State v. Semenchuk , 2015 Ohio 5408 ( 2015 )

[Cite as State v. Semenchuk, 2015-Ohio-5408.]
[Please see vacated opinion at 2015-Ohio-4767.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 102636
STATE OF OHIO
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
GEORGE SEMENCHUK
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT:
AFFIRMED IN PART, VACATED IN PART,
AND REMANDED
Criminal Appeal from the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-14-588154-A
BEFORE: S. Gallagher, J., Jones, P.J., and Laster Mays, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: December 24, 2015
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Paul A. Mancino
Mancino, Mancino & Mancino
75 Public Square Building
Suite 1016
Cleveland, Ohio 44113-2098
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Timothy J. McGinty
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
By: John F. Hirschauer
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney
Justice Center - 9th Floor
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ON RECONSIDERATION1
SEAN C. GALLAGHER, J.:
{¶1} George Semenchuk appeals his conviction for driving under the influence of
alcohol, a third-degree felony, based on a prior felony operating a vehicle while
intoxicated (“OVI”) conviction, criminal trespass, petty theft, and attempted assault of a
peace officer. The trial court sentenced Semenchuk to an aggregate prison term of five
years, along with community control sanctions and the mandatory $1,350 fine. For the
following reasons, we affirm Semenchuk’s conviction, vacate his sentencing on the
driving under the influence count, and remand for the limited purpose of resentencing on
that count.
{¶2} Semenchuk was arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol after
trying to steal gasoline from the victim’s garage. Semenchuk was seen driving
erratically, and then parking on the curb in front of the victim’s home. When police
officers arrived, Semenchuk appeared intoxicated. He smelled of alcohol, was
stumbling, and had bloodshot eyes. The victim saw Semenchuk drive on the wrong side
of the road, hit a curb, and get out of the vehicle.
{¶3} After pleading guilty to a violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a), a third-degree
felony pursuant to R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(e), attempted assault of a police officer in
1
The original announcement of decision, State v. Semenchuk, 2015-Ohio-4767, released
November 19, 2015, is hereby vacated. This opinion, issued upon reconsideration, is the court’s
journalized decision in this appeal. See App.R. 22(C); see also S.Ct. Prac.R. 7.01.
violation of R.C. 2923.02, and the remaining misdemeanor charges not relevant to the
current appeal, the trial court sentenced Semenchuk to a five-year term of imprisonment,
community control sanctions to be served following the sentence on the felony OVI
offense, and a fine totaling $1,350. Semenchuk appealed, arguing in several assignments
of error: (1) that the maximum sentence for a felony three OVI without the R.C.
2941.1413 specification is three years; (2) that his guilty plea was not knowingly,
voluntarily, or intelligently entered; (3) that the trial court failed to consider a presentence
investigation (“PSI”) report prior to imposing community control sanctions; (4) that the
trial court failed to consider the statutory felony sentencing factors; and (5) that the trial
court failed to consider his ability to pay the fine pursuant to R.C. 2929.18. We agree
that the maximum sentence for a third-degree felony OVI offense without the
specification is three years, but disagree with the remainder of Semenchuk’s arguments.
{¶4} Both parties fixated on the conflict amongst the districts regarding the
maximum term of prison authorized by R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(e) and 2929.13(G)(2) for
offenders also convicted of the R.C. 2941.1413 specification. See, e.g., State v. Jarrells,
8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 101707, 2015-Ohio-879, ¶ 13. That conflict focused on R.C.
4511.19(G)(1)(e), which authorizes a mandatory one-, two-, three-, four-, or five-year
sentence of imprisonment if the offender is also found guilty of the specification
described in R.C. 2941.1413, and R.C. 2929.14(A)(3), which authorizes a three-year
maximum sentence except for certain enumerated crimes not including the felony OVI
offenses. The Ohio Supreme Court recently settled the issue and held that an offender
convicted of a third-degree felony OVI and the repeat-offender specification is subject to
(1) a one- to five-year mandatory, consecutive prison sentence under the specification,
and (2) an additional discretionary term of 9 to 36 months for the underlying OVI
conviction pursuant to R.C. 2929.14(A)(3). State v. South, Slip Opinion No.
2015-Ohio-3930. We need not dwell on this issue. Semenchuk was not found guilty of
the R.C. 2941.1413 specification, and therefore, the maximum sentence for his offense
was three years irrespective of the South decision.
{¶5} As discussed by Semenchuk, the maximum sentence for a violation of R.C.
4511.19(G)(1)(e), a third-degree felony, is three years. The trial court sentenced
Semenchuk to five years based on the state’s argument that R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(e) and,
therefore, R.C. 2929.13(G)(2), applied. We agree with the state regarding the
applicability of the statutory sections. The application of these sections to the current
case is altogether a different matter.
{¶6} R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(e) provides that
[i]f the offender is being sentenced for a violation of division (A)(1)(a) * *
* of this section, [the court shall impose] a mandatory prison term of one,
two, three, four, or five years as required by and in accordance with division
(G)(2) of section 2929.13 of the Revised Code if the offender also is
convicted of or also pleads guilty to a specification of the type described in
section 2941.1413 of the Revised Code or a mandatory prison term of sixty
consecutive days in accordance with division (G)(2) of section 2929.13 of
the Revised Code if the offender is not convicted of and does not plead
guilty to a specification of that type. The court may impose a prison term
in addition to the mandatory prison term. The cumulative total of a
sixty-day mandatory prison term and the additional prison term for the
offense shall not exceed five years.
(Emphasis added.) Thus, the trial court may only impose a term of one, two, three, four,
or five years if the offender is also convicted of the R.C. 2941.1413 specification. If the
offender was not also convicted of that specification, the trial court must sentence the
offender to a mandatory 60-day prison term in accordance with subsection (G)(2) of R.C.
2929.13.
{¶7} That subsection, in turn, provides that
If the offender is being sentenced for a third degree felony OVI offense, * *
* the court shall impose upon the offender a mandatory prison term of one,
two, three, four, or five years if the offender also is convicted of or also
pleads guilty to a specification of the type described in section 2941.1413 of
the Revised Code or shall impose upon the offender a mandatory prison
term of sixty days or one hundred twenty days as specified in division
(G)(1)(d) or (e) of section 4511.19 of the Revised Code if the offender has
not been convicted of and has not pleaded guilty to a specification of that
type.
(Emphasis added.) R.C. 2929.13(G)(2). Again, the trial court must impose up to the
five-year sentence only if the offender is convicted of the R.C. 2941.1413 specification.
If not so convicted, the offender is subject to a three-year maximum sentence pursuant to
a third-degree felony sentencing, 60 or 120 days of which include the maximum
mandatory portion of the sentence pursuant to the OVI specific statutes provided by R.C.
4511.19(G)(1)(d) or (e). In light of the fact that Semenchuk was found guilty under R.C.
4511.19(G)(1)(e), the court should have imposed a mandatory 60-day term of prison on
the OVI offense and up to a maximum term of three years on the basic term for a
third-degree felony, not the five-year sentence imposed.
{¶8} In addition to the OVI specific statutes, if the trial court imposes an
additional basic term for a third-degree felony pursuant to R.C. 2929.14(B)(4), the
additional 60- or 120-day prison terms imposed under the felony OVI specific statutes
reduce the total prison term imposed under R.C. 2929.14(A)(3)(b) so as to limit the
maximum aggregate term. The dissenting justices in South believed that R.C.
2929.14(B)(4) authorized the trial court to impose any sentence authorized under R.C.
2929.14(A)(3), including the potential five-year term authorized under subsection
(A)(3)(a) even though that subsection only referenced certain statutory sections to the
exclusion of R.C. 4511.19. South, Slip Opinion No. 2015-Ohio-3930, at ¶ 40-58. The
majority rejected this interpretation. Id. at ¶ 20. As a result, we conclude that for a
third-degree felony offense under R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(e) without the accompanying
specification, the maximum aggregate term is limited to the term authorized by subsection
(A)(3)(b) — three years, 60 days of which are mandatory. R.C. 2929.14(B)(4); State v.
Kincade, 3d Dist. Wyandot No. 16-09-20, 2010-Ohio-1497, ¶ 15; see also South.
{¶9} Kincade involved a similar set of circumstances as the current case.
Although Kincade was decided under the sentencing range then in effect, the rationale
still applies. The defendant was charged with a third-degree felony OVI offense, found
guilty, and sentenced to a mandatory 60-day term of prison and an additional basic term
of four years under the then applicable sentencing ranges. The defendant appealed,
arguing the maximum sentence for his offense was four years based on the version of
R.C. 2929.14(B)(4) then in effect, claiming the maximum term had to be reduced by the
60-day mandatory prison term. The Third District agreed and held that the mandatory
60-day prison term reduced the additional basic term to an aggregate term of four years
based on a plain reading of the statutory section.
{¶10} The maximum prison sentence the trial court could impose in this case is the
mandatory 60-day prison term set forth in R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(e) and 2929.13(G)(2),
along with any additional term for a basic felony-three sentence pursuant to R.C.
2929.14(A)(3) up to a maximum aggregate sentence of three years. The trial court’s
five-year prison sentence is contrary to law. We vacate Semenchuk’s sentence on the
driving under the influence count and remand for the purposes of resentencing. In light
of the reversal, Semenchuk’s argument that the trial court failed to consider the felony
sentencing factors, in reaching the aggregate five-year sentence of imprisonment, is moot.
{¶11} Semenchuk next argues that his guilty plea was not knowingly, voluntarily,
or intelligently entered because the trial court failed to explain the effect of the guilty
plea.
{¶12} “When a defendant enters a plea in a criminal case, the plea must be made
knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily.” State v. Engle, 74 Ohio St.3d 525, 527,
1996-Ohio-179, 660 N.E.2d 450. The standard of review for determining whether a plea
was knowing, intelligent, and voluntary within the meaning of Crim.R. 11 for
nonconstitutional issues is substantial compliance, and strict compliance for constitutional
issues. State v. Nero, 56 Ohio St.3d 106, 108, 564 N.E.2d 474 (1990), citing State v.
Stewart, 51 Ohio St.2d 86, 92-93, 364 N.E.2d 1163 (1977). “Substantial compliance
means that under the totality of the circumstances the defendant subjectively understands
the implications of his plea and the rights he is waiving.” Nero. In addition, when
challenging his guilty plea based on the trial court’s lack of substantial compliance, a
defendant must also show a prejudicial effect — that the plea would not have been
otherwise entered but for the error. State v. Clark, 119 Ohio St.3d 239, 2008-Ohio-3748,
893 N.E.2d 462, ¶ 32, citing State v. Veney, 120 Ohio St.3d 176, 2008-Ohio-5200, 897
N.E.2d 621, ¶ 15.
{¶13} In this case, the trial court informed Semenchuk of the nature of the
charges, the consequences he faced, and the constitutional rights he waived by pleading
guilty. Under a totality of the circumstances, the trial court at least partially complied
with the Crim.R. 11 nonconstitutional advisements.
{¶14} Semenchuk has not demonstrated, nor even argued, that he would not have
entered the guilty plea but for the perceived lack of advisements. As panels from this
court continuously warn, “‘even if the [trial] court failed to substantially comply with
explaining the effects of his plea,’ the defendant still has to prove that he was prejudiced
by the court’s failure.” State v. Mannarino, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 98727,
2013-Ohio-1795, ¶ 17, citing State v. Simonoski, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 98496,
2013-Ohio-1031. In both Mannarino and Simonoski, the defendants argued that no
showing of prejudice was required because the trial court failed to comply. Mannarino
at ¶ 15; Simonoski at ¶ 11. In both cases, panels from this court determined that there
was partial compliance, and therefore, the defendants were required to demonstrate
prejudice. Mannarino at ¶ 16; Simonoski. As a result of the defendants not offering any
argument demonstrating that they would not have entered the plea but for the inadequate
explanation, the panels were forced to affirm the convictions. Mannarino at ¶ 18;
Simonoski at ¶ 12. We must overrule any assigned errors seeking to vacate the guilty
plea. Semenchuk has not demonstrated, let alone argued, prejudice even if we found the
trial court failed to adequately advise Semenchuk of his rights.
{¶15} We must also summarily overrule Semenchuk’s remaining assigned errors.
{¶16} Semenchuk argues that the trial court failed to order a new PSI report
pursuant to R.C. 2951.03(A)(1) before imposing the community control sanctions. The
trial court did not err. R.C. 2951.03(A)(1) provides, “[n]o person who has been
convicted of or pleaded guilty to a felony shall be placed under a community control
sanction until a written presentence investigation report has been considered by the
court.” (Emphasis added.) The statute does not specify that a new report must be
generated each and every time an offender recidivates. In this case, the trial court
considered a PSI report from Semenchuk’s 2007 OVI conviction — for which he served a
five-year prison term — without objection and as required by a plain reading of R.C.
2951.03(A)(1).
{¶17} Finally, Semenchuk argues that the trial court improperly imposed the
$1,350 fine without considering his ability to pay pursuant to R.C. 2929.18(A)(2). The
fine was imposed pursuant to R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(e), which mandates the imposition of a
fine “[i]n all cases, notwithstanding section 2929.18 of the Revised Code * * *.” R.C.
2929.18 does not apply in this case.2
{¶18} Semenchuk’s conviction is affirmed. His sentence on the driving under the
influence count is vacated, and the matter remanded for resentencing on that count only.
It is ordered that appellee and appellant share the costs herein taxed. The
court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common
pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
SEAN C. GALLAGHER, JUDGE
LARRY A. JONES, SR., P.J., and
ANITA LASTER MAYS, J., CONCUR
2
Although Semenchuk argues upon reconsideration that requiring an indigent offender to pay
a fine violates constitutional protections, such argument was not raised in the appellant’s merit
briefing and is therefore disregarded. New theories cannot be considered for the first time upon
reconsideration.