the charged
offense of aggravated robbery.” He contends that, because he was not charged with
2
At the time of filing, Ray Hobbs was Director of the ADC.
3
Cite as 2015 Ark. 465
attempted capital murder in the Miller County information, he was tried and punished for a
charge without formal accusation. In the absence thereof, he claims, the trial court acquired
no jurisdiction, and his trial and conviction were nullities.
A writ of habeas corpus is proper when a judgment of conviction is invalid on its face
or when a circuit court lacks jurisdiction over the cause. See Noble v. Norris, 368 Ark. 69, 243
S.W.3d 260 (2006). Unless a petitioner can show that the trial court lacked jurisdiction or
that the commitment was invalid on its face, there is no basis for a finding that a writ of
habeas corpus should issue. See id. The petitioner must plead either the facial invalidity or
the lack of jurisdiction and make a “showing, by affidavit or other evidence, [of] probable
cause to believe” that he or she is illegally detained. Ark. Code Ann. § 16-112-103(a)(1)
(Repl. 2006). Moreover, a habeas proceeding does not afford a prisoner an opportunity to
retry his or her case, and it is not a substitute for direct appeal or postconviction relief. See
Noble, 368 Ark. 69, 243 S.W.3d 260. A hearing is not required if the petition does not allege
either of the bases of relief proper in a habeas proceeding, and, even if a cognizable claim is
made, the writ does not have to be issued unless probable cause is shown. See id. Lastly, an
appeal is the proper procedure for the review of a circuit court’s denial of a petition for a writ
of habeas corpus. See id.
Here, Philyaw contends that the circuit court lacked jurisdiction to sentence him to
life imprisonment for attempted capital murder when he was not charged with that offense,
but only aggravated robbery. The judgment-and-commitment order in Philyaw’s case,
however, reflects that he was convicted solely for the offense of aggravated robbery in
4
Cite as 2015 Ark. 465
violation of Arkansas Statutes Annotated § 41-2102. The face of the order simply gives no
indication that Philyaw was in any way sentenced for attempted capital murder. Furthermore,
to the extent that Philyaw takes issue with the admission of evidence or improper argument,
claiming that it may have contributed to his sentence of life, such a challenge is not cognizable
in a habeas proceeding. See Craig v. Hobbs, 2012 Ark. 218 (per curiam) (recognizing that the
admissibility of evidence is a matter to be addressed at trial and on the record on direct appeal,
not in a habeas proceeding). Accordingly, we hold that the circuit court did not err in
denying Philyaw habeas relief on this basis.
Philyaw next argues that the circuit court erred in denying him habeas relief on his
claim that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to sentence him to life when the State had waived
life as a possible punishment in the information. He avers that the State’s information failed
to include life as a possible sentence for the charge of aggravated robbery, resulting in a waiver
of the State’s ability to pursue the maximum sentence. He claims that because the State had
waived its right to seek a sentence of life if Philyaw was convicted, the trial court exceeded
its jurisdiction when it imposed a life sentence after that waiver.
In Arkansas, sentencing is entirely a matter of statute, and this court has consistently
held that sentencing shall not be other than in accordance with the statute in effect at the time
of the commission of the crime. See, e.g., Hale v. Hobbs, 2014 Ark. 405, 443 S.W.3d 533.
When the law does not authorize the particular sentence pronounced by a circuit court, that
sentence is unauthorized and illegal, and the case must be reversed and remanded. See id. In
this case, the robbery at issue took place in May 1981, and Philyaw was convicted of
5
Cite as 2015 Ark. 465
aggravated robbery in violation of Arkansas Statutes Annotated § 41-2102 (Supp. 1979). At
the time of his offense, aggravated robbery was a Class A felony, punishable by a term of
imprisonment “not less than five (5) years nor more than fifty (50) years, or life.”3 Ark. Stat.
Ann. § 41-901(1)(a) (Repl. 1977). Philyaw was sentenced to life, which was a permitted
sentence under the law at that time. Moreover, as Kelley correctly points out in her brief,
Philyaw has cited this court to no authority for his proposition that an information must
contain the relevant sentencing range to be sought or that the failure to include such a range
results in the State’s waiver of that sentence.4
Claims of a defective information that raise a jurisdictional issue, such as those that raise
a claim of an illegal sentence, are cognizable in a habeas proceeding. See Anderson v. Kelley,
2015 Ark. 411, ___ S.W.3d ___ (per curiam). However, allegations of a defective
information are not generally considered to be jurisdictional and are treated as trial error. See
id. Assertions of trial error and due-process claims do not implicate the facial validity of the
judgment or the jurisdiction of the trial court. See Maxwell v. Hobbs, 2013 Ark. 307 (per
curiam). Because Philyaw’s claim relating to the sentence set forth in the information fails to
3
We note that, pursuant to Act 620 of 1981, aggravated robbery became a Class Y
felony, punishable by a sentence of “not less than ten (10) years and not more than forty (40)
years, or life.” Ark. Stat. Ann. § 41-901(1)(a) (Supp. 1981); see also Ark. Stat. Ann. § 41-
2102(2) (Supp. 1981). However, Act 620 contained no emergency clause and therefore did
not become effective until June 17, 1981, well after the date of Philyaw’s offense. See Op.
Ark. Att’y Gen. No. 76 (1981).
4
While Philyaw does cite this court to Cathey v. State, 351 Ark. 464, 95 S.W.3d 753
(2003), and Fuller v. State, 256 Ark. 998, 511 S.W.2d 474 (1974), both are inapposite.
Neither stands for the proposition that the State necessarily waives a sentence if that sentence
was not previously set forth in the information.
6
Cite as 2015 Ark. 465
demonstrate either a lack of jurisdiction on the part of the trial court or the facial invalidity
of his judgment-and-commitment order, we affirm the circuit court’s denial of relief on this
claim.
As his final point on appeal, Philyaw argues that the circuit court erred in denying his
claim that his sentence to life imprisonment violated the prohibition against cruel and unusual
punishment. He urges that his sentence of life imprisonment was the result of passion or
prejudice, when he was an unarmed accomplice to the aggravated robbery and only drove
the getaway car. He claims that it was the evidence relating to his pointing a gun at police
when apprehended that instilled such passion in the jury’s mind and resulted in his sentence.
He further asserts that his sentence of life was so wholly disproportionate to the nature of the
crime as to shock the moral sense of the community, especially since his accomplice is serving
only a fifteen-year sentence.
As already set forth, Philyaw’s sentence to life imprisonment was within the statutory
range of punishment for the offense of aggravated robbery, and he does not dispute or
challenge his sentence on the basis that it was outside the statutory limits. The constitutional
prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment is directed toward the kind of punishment
imposed, not its duration, and the fact that a punishment is severe does not make it cruel or
unusual. See Hinton v. State, 260 Ark. 42, 537 S.W.2d 800 (1976). Indeed, we have held that
the imposition of a maximum sentence for an offense is not cruel or unusual punishment. See
id.
7
Cite as 2015 Ark. 465
We have further held that we will not reduce or compare sentences that are imposed
within the statutory limits. See Dunlap v. State, 303 Ark. 222, 795 S.W.2d 920 (1990). Unless
the punishment is a barbarous one unknown to law or so wholly disproportionate to the
nature of the offense as to shock the moral sense of the community, this court will not find
that punishment authorized by statute is cruel or unusual. See id. We simply cannot say that
Philyaw’s sentence, which was authorized by statute and found appropriate by the jury that
imposed it, is either.
For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the circuit court’s order denying Philyaw’s habeas
petition.
Affirmed.
J. Brooks Wiggins, for appellant.
Leslie Rutledge, Att’y Gen., by: Brad Newman, Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellee.
8